Регион Горголь (Мавритания): География, население и социально-экономическое положение.

Region of Mauritania

Gorgol (ولاية كركول) is a region in southern Mauritania. Its capital is Kaédi and the Gorgol River forms parts of the landscape. Other major cities/towns include M'Bout and Maghama. The region borders the Mauritanian regions of Brakna and Assaba to the north, the Mauritanian region of Guidimaka to the south east and Senegal to the south west. The Senegal River runs along the region's border with Senegal. As of 2013, the population of the region was 335,917, compared to 310,656 in 2011. There were 48.23 per cent females and 51.77 per cent males. As of 2008, the activity rate was 48.90 and economic dependency ratio was 1.24. As of 2008, the literacy rate for people aged 15 years and over was 40.50. The local government is headed by an elected district representative, while the elections for the local government are conducted every five years. On account of the political instability, the last elections were held in 2023.

Mauritania is mostly covered with desert, with only its western regions around the coast of Atlantic Ocean having some vegetation. There are some oasis in the desert regions. Since it is a desert, there are large shifting dunes forming temporary ranges. The average elevation is around above the mean sea level. The rainfall in the northern regions closer to the Tropic of Cancer receives around of annual rainfall compared to the southern portions that receives around The average temperature is 37.8 °C (100 °F), while during the night it reaches 0 °C (32 °F). Due to the geography, the inhabitants historically, have been nomadic. In modern times, people have migrated to urban centres during the drought in the 1970s and the early 1980s. There are a few sedentary cultivators, who are located only in the Southern regions of the country. Research has indicated that the Saharan movement has resulted in reduction of rains in the region from the 1960s, when it received close to of rainfall.

As of 2013, the population of the region was 335,917, compared to 310,656 in 2011. There were 48.23 per cent females and 51.77 per cent males. As of 2008, the Couples with children was 46.80 and Couples without children was 3.40. The proportion with extended family was 27.50 per cent and extended single parent was 6.40 per cent, one person was 1.60 per cent, and single parent nuclear was 14.30 per cent. As of 2008, the rate of household confirming the existence of public telephone in their neighbourhood or village was 87.42, rate of households benefiting from electricity post in their neighbourhood was 2.07 per cent, rate of households benefiting from health center or health post in their neighbourhood was 7.90 per cent, and rate of households benefiting from sanitary services was 0.46 per cent.

As of 2013, the coverage rate of DPT3 Children From 0 to 11 months in the region was 80.10 per cent, BGC vaccination was 101.10 and polio vaccination coverage was 77.70. As of 2008, the activity rate was 48.90 and economic dependency ratio was 1.24. The fraction of people working in government was 7.20 per cent, individual / household private was 15.40 per cent, other was 69.60 per cent, para public was 0.70 per cent, and private enterprise was 7.00 per cent. The Grand Total as of 2008 was 578.84. As of 2007, the number of tourist establishments in the region was 3. As of 2008, the literacy rate for people aged 15 years and over was 40.50. The net enrolment ratio of girls for secondary level was 4.70 per cent, net enrolment ratio of boys for secondary level was 6.20 per cent, and Total net enrolment ratio at secondary level was 5.50 per cent.

The local administration is adopted from French local administration framework with a Ministry of Internal Control governing the local bodies. The original administration was held by Governors of each district, but after the municipal elections in 1994, the powers has been decentralized from the district bodies. Mauritania has been divided into 13 wilayas (regions), including the Nouakchott Capital District. The smallest administrative division in the country is the commune and the country has 216 of them. A group of communes form a moughataa (department) and the group of moughataa form a district. There are total of 53 moughataa for the 13 districts in the country. The executive power of the district is vested on a district chief, while it is on hakem for moughataa. Out of the 216 communes, 53 classified as urban and rest 163 are rural. The communes are responsible for overseeing and coordinating development activities and are financed by the state. The Local Governments have their own legal jurisdiction, financial autonomy, an annual budget, staff, and an office. The elections for the local government are conducted every five years along with Regional and Parliamentary elections. On account of the political instability, the last elections were held in 2023. Gorgol is divided into 4 departments, namely, Kaedi, M'Bout, Maghama and Monguel.