Введение
Американский педагог (1841–1934)
Мэри Элизабет Пост (17 июня 1841 – 1934) была американской учительницей и первопроходцем в области образования в Аризоне.
Биография
Родом из Элизабеттауна, штат Нью-Йорк, её отец был плотником, любившим литературу. С ранних лет Пост и её семерых братьев и сестёр учили важности образования и хороших манер в обществе. Желая лучшего будущего для дочери, отец Пост нанял учительницу, которая занималась с ней летом. Будучи способной ученицей, Пост получила свою первую работу учительницей в 1856 году в возрасте 15 лет.
Post applied for a scholarship at the University of Vermont, not knowing that the university did not accept female students. Undaunted by this rejection, she went on to study at the Burlington Female Seminary. In 1863, after graduating from that school, Post relocated with her family to Iowa. In Iowa, Post met and fell in love with a politician who was a rising star in his party. While he was campaigning for an important political position, his political enemies, aware that he was about to win the election, spread a rumor that he was having an affair. While these rumors had no base, Post believed them and, deeply hurt, avoided him for the rest of her life, refusing to speak with him or respond to his letters. Soon after, she accepted a job teaching in Lansing, Iowa. While in Lansing, Post began to investigate her former boyfriend's supposed affair. Despite discovering the truth, she did not apologize to him. Post moved to Arizona City, Arizona (now known as Yuma, Arizona) in 1872. Upon her arrival in Yuma, she was met by Arizona territorial governor Anson P. K. Safford. Only the fifth teacher in Arizona, Post got help from Safford to re open a former saloon and turn it into Arizona's third school. Post was known as a strict rule enforcer in class; for example, if a student missed class Post would go to the student's home and unless the student had a valid excuse not to be in class, would take the student to school herself. Many of her students' parents disliked her practices, and Post was aware of this. She began to win the parents over, however, by ordering trendy uniforms from San Francisco and teaching the students' mothers how to sew. On May 2, 1873, Mary witnessed the hanging of Manuel Fernandez, who had been found guilty of murdering Michael "Rawhide" McCartney, a local salesman. Disillusioned by the act and by the subsequent approval by the Arizona Sentinel, Post decided to relocate to San Diego, California, where she took a job as general vice principal of San Diego's school system. However, only a year later she returned to Arizona City. She and her brother, Albert, shared positions at her new school; Mary supervised the girls while Albert oversaw the boys. Occasionally, Post engaged in creative fundraising for education. Post once convinced a wealthy man to hold a charity horse race that raised $600, which she used to buy school supplies. She also hired Colorado River boat captain Isaac Pulhamus (1828 1922) to organize a beauty contest from which she garnered $500, which were also used for school supplies. After her retirement from teaching at the age of 72, the United States Senate passed a bill which dictated for Post to receive a pension of fifty dollars a month. She was the first teacher in the state to do so. In her retirement, Post operated a small store and pursued her hobby of sewing, going door to door teaching women to sew clothes. Post died of natural causes in 1934, at the age of 93. The "Mary E. Post school" in Yuma is named after her.
Пост подала заявку на стипендию в Университет Вермонта, не зная, что университет не принимает женщин. Не испугавшись отказа, она продолжила обучение в женской семинарии в Берлингтоне. В 1863 году, после окончания семинарии, Пост переехала со своей семьёй в Айову. В Айове Пост встретила и влюбилась в политика, который быстро набирал популярность в своей партии. Во время его предвыборной кампании политические противники, уверенные в его победе, распространили слух о его романе. Несмотря на отсутствие каких-либо оснований для этих слухов, Пост поверила им и, глубоко оскорблённая, избегала его до конца жизни, отказываясь разговаривать с ним или отвечать на его письма. Вскоре после этого она устроилась на работу учительницей в Лансинг, штат Айова. Там Пост начала расследовать предполагаемую связь своего бывшего возлюбленного. Обнаружив правду, она так и не принесла ему извинений. В 1872 году Пост переехала в Аризону-Сити, Аризона (ныне известный как Юма, штат Аризона). По прибытии в Юму её встретил территориальный губернатор Аризоны Ансон П. К. Саффорд. Пост стала пятым учителем в Аризоне и, при поддержке Саффорда, смогла открыть бывший салон и превратить его в третью школу Аризоны. Пост была известна своей строгостью в отношении дисциплины; например, если ученик пропускал занятия, она приходила к нему домой и, если у него не было уважительной причины отсутствовать, сама отводила его в школу. Многие родители её учеников не одобряли её методы, и Пост знала об этом. Однако ей удалось расположить родителей к себе, заказывая модную униформу из Сан-Франциско и обучая матерей учениц шитью. 2 мая 1873 года Мэри стала свидетельницей повешения Мануэля Фернандеса, признанного виновным в убийстве Майкла "Раухайда" Маккартни, местного торговца. Разочарованная этим актом и последующим одобрением со стороны газеты Arizona Sentinel, Пост решила переехать в Сан-Диего, штат Калифорния, где заняла должность заместителя директора школьной системы Сан-Диего. Однако уже через год она вернулась в Аризону-Сити. Она и её брат Альберт работали в её новой школе: Мэри курировала девочек, а Альберт – мальчиков. Время от времени Пост придумывала креативные способы сбора средств для образования. Однажды она убедила богатого человека организовать благотворительные скачки, которые принесли 600 долларов, потраченных на школьные принадлежности. Она также наняла капитана речного судна с реки Колорадо Айзека Пулхамуса (1828–1922) для организации конкурса красоты, который принёс 500 долларов, также потраченных на школьные принадлежности. После выхода на пенсию в возрасте 72 лет Сенат США принял закон, согласно которому Пост должна была получать пенсию в размере пятидесяти долларов в месяц. Она стала первой учительницей в штате, удостоенной такой чести. На пенсии Пост держала небольшой магазин и занималась своим хобби – шитьём, обучая женщин шить одежду на дому. Пост умерла от естественных причин в 1934 году в возрасте 93 лет. Школа Мэри Э. Пост в Юме названа в её честь.
Post applied for a scholarship at the University of Vermont, not knowing that the university did not accept female students. Undaunted by this rejection, she went on to study at the Burlington Female Seminary. In 1863, after graduating from that school, Post relocated with her family to Iowa. In Iowa, Post met and fell in love with a politician who was a rising star in his party. While he was campaigning for an important political position, his political enemies, aware that he was about to win the election, spread a rumor that he was having an affair. While these rumors had no base, Post believed them and, deeply hurt, avoided him for the rest of her life, refusing to speak with him or respond to his letters. Soon after, she accepted a job teaching in Lansing, Iowa. While in Lansing, Post began to investigate her former boyfriend's supposed affair. Despite discovering the truth, she did not apologize to him. Post moved to Arizona City, Arizona (now known as Yuma, Arizona) in 1872. Upon her arrival in Yuma, she was met by Arizona territorial governor Anson P. K. Safford. Only the fifth teacher in Arizona, Post got help from Safford to re open a former saloon and turn it into Arizona's third school. Post was known as a strict rule enforcer in class; for example, if a student missed class Post would go to the student's home and unless the student had a valid excuse not to be in class, would take the student to school herself. Many of her students' parents disliked her practices, and Post was aware of this. She began to win the parents over, however, by ordering trendy uniforms from San Francisco and teaching the students' mothers how to sew. On May 2, 1873, Mary witnessed the hanging of Manuel Fernandez, who had been found guilty of murdering Michael "Rawhide" McCartney, a local salesman. Disillusioned by the act and by the subsequent approval by the Arizona Sentinel, Post decided to relocate to San Diego, California, where she took a job as general vice principal of San Diego's school system. However, only a year later she returned to Arizona City. She and her brother, Albert, shared positions at her new school; Mary supervised the girls while Albert oversaw the boys. Occasionally, Post engaged in creative fundraising for education. Post once convinced a wealthy man to hold a charity horse race that raised $600, which she used to buy school supplies. She also hired Colorado River boat captain Isaac Pulhamus (1828 1922) to organize a beauty contest from which she garnered $500, which were also used for school supplies. After her retirement from teaching at the age of 72, the United States Senate passed a bill which dictated for Post to receive a pension of fifty dollars a month. She was the first teacher in the state to do so. In her retirement, Post operated a small store and pursued her hobby of sewing, going door to door teaching women to sew clothes. Post died of natural causes in 1934, at the age of 93. The "Mary E. Post school" in Yuma is named after her.