Этнический и языковой состав Алжира

Demographics of a country

Arabs make up 73.6% of the population of Algeria, Berbers make up 23.2%, Arabized Berbers make up 3%, and others constitute 0.2%. Phoenicians, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Turks as well as other ethnic groups have contributed to the ethnic makeup and genetic structure of the Algerian population. Descendants of Andalusian refugees are also present in the population of Algiers and other cities. Moreover, Spanish was spoken by these Aragonese and Castillian Morisco descendants deep into the 18th century, and even Catalan was spoken at the same time by Catalan Morisco descendants in the small town of Grish El Oued. The Arab population of Algeria is a result of the inflow of sedentary and nomadic Arab tribes from Arabia since the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in the 7th century with a major wave in the 11th century. The majority of Algerians identify with an Arab based identity due to the 20th century Arab nationalism. The ethnic Berbers are divided into many groups with varying languages. The largest of these are the Kabyles, who live in the Kabylia region east of Algiers, the Chaoui of North East Algeria, the Tuaregs in the southern desert and the Shenwa people of North Algeria. During the colonial period, there was a large (15% in 1960) European population who became known as Pied Noirs. They were primarily of French, Spanish and Italian origin. Almost all of this population left during the war of independence or immediately after its end.

Arabic and Berber serve as both official languages and national languages in Algeria. Algerian Arabic (Algerian Dziriya or Darja) is the language used by the majority of the population. Colloquial Algerian Arabic has many Berber and French loanwords. Although French has no official status, Algeria is the second largest Francophone country in the world in terms of speakers, and French is widely used in government, media (newspapers, radio, local television), and both the education system (from primary school onwards) and academia due to Algeria's colonial history. It can be regarded as the de facto co official language of Algeria. In 2008, 11.2 million Algerians could read and write in French. An Abassa Institute study in April 2000 found that 60% of households could speak and understand French. In recent decades the government has reinforced the study of French and TV programs have reinforced use of the language. Algeria emerged as a bilingual state after 1962. Colloquial Arabic is spoken by about 83% of the population and Berber by 27.4%.

44,758,398 (2023 est.)

0–14 years: 28.78% (male 6,594,512/female 6,286,191)
15–64 years: 64.29% (male 14,607,255/female 14,166,990)
65 years and over: 6.93% (2023 est.) (male 1,475,635/female 1,627,815) (2023 est.)

Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Ahmadi Muslims, Shia Muslims, Ibadi Muslims) <1% (2012 est.)

1.27% (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 139th
1.34% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 71st
1.63% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 63rd
1.7% (2017 est.)

total: 28.9 years. Country comparison to the world: 139th
male: 28.6 years
female: 29.3 years (2020 est.)

2.97 children born/woman (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 49th
2.51 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 68th
2.66 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 64th

18.52 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 78th
21.5 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 74th

4.32 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 207th
4.3 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 205th

0.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 138th
0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 135th
0.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) 0.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0 14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15 64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2023 est.)

urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020 25 est.)

Adult prevalence rate: 0.1%; note no country specific models provided (2001 est.) People living with HIV/AIDS: 21,000 (2007 est.) Deaths: less than 1000 (2007 est.)

Adult prevalence rate: 27.4% (2016 est.)

improved: urban: 99.6% of population rural: 98.8% of population total: 99.4% of population
unimproved: urban: 0.4% of population rural: 1.2% of population total: 0.6% of population (2020 est.)

PopulationNbE1aE1b1aE1b1b1aE1b1b1bE1b1b1cFKJ1J2R1aR1bQStudy 1 Oran10207.85%5.90%45.10%00022.50%4.90%1%11.80%1%Robino et al. (2008) 2 Algiers352.85%011.40%42.85%011.80%2.85%22.85%5.70%000Arredi et al. (2004) 3 Tizi Ouzou1900047.35%10.50%10.50%015.80%0015.80%0Arredi et al. (2004) Total1560.65%5.10%6.40%44.90%1.30%9.58%0.65%21.80%4.50%0.65%9.60%0.65%

In a recent genetic study by Semino et al. (2004), the Haplogroup J1 associated with the diffusion of Arabs was found at 35% in Algeria, which is one of the most common haplogroups in Algeria, like the rest of the Maghreb, along with E1b1b. Recent studies on the common J1 Y chromosome suggest it arrived over 10,000 years ago in North Africa, and M81/E3b2 is a Y chromosome specific to North African ancestry, dating to the Neolithic. A thorough study by Arredi et al. (2004) which analyzed populations from Algeria concludes that the North African pattern of Y chromosomal variation (including both E3b2 and J haplogroups is largely of Neolithic origin, which suggests that the Neolithic transition in this part of the world was accompanied by demic diffusion of Afro Asiatic–speaking pastoralists from the Middle East. This Neolithic origin was later confirmed by Myles et al. (2005) which suggest that "contemporary Berber populations possess the genetic signature of a past migration of pastoralists from the Middle East", although later papers have suggested that this date could have been as longas ten thousand years ago, with the transition from the Oranian to the Capsian culture in North Africa.