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Введение
Первая многостраничная газета, напечатанная в Америке
First multi page newspaper printed in the Americas
Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick была первой многостраничной газетой, изданной в британской колониальной Америке. После выхода первого номера, содержавшего сообщение, оскорбившего колониального губернатора, британские колониальные власти незамедлительно закрыли газету, всего через несколько дней. Другая газета в колониях не появилась в течение четырнадцати лет.
Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick was the first multi page newspaper published in British colonial America. After its first issue, which carried an account that offended the colonial governor, the newspaper was promptly closed down by British colonial authorities, only days later. No other newspaper would appear in the colonies until fourteen years later.
История
Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick была первой многостраничной газетой, изданной в британских колониях в Америке. До этого в английских колониях издавались одностраничные газеты, называемые брошюрами, которые печатались в Кембридже в 1689 году. Первый номер Publick Occurrences был опубликован 25 сентября 1690 года в Бостоне, тогдашнем городе в Доминионе Новой Англии, и предполагалось, что он будет выходить ежемесячно, "или, если случится обилие новостей, чаще". Ее печатал американец Ричард Пирс из Бостона, а редактировал Бенджамин Харрис, беженец из Англии, который безуспешно пытался учредить там свободную прессу. Газета состояла из четырех страниц с двумя колонками, последняя страница оставалась чистой, чтобы можно было удобно написать письмо о новостях и отправить его члену семьи или другу. Без поддержки парламента или перспективной рекламы Харрис быстро опубликовал то, что оказалось первым и последним номером его газеты. Единственный известный экземпляр хранится в Лондонском архиве государственных записей, где он был обнаружен в 1845 году преподобным Джозефом Б. Фелтом.
Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick was the first multi page newspaper published in the British colonies in America. Before then, single page newspapers, called broadsides, were published in the English colonies and printed in Cambridge in 1689. The first edition of Publick Occurrences was published September 25, 1690, in Boston, then a city in the Dominion of New England, and was intended to be published monthly, "or, if any Glut of Occurrences happen, oftener." It was printed by American Richard Pierce of Boston, and it was edited by Benjamin Harris, who was a refugee from England who had unsuccessfully tried to establish a free press there. The newspaper consisted of four pages , with two columns, with the last page left blank, allowing one to conveniently write a letter about its news that could be sent to another family member or friend. Without Parliamentary support or any prospective advertising, Harris quickly published what would prove to be the first and last issue of his newspaper. The only known copy in existence is housed in the London Public Record office, where it was discovered in 1845 by the Reverend Joseph B. Felt. blockquote| "Whereas some have lately presumed to Print and Disperse a Pamphlet, Entitled, Publick Occurrences, both Forreign and Domestick: Boston, Thursday, Septemb. 25th, 1690. Without the least Privity and Countenance of Authority. The Governour and Council having had the perusal of said Pamphlet, and finding that therein contained Reflections of a very high nature: As also sundry doubtful and uncertain Reports, do hereby manifest and declare their high Resentment and Disallowance of said Pamphlet, and Order that the same be Suppressed and called in; strictly forbidden any person or persons for the future to Set forth any thing in Print without License first obtained from those that are or shall be appointed by the Government to grant the same. "By Order of the Governor and Council,|sign=Isaac Addington, Secr.,Sept. 29, 1690|source=
After the prompt suppression of Publick Occurrences and the subsequent passage of the newspaper and printing licensing law, future prospective publishers were discouraged from establishing new newspapers until 1704, when John Campbell established The Boston News Letter. Campbell diligently made efforts to begin publication of his newspaper under authority, and with the proper license. Remembering the fate of the first newsletter, Campbell was careful not to print anything that could be construed as libelous or that otherwise would offend the Governor and the council; he generally limited himself to the reprinting of material taken from the London Flying Post and The London Gazette.
blockquote "В то время как некоторые недавно взяли на себя смелость печатать и распространять памфлет под названием "Publick Occurrences, both Forreign and Domestick": Бостон, четверг, 25 сентября 1690 года, без малейшего ведома и одобрения властей. Губернатор и Совет, ознакомившись с указанным памфлетом и обнаружив в нем высказывания весьма оскорбительного характера, а также множество сомнительных и неопределенных сообщений, выражают и заявляют о своем глубоком возмущении и неодобрении указанного памфлета и приказывают его подавить и отозвать, строго запрещая любому лицу или лицам в будущем публиковать что-либо в печати без предварительного получения лицензии от тех, кто назначен или будет назначен правительством для ее выдачи." По приказу губернатора и Совета, Айзек Аддингтон, секретарь, 29 сентября 1690 года.
Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick was the first multi page newspaper published in the British colonies in America. Before then, single page newspapers, called broadsides, were published in the English colonies and printed in Cambridge in 1689. The first edition of Publick Occurrences was published September 25, 1690, in Boston, then a city in the Dominion of New England, and was intended to be published monthly, "or, if any Glut of Occurrences happen, oftener." It was printed by American Richard Pierce of Boston, and it was edited by Benjamin Harris, who was a refugee from England who had unsuccessfully tried to establish a free press there. The newspaper consisted of four pages , with two columns, with the last page left blank, allowing one to conveniently write a letter about its news that could be sent to another family member or friend. Without Parliamentary support or any prospective advertising, Harris quickly published what would prove to be the first and last issue of his newspaper. The only known copy in existence is housed in the London Public Record office, where it was discovered in 1845 by the Reverend Joseph B. Felt. blockquote| "Whereas some have lately presumed to Print and Disperse a Pamphlet, Entitled, Publick Occurrences, both Forreign and Domestick: Boston, Thursday, Septemb. 25th, 1690. Without the least Privity and Countenance of Authority. The Governour and Council having had the perusal of said Pamphlet, and finding that therein contained Reflections of a very high nature: As also sundry doubtful and uncertain Reports, do hereby manifest and declare their high Resentment and Disallowance of said Pamphlet, and Order that the same be Suppressed and called in; strictly forbidden any person or persons for the future to Set forth any thing in Print without License first obtained from those that are or shall be appointed by the Government to grant the same. "By Order of the Governor and Council,|sign=Isaac Addington, Secr.,Sept. 29, 1690|source=
After the prompt suppression of Publick Occurrences and the subsequent passage of the newspaper and printing licensing law, future prospective publishers were discouraged from establishing new newspapers until 1704, when John Campbell established The Boston News Letter. Campbell diligently made efforts to begin publication of his newspaper under authority, and with the proper license. Remembering the fate of the first newsletter, Campbell was careful not to print anything that could be construed as libelous or that otherwise would offend the Governor and the council; he generally limited himself to the reprinting of material taken from the London Flying Post and The London Gazette.
После быстрого подавления Publick Occurrences и последующего принятия закона о лицензировании газет и печати, будущие потенциальные издатели были отговорены от учреждения новых газет до 1704 года, когда Джон Кэмпбелл основал The Boston News Letter. Кэмпбелл приложил все усилия, чтобы начать издание своей газеты с разрешения и надлежащей лицензией. Помня о судьбе первого информационного бюллетеня, Кэмпбелл был осторожен, чтобы не печатать ничего, что могло бы быть истолковано как клевета или оскорбить губернатора и Совет; он обычно ограничивался перепечаткой материалов из лондонских Flying Post и The London Gazette.
Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick was the first multi page newspaper published in the British colonies in America. Before then, single page newspapers, called broadsides, were published in the English colonies and printed in Cambridge in 1689. The first edition of Publick Occurrences was published September 25, 1690, in Boston, then a city in the Dominion of New England, and was intended to be published monthly, "or, if any Glut of Occurrences happen, oftener." It was printed by American Richard Pierce of Boston, and it was edited by Benjamin Harris, who was a refugee from England who had unsuccessfully tried to establish a free press there. The newspaper consisted of four pages , with two columns, with the last page left blank, allowing one to conveniently write a letter about its news that could be sent to another family member or friend. Without Parliamentary support or any prospective advertising, Harris quickly published what would prove to be the first and last issue of his newspaper. The only known copy in existence is housed in the London Public Record office, where it was discovered in 1845 by the Reverend Joseph B. Felt. blockquote| "Whereas some have lately presumed to Print and Disperse a Pamphlet, Entitled, Publick Occurrences, both Forreign and Domestick: Boston, Thursday, Septemb. 25th, 1690. Without the least Privity and Countenance of Authority. The Governour and Council having had the perusal of said Pamphlet, and finding that therein contained Reflections of a very high nature: As also sundry doubtful and uncertain Reports, do hereby manifest and declare their high Resentment and Disallowance of said Pamphlet, and Order that the same be Suppressed and called in; strictly forbidden any person or persons for the future to Set forth any thing in Print without License first obtained from those that are or shall be appointed by the Government to grant the same. "By Order of the Governor and Council,|sign=Isaac Addington, Secr.,Sept. 29, 1690|source=
After the prompt suppression of Publick Occurrences and the subsequent passage of the newspaper and printing licensing law, future prospective publishers were discouraged from establishing new newspapers until 1704, when John Campbell established The Boston News Letter. Campbell diligently made efforts to begin publication of his newspaper under authority, and with the proper license. Remembering the fate of the first newsletter, Campbell was careful not to print anything that could be construed as libelous or that otherwise would offend the Governor and the council; he generally limited himself to the reprinting of material taken from the London Flying Post and The London Gazette.