Софья Перовская: Революционерка и виселица.

Russian Empire revolutionary

the 1967 Soviet biopic film

Sophia Lvovna Perovskaya (Со́фья Льво́вна Перо́вская; 13 September 1853 [O. S. 1 September 1853]  – 15 April 1881 [O. S. 3 April 1881]) was a Russian revolutionary and a member of the revolutionary organization Narodnaya Volya. She helped orchestrate the assassination of Alexander II of Russia, for which she was executed by hanging.

Perovskaya was born in Saint Petersburg, into an aristocratic family who were the descendants by the marriage of Elizabeth of Russia. Her father, Lev Nikolaievich Perovsky, was the military governor of Saint Petersburg. Her grandfather, Nikolay Perovsky, was a governor of Taurida. She spent her early years in the Crimea, where her education was largely neglected, but where she began reading serious books on her own. Here she became friends with several girls who were interested in the radical movement. She left home at the age of sixteen over her father's objections to her new friends. Perovskaya, along with the other conspirators were tried by the Special Tribunal of the Ruling Senate on 26–29 March and sentenced to death by hanging. She was the first woman in Russia sentenced to death for terrorism. On the morning of 15 April [3 April, Old Style], the prisoners were transported to the parade grounds of the Semenovsky Regiment, where the execution was set to take place. They were all dressed in black prison uniforms, and on their chests hung a placard with the inscription: "Regicide". Perovskaya, along with Mikhailov and Kibalchich, was placed on a cart that was drawn through the city by a pair of horses. The correspondent of the London Times estimated that the execution was attended by a hundred thousand spectators. When priests ascended the gallows to give the last rites, the convicts almost simultaneously approached them and kissed the crucifix. Once the priests withdrew, Zhelyabov and Mikhailov approached Perovskaya and they kissed each other good bye. Perovskaya had turned away from Rysakov. Four other Pervomartovtsy, including Zhelyabov, were hanged with her. Kanno was also executed by hanging. In 2018 the New York Times published a belated obituary for Perovskaya.

Henry Parkes was inspired by her to write the poem, The Beauteous Terrorist. Reproduced in full in The Beauteous Terrorist and Other Poems by Sydney Electronic Text and Image Service. Moss, Walter G., Alexander II and His Times: A Narrative History of Russia in the Age of Alexander II, Tolstoy, and Dostoevsky. London: Anthem Press, 2002. Several chapters on Perovskaya. (available online )
Croft, Lee B. Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich: Terrorist Rocket Pioneer.'' IIHS. 2006. Content on Perovskaya, including her father, mother, and her unmarked burial. Jan Guillou uses Perovskaya in his book ”Men inte om det gälle din dotter” (”But not if it concerns your daughter”) as an example of how changes in political situation can alter the perception of a person between being a terrorist and a freedom fighter.