Пойнт-Кук: История и развитие пригорода Мельбурна

Point Cook is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, south west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Wyndham local government area. Point Cook recorded a population of 66,781 at the 2021 census. The major development of the suburb began in the late 1990s. The population of Point Cook has been growing rapidly since 2001 when the population was 1,737. At the , Point Cook's population was 49,929, and had risen to 60,105 by 2018.

Point Cook was originally spelled Point Cooke, and named in 1836. Almost all references dropped the "e"; however, in the early 2000s the point itself was officially renamed "Point Cooke". Point Cook was named after John M. Cooke, mate of His Majesty's vessel Rattlesnake. Commanded by Captain Hobson, the ship charted part of the Port Phillip Bay in 1836. William Drayton Taylor leased the land around Point Cook promontory in 1849. The following year in 1850 Taylor transferred his licence to Alexander Irvine. By March 1852, a six room weatherboard cottage had been erected. In 1853 the pastoralist Thomas Chirnside added the farmlands of Point Cook to his holdings. He built the famous Point Cook Homestead of twenty five rooms in 1857. Initially Point Cook was an important segment of the expanding pastoral empire established by Thomas and his brother Andrew. As their extensive land holdings were developed substantial homesteads were later constructed at Werribee Park, Carranballac, Mount Williams and Curnong. Due to the Chirnside brothers' deep interest in hunting, deer and foxes were introduced to Point Cook in the 1850s. As early as 1859 members of the Melbourne Hunt Club and the Geelong & District Hunt Club were invited to hunt at Point Cook. In the early 1860s Thomas Chirnside imported valuable horses for the breeding at Point Cook. The property was said to have three racetracks. The Chirnside's became one of Victoria's prominent pastoral families, entertaining the colonial gentry and organising sporting functions for their guests at Point Cook. In 1873 the Chirnside brothers began construction of the elaborate mansion at Werribee Park. By 1877 the Werribee Park Mansion had been completed and it largely displaced the Point Cook Homestead as their families' focus.

In 1912 the Federal Government purchased a large section of Point Cook with a vision to establish the Australian Flying Corps (AFC). Due to the success of the AFC in the First World War, the AFC was renamed the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) and this led to the eventual renaming of the AFC base at Point Cook to RAAF Base Point Cook. Point Cook remained the RAAF's only base until 1925 when RAAF Base Richmond and the nearby RAAF Base Laverton were built. Point Cook is considered the birthplace and the spiritual home of the RAAF. Today the RAAF Base Point Cook is the home of the RAAF College including Officers Training School (OTS) and the RAAF Museum. In 1920 the Chirnside family sold the remainder of the Point Cook property to Sydney Dalrymple. This ended nearly 70 years of the Chirnside family's ownership of Point Cook. Four years later in 1924 Dalrymple sold the northern part of the Point Cook land to Cheetham Salt Pty Ltd for salt recovery lagoons. Point Cook Post Office opened in 1926, was renamed Point Cook R. A. A. F. Post Office in 1940, and closed in 1993. A new Point Cook office opened in 2005 subsequent to suburban development in the area. Cheetham Salt established a series of ponds in the 1920s where sea water was fed into the shallow ponds and allowed to evaporate. Dried salt was then harvested from the floor of the lagoons. This operation continued until the early 1990s, when the site was purchased by the Victorian Government. The more environmentally important bayside part of the original saltworks now comprises Cheetham Wetlands which make up the migratory bird habitat and conservation area that is there today. The higher, western section is being developed privately by various housing estates, such as Sanctuary Lakes that are there today. In 1948 Point Cook hosted the Australian Grand Prix, which was held at the Point Cook RAAF Base. The race was won by Frank Pratt driving a BMW 328.

In 1996, Point Cook was basically a rural community, with the RAAF (Royal Australian Air Force) Base. Point Cook's population in 1996 was approximately 580, of whom 552 lived on the RAAF base. By 2001, Point Cook's population had increased to 1,737, and by August 2006 the population of Point Cook was 14,162 as per the 2006 Australian Census. Today Point Cook is one of the major growth regions in Melbourne's western suburbs. At the 2011 Census, Point Cook recorded a population of 32,413 and it was originally estimated in 2006 that the population would be 41,474 by 2016. The 2016 Census revealed that the actual population in June 2016 was much higher at 49,929. During the 2016 Census, it was found there were 13,593 families living in Point Cook, with an average of 1.1 child per family. 50.1% of Point Cook's population were males, 49.9% being females. In Point Cook, 48.4% of people were born in Australia. The most common countries of birth were India 9.1%, China 6.4%, New Zealand 4.0%, United Kingdom 3.2% and Philippines 2.1%. 51.1% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 8.4%, Hindi 4.4%, Cantonese 2.3%, Indonesian 1.6% and Punjabi 1.6%. The most common responses for religion in Point Cook were No Religion 27.7%, Catholic 23.7% and Hinduism 10.0%. About 70 per cent of residents have both parents born overseas, and it also has the largest number of different languages spoken at home.

Selected areas of Point Cook are currently taking part in Telstra's FTTP broadband network. Up to 1,500 Point Cook homes now have access to a download capacity of up to 100 Mbit/s. This will involve replacement of the copper with fibre line to the home. This delivers Internet, digital free to air TV, Foxtel from Telstra and multiple HomeLine services all from one cable with no need for rooftop antennas or dishes. Telstra has also recently introduced ADSL 2+ to several areas of Point Cook. Outside of areas with Fibre to the Premises (FTTP), Internet services in Point Cook are considered by most residents to be well below that expected of a developing suburb. Many residents are unable to obtain ADSL services (either v1 or v2) due to the limited capacity of the local Point Cook telephone exchange to provide these services. Also, due to the design of the copper telephone network in Point Cook, many residents are on RIMs not suitably provisioned for ADSL, restricting their Internet services to dial up, or wireless technologies such as 3G. HFC cable services are not available in the suburb. During 2018, much of Point Cook was connected to the National Broadband Network. Most homes are connected to the NBN via FTTC. Fibre to the Curb allows network speeds of up to 100 M/bits. However, NBNCo says future upgrades to FTTC may allow network speeds of up to 1 G/bit in the coming years.

The RAAF base was established in March 1913 and was used as a flying training school until 1992. The base contains a museum for visitors; most of what is left are prohibited and restricted areas. The RAAF Point Cook Base contains a horizon tank, one of only three in the world. It was used in the television series Moby Dick and Noah's Ark.

Point Cook has a very active and varied café and restaurant culture that perfectly reflects that of greater Melbourne. There are over 50 restaurants and cafes in Point Cook that offer a wide range of cuisines from Italian, Indian, Malaysian, Chinese, Vietnamese, Korean, Thai, Japanese, Pakistani, Pan Asian, Spanish, American, Mexican, Pub Food, Buffet, Vegetarian, Vegan and modern Australian. These are located all over the suburb with several concentrated locations, such as the Point Cook Town Centre, Featherbrook Shopping Centre, Soho Village, Sanctuary Lakes Shopping Centre, Tribeca Village and across the freeway from Williams Landing railway station. There is also a large range of takeaway food places which offer an equally wide range of cuisines.

Anthony Callea – Television personality and singer; spent his teenage and early adult years with his parents in Point Cook.