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Содержание
Введение
Первый уровень административного деления России
First level administrative division of Russia
Кабардино-Балкария (Кабарди́но Балка́рия), официально Кабардинская Балкарская Республика, — это республика в составе России, расположенная на Северном Кавказе. По данным переписи населения 2021 года, её население составляло 904 200 человек. Столица — Нальчик. На территории республики находится высочайшая гора Европы — Эльбрус, на котором расположено 22 ледника, питающих три реки: Баксан, Малка и Кубань. Гора покрыта снегом круглый год.
Kabardino Balkaria (Кабарди́но Балка́рия), officially the Kabardino Balkarian Republic, is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 904,200. Its capital is Nalchik. The area contains the highest mountain in Europe, Mount Elbrus, at Mount Elbrus has 22 glaciers that feed three rivers — Baksan, Malka and Kuban. The mountain is covered with snow year round.
Природные ресурсы
В Кабардино-Балкарии имеются природные ресурсы, включая молибден, вольфрам и уголь.
Kabardino Balkaria's natural resources include molybdenum, tungsten, and coal.
История
Известно, что современные черкесы, также называемые кассогами, населяли Кабардино-Балкарию как минимум с VI века до нашей эры, когда она была известна как Зихия. 1 июля 1994 года Кабардино-Балкария стала второй республикой после Татарстана, заключившей соглашение о распределении власти с федеральным правительством, предоставившее ей автономию.
It is known that modern day Circassians also called Kassogs were inhabiting Kabardino Balkaria since at least the 6th century BCE, then known as Zichia. On 1 July 1994 Kabardino Balkaria became the second republic after Tatarstan to sign a power sharing agreement with the federal government, granting it autonomy.
Политика
Главой государства в Кабардино-Балкарии является Глава. Действующий Глава – Казбек Коков. Законодательным органом Республики является Парламент, состоящий из 72 депутатов, избираемых на пятилетний срок. В 2001 году республика приняла новую конституцию, которая исключает возможность её существования вне состава Российской Федерации.
The head of government in Kabardino Balkaria is the Head. The current Head is Kazbek Kokov. The legislative body of the Republic is the Parliament comprising 72 deputies elected for a five year term. The republic adopted a new constitution in 2001 which prevents the republic from existing independently of the Russian Federation.
Этнические группы
Кабардино-Балкария включает в себя две основные этнические общины, кабардинцев (черкесов), говорящих на северо-западном кавказском языке, и балкарцев, говорящих на тюркском языке. Согласно переписи населения 2021 года, кабардинцы составляют 57,1% населения республики, за ними следуют русские (19,8%) и балкарцы (13,7%). Другие группы включают черкесов (3,0%), турок (1,9%), осетин (0,8%), цыган (0,5%) и множество небольших групп, каждая из которых составляет менее 0,5% от общей численности населения.
Kabardino Balkaria includes two major ethnic communities, the Kabardins (Circassians), who speak a North West Caucasian language, and the Balkars who speak a Turkic language. According to the 2021 Census, Kabardins make up 57.1% of the republic's population, followed by Russians (19.8%) and Balkars (13.7%). Other groups include Cherkess (3.0%), Turks (1.9%), Ossetians (0.8%), Romani (0.5%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population. Ethnicgroup 1926 Census1 1939 Census 1959 Census 1970 Census 1979 Census 1989 Census 2002 Census 2010 Census 2021 Census3 Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Kabardin 122,23754.2% 152,23742.4% 190,28445.3% 264,67545.0% 303,60445.5% 364,49448.2% 498,702255.3% 490,45357.2% 502,61557.1% Balkars 33,19714.7% 40,74711.3% 34,0888.1% 51,3568.7% 59,7109.0% 70,7939.4% 104,95111.6% 108,57712.7% 120,89813.7% Russians 32,62214.5% 129,06735.9% 162,58638.7% 218,59537.2% 234,13735.1% 240,75031.9% 226,62025.1% 193,15522.5% 174,76819.8% Ossetians 3,8391.7% 4,6081.3% 6,4421.5% 9,1671.6% 9,7101.5% 9,9961.3% 9,8451.1% 9,1291.1% 6,8770.8% Ukrainians 24,72311.0% 11,1423.1% 8,4002.0% 10,6201.8% 12,1391.8% 12,8261.7% 7,5920.8% 4,8000.6% 1,4610.2% Cherkess 8,803 3.9% 21,328 5.9% 18,315 4.4% 33,790 5.7% 47,246 7.1% 6140.1% 7250.1% 2,4750.3% 26,5443.0% Others 55,0587.3% 53,0595.9% 49,0815.7% 47,7485.7% 1 The results of the 1926 census refer to the present territory, which is a combination of the Kabardo Balkarian AO and a part of the Terek district. The latter area was mainly inhabited by Russians and Ukrainians. 2 In view of the results of the 1989 census and the 2010 census, the number of Kabardins in 2002 seems unlikely high. 3 23,289 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.
Kabardino Balkaria includes two major ethnic communities, the Kabardins (Circassians), who speak a North West Caucasian language, and the Balkars who speak a Turkic language. According to the 2021 Census, Kabardins make up 57.1% of the republic's population, followed by Russians (19.8%) and Balkars (13.7%). Other groups include Cherkess (3.0%), Turks (1.9%), Ossetians (0.8%), Romani (0.5%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population. Ethnicgroup 1926 Census1 1939 Census 1959 Census 1970 Census 1979 Census 1989 Census 2002 Census 2010 Census 2021 Census3 Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Kabardin 122,23754.2% 152,23742.4% 190,28445.3% 264,67545.0% 303,60445.5% 364,49448.2% 498,702255.3% 490,45357.2% 502,61557.1% Balkars 33,19714.7% 40,74711.3% 34,0888.1% 51,3568.7% 59,7109.0% 70,7939.4% 104,95111.6% 108,57712.7% 120,89813.7% Russians 32,62214.5% 129,06735.9% 162,58638.7% 218,59537.2% 234,13735.1% 240,75031.9% 226,62025.1% 193,15522.5% 174,76819.8% Ossetians 3,8391.7% 4,6081.3% 6,4421.5% 9,1671.6% 9,7101.5% 9,9961.3% 9,8451.1% 9,1291.1% 6,8770.8% Ukrainians 24,72311.0% 11,1423.1% 8,4002.0% 10,6201.8% 12,1391.8% 12,8261.7% 7,5920.8% 4,8000.6% 1,4610.2% Cherkess 8,803 3.9% 21,328 5.9% 18,315 4.4% 33,790 5.7% 47,246 7.1% 6140.1% 7250.1% 2,4750.3% 26,5443.0% Others 55,0587.3% 53,0595.9% 49,0815.7% 47,7485.7% 1 The results of the 1926 census refer to the present territory, which is a combination of the Kabardo Balkarian AO and a part of the Terek district. The latter area was mainly inhabited by Russians and Ukrainians. 2 In view of the results of the 1989 census and the 2010 census, the number of Kabardins in 2002 seems unlikely high. 3 23,289 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.
¹ Результаты переписи 1926 года относятся к современной территории, которая является комбинацией Кабардино-Балкарской АО и части Терской области. Последняя область была в основном населена русскими и украинцами.
² В свете результатов переписи 1989 года и переписи 2010 года, число кабардинцев в 2002 году представляется маловероятным.
³ 23 289 человек были зарегистрированы из административных баз данных и не могли указать свою этническую принадлежность. По оценкам, доля этнических групп в этой группе такая же, как и в заявленной группе.
Kabardino Balkaria includes two major ethnic communities, the Kabardins (Circassians), who speak a North West Caucasian language, and the Balkars who speak a Turkic language. According to the 2021 Census, Kabardins make up 57.1% of the republic's population, followed by Russians (19.8%) and Balkars (13.7%). Other groups include Cherkess (3.0%), Turks (1.9%), Ossetians (0.8%), Romani (0.5%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population. Ethnicgroup 1926 Census1 1939 Census 1959 Census 1970 Census 1979 Census 1989 Census 2002 Census 2010 Census 2021 Census3 Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Kabardin 122,23754.2% 152,23742.4% 190,28445.3% 264,67545.0% 303,60445.5% 364,49448.2% 498,702255.3% 490,45357.2% 502,61557.1% Balkars 33,19714.7% 40,74711.3% 34,0888.1% 51,3568.7% 59,7109.0% 70,7939.4% 104,95111.6% 108,57712.7% 120,89813.7% Russians 32,62214.5% 129,06735.9% 162,58638.7% 218,59537.2% 234,13735.1% 240,75031.9% 226,62025.1% 193,15522.5% 174,76819.8% Ossetians 3,8391.7% 4,6081.3% 6,4421.5% 9,1671.6% 9,7101.5% 9,9961.3% 9,8451.1% 9,1291.1% 6,8770.8% Ukrainians 24,72311.0% 11,1423.1% 8,4002.0% 10,6201.8% 12,1391.8% 12,8261.7% 7,5920.8% 4,8000.6% 1,4610.2% Cherkess 8,803 3.9% 21,328 5.9% 18,315 4.4% 33,790 5.7% 47,246 7.1% 6140.1% 7250.1% 2,4750.3% 26,5443.0% Others 55,0587.3% 53,0595.9% 49,0815.7% 47,7485.7% 1 The results of the 1926 census refer to the present territory, which is a combination of the Kabardo Balkarian AO and a part of the Terek district. The latter area was mainly inhabited by Russians and Ukrainians. 2 In view of the results of the 1989 census and the 2010 census, the number of Kabardins in 2002 seems unlikely high. 3 23,289 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.
Религия
Согласно опросу 2012 года, в котором приняли участие 56 900 человек, 70,8% населения Кабардино-Балкарии придерживались ислама, 11,6% – Русской православной церкви, 3,8% – христиан других конфессий, а 1,8% – адыгской (кабардинской) народной религии и других традиционных верований. Кроме того, 12% населения заявили, что являются духовными, но не религиозными людьми, а 5,6% – атеистами или исповедуют другие религии, включая Свидетелей Иеговы.
According to a 2012 survey which interviewed 56,900 people, 70.8% of the population of Kabardino Balkaria adhered to Islam, 11.6% to the Russian Orthodox Church, 3.8% were non Orthodox Christians, and 1.8% followed Adyghe (Kabardian) folk religion and other indigenous faiths. In addition, 12% of the population declared to be "spiritual but not religious" and 5.6% was atheist or followed other religions, including Jehovah's Witnesses.