Введение
Клавдия Севера (родилась 11 сентября в первом веке, фл. 97–105) была грамотной римской женщиной, женой Элия Брокха, командира неустановленного форта рядом с фортом Виндоланда в северной Англии. Она известна приглашением на день рождения, которое она отправила около 100 года нашей эры Сульпиции Лепидине, жене Флавия Цериалия, командира Виндоланды. Это приглашение, написанное чернилами на тонкой деревянной табличке, было обнаружено в 1970-х годах и, вероятно, является самым известным экспонатом табличек Виндоланды. Первая часть письма написана в официальном стиле, профессиональным почерком, очевидно, писца; последние четыре строки добавлены другим почерком, предположительно принадлежащим Клавдии. Перевод следующий:
Claudia Severa to her Lepidina greetings. On 11 September, sister, for the day of the celebration of my birthday, I give you a warm invitation to make sure that you come to us, to make the day more enjoyable for me by your arrival, if you are present. Give my greetings to your Cerialis. My Aelius and my little son send him their greetings. (2nd hand) I shall expect you, sister. Farewell, sister, my dearest soul, as I hope to prosper, and hail. (Back, 1st hand) To Sulpicia Lepidina, (wife) of Cerialis, from Cl. Severa." The Latin reads as follows:
Cl. Severá Lepidinae [suae] [sa]l[u]temiii Idus Septembres soror ad diemsollemnem natalem meum rogólibenter faciás ut veniasad nos iucundiorem mihi
[diem] interventú tuo facturá siaderisCerial[em t]uum salutá Aelius meus [ ]et filiolus salutant
sperabo te sororvale soror animamea ita valeamkarissima et have
The Vindolanda Tablets also contain a fragment from another letter in Claudia's hand. These two letters are thought to be the oldest extant writing by a woman in Latin found in Britain, or perhaps anywhere. The letters show that correspondence between the two women was frequent and routine, and that they were in the habit of visiting one another, although it is not known at which fort Severa lived. There are several aspects of Severa's letters that should be regarded as literary, even though they were not written for a wide readership. In particular, they share several thematic and stylistic features with other surviving writings in Latin by women from Greek and Roman antiquity.
"Клавдия Севера приветствует Лепидину. 11 сентября, сестра, в день празднования моего дня рождения, я сердечно приглашаю тебя приехать к нам, чтобы твое присутствие сделало этот день для меня более радостным, если ты сможешь. Передай привет твоему Цериалию. Мой Элий и мой маленький сын шлют ему привет. (Вторая рука) Я буду ждать тебя, сестра. Прощай, сестра, моя драгоценнейшая душа, да пребудет с тобой благополучие и процветание. (На обратной стороне, первая рука) Сульпиции Лепидине, (жене) Цериалия, от Кл. Северы." Латинский текст гласит:
Claudia Severa to her Lepidina greetings. On 11 September, sister, for the day of the celebration of my birthday, I give you a warm invitation to make sure that you come to us, to make the day more enjoyable for me by your arrival, if you are present. Give my greetings to your Cerialis. My Aelius and my little son send him their greetings. (2nd hand) I shall expect you, sister. Farewell, sister, my dearest soul, as I hope to prosper, and hail. (Back, 1st hand) To Sulpicia Lepidina, (wife) of Cerialis, from Cl. Severa." The Latin reads as follows:
Cl. Severá Lepidinae [suae] [sa]l[u]temiii Idus Septembres soror ad diemsollemnem natalem meum rogólibenter faciás ut veniasad nos iucundiorem mihi
[diem] interventú tuo facturá siaderisCerial[em t]uum salutá Aelius meus [ ]et filiolus salutant
sperabo te sororvale soror animamea ita valeamkarissima et have
The Vindolanda Tablets also contain a fragment from another letter in Claudia's hand. These two letters are thought to be the oldest extant writing by a woman in Latin found in Britain, or perhaps anywhere. The letters show that correspondence between the two women was frequent and routine, and that they were in the habit of visiting one another, although it is not known at which fort Severa lived. There are several aspects of Severa's letters that should be regarded as literary, even though they were not written for a wide readership. In particular, they share several thematic and stylistic features with other surviving writings in Latin by women from Greek and Roman antiquity.
Cl. Severá Lepidinae [suae] [sa]l[u]temiii Idus Septembres soror ad diemsollemnem natalem meum rogólibenter faciás ut veniasad nos iucundiorem mihi [diem] interventú tuo facturá siaderisCerial[em t]uum salutá Aelius meus [ ]et filiolus salutant sperabo te sororvale soror animamea ita valeamkarissima et have
Claudia Severa to her Lepidina greetings. On 11 September, sister, for the day of the celebration of my birthday, I give you a warm invitation to make sure that you come to us, to make the day more enjoyable for me by your arrival, if you are present. Give my greetings to your Cerialis. My Aelius and my little son send him their greetings. (2nd hand) I shall expect you, sister. Farewell, sister, my dearest soul, as I hope to prosper, and hail. (Back, 1st hand) To Sulpicia Lepidina, (wife) of Cerialis, from Cl. Severa." The Latin reads as follows:
Cl. Severá Lepidinae [suae] [sa]l[u]temiii Idus Septembres soror ad diemsollemnem natalem meum rogólibenter faciás ut veniasad nos iucundiorem mihi
[diem] interventú tuo facturá siaderisCerial[em t]uum salutá Aelius meus [ ]et filiolus salutant
sperabo te sororvale soror animamea ita valeamkarissima et have
The Vindolanda Tablets also contain a fragment from another letter in Claudia's hand. These two letters are thought to be the oldest extant writing by a woman in Latin found in Britain, or perhaps anywhere. The letters show that correspondence between the two women was frequent and routine, and that they were in the habit of visiting one another, although it is not known at which fort Severa lived. There are several aspects of Severa's letters that should be regarded as literary, even though they were not written for a wide readership. In particular, they share several thematic and stylistic features with other surviving writings in Latin by women from Greek and Roman antiquity.
Таблички Виндоланда содержат также фрагмент из другого письма, написанного Клавдией. Эти два письма считаются самыми древними сохранившимися письмами женщины на латыни, найденными в Британии, а возможно, и где-либо еще. Письма свидетельствуют о частой и регулярной переписке между двумя женщинами, а также об их привычке навещать друг друга, хотя неизвестно, в каком именно форте жила Севера. В письмах Северы есть черты, которые следует рассматривать как литературные, несмотря на то, что они не предназначались для широкой аудитории. В частности, они имеют ряд тематических и стилистических сходств с другими сохранившимися латинскими письмами женщин из греческой и римской античности.
Claudia Severa to her Lepidina greetings. On 11 September, sister, for the day of the celebration of my birthday, I give you a warm invitation to make sure that you come to us, to make the day more enjoyable for me by your arrival, if you are present. Give my greetings to your Cerialis. My Aelius and my little son send him their greetings. (2nd hand) I shall expect you, sister. Farewell, sister, my dearest soul, as I hope to prosper, and hail. (Back, 1st hand) To Sulpicia Lepidina, (wife) of Cerialis, from Cl. Severa." The Latin reads as follows:
Cl. Severá Lepidinae [suae] [sa]l[u]temiii Idus Septembres soror ad diemsollemnem natalem meum rogólibenter faciás ut veniasad nos iucundiorem mihi
[diem] interventú tuo facturá siaderisCerial[em t]uum salutá Aelius meus [ ]et filiolus salutant
sperabo te sororvale soror animamea ita valeamkarissima et have
The Vindolanda Tablets also contain a fragment from another letter in Claudia's hand. These two letters are thought to be the oldest extant writing by a woman in Latin found in Britain, or perhaps anywhere. The letters show that correspondence between the two women was frequent and routine, and that they were in the habit of visiting one another, although it is not known at which fort Severa lived. There are several aspects of Severa's letters that should be regarded as literary, even though they were not written for a wide readership. In particular, they share several thematic and stylistic features with other surviving writings in Latin by women from Greek and Roman antiquity.
Показание буквы
В 1986 году приглашение было приобретено Британским музеем, где ему был присвоен регистрационный номер 1986,1001.64. В музее представлена часть табличек из Виндоланды, а некоторые из них находятся в экспозиции музея Виндоланды на правах аренды.