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Введение
Американский религиозный лидер (1883–1975)
American religious leader (1883–1975)
Хью Браун Браун (24 октября 1883 – 2 декабря 1975) был американским юристом, педагогом, писателем и лидером в Церкви Иисуса Христа Святых последних дней. Он был членом Кворума Двенадцати Апостолов и Первого Президентства церкви. Браун родился в штате Юта и был гражданином как США, так и Канады. Браун был одаренным оратором и был хорошо известен тем, что доносил религиозные принципы и наставления через истории из своей жизни. Его внук, Эдвин Б. Фирмедж, отметил: "Обладая одновременно чувством юмора, которое не позволяло ему слишком серьезно относиться к себе, и глубокой духовностью, основанной на истинном смирении перед Богом, он вдохновлял тысячи людей своим классическим ораторским искусством, которого будет очень не хватать".
Hugh Brown Brown (October 24, 1883 – December 2, 1975) was an American attorney, educator, author and leader in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints. He was a member of the church's Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and First Presidency. Born in Utah, Brown held both American and Canadian citizenship. Brown was a talented speaker, and was well known for conveying religious principles and exhortations through accounts of events in his life. His grandson, Edwin B. Firmage, noted: "Possessed at once with a sense of humor that refused him permission to take himself too seriously, and a profound spirituality based on true humility before God, he moved thousands with a style of classic oratory that will be sorely missed."
Ранние годы
Браун родился в Грейнджере, на территории Юты, в семье Гомера Мэнли Брауна и Лидии Джейн Браун. Позже он записал обстоятельства своего рождения: "Утверждается, что я родился в Грейнджере, Юта, 24 октября 1883 года. Я там был, но самого события не помню. Однако моя мать была порядочной женщиной, и я должен ей верить". Они поселились в Альберте, где и родились первые шесть из восьми детей этой пары.
Brown was born in Granger, Utah Territory, to Homer Manley Brown and Lydia Jane Brown. He later recorded the event of his birth: "It is alleged that I was born in Granger, Utah, in 1883, on the 24th of October. I was there but do not remember the event. However, my mother was an honest woman and I must take her word." They settled in Alberta, and the first six of the couple's eight children were born there.
Военная служба
В 1912 году канадские руководители Церкви попросили Брауна отправиться в Калгари и пройти военную подготовку в качестве предварительного этапа к организации отряда Святых последних дней для канадской резервной армии. Резервный кавалерийский отряд был сформирован в 1914 году, с началом Первой мировой войны, и в 1915 году вошел в состав Тринадцатого заморского конного полка. К 1917 году Браун достиг звания майора в канадской армии. Он полагал, что мог бы получить более высокое звание, если бы не предрассудки, которые, по мнению Брауна, существовали в Британской империи по отношению к членам Церкви. Однажды ему сообщили об отказе в повышении; хотя причина не была названа, Браун увидел на столе старшего офицера документ, в котором было указано: «Этот человек – мормон». Браун столкнулся с тем, что он считал другими несправедливостями со стороны военного ведомства, включая принуждение со стороны начальства продать любимую лошадь. Имперская военная служба оказала значительное влияние на Брауна, что отражено в его воспоминаниях о службе в его более поздних трудах, но в конечном итоге он отказался от военной карьеры.
In 1912, Canadian leaders of the Church asked Brown to go to Calgary and take military training preliminary to organizing a Latter day Saint contingent for the Canadian reserves. The reserve cavalry unit was established in 1914, with the outbreak of World War I, and became part of the Thirteenth Overseas Mounted Rifles in 1915. By 1917, Brown had achieved the rank of major in the Canadian military. He believed that he would have attained a higher rank without what Brown perceived as prejudice in the British Empire against the Church members. In one instance, he was told that he was denied further promotion; although the reason was not specified, Brown looked at the papers on the desk of the senior officer that stated, "This man is a Mormon." Brown suffered what he believed were other injustices from the military establishment, including being forced by a superior officer to sell a beloved horse. The imperial military significantly influenced Brown, as shown in accounts of his service in his later writing, but he ultimately turned away from a military career.
Юридическая подготовка
Вернувшись в Канаду, Браун работал ковбоем, фермером и предпринимателем. Он вновь занялся изучением права, которое начал в Юридическом обществе Альберты до военной службы, работая помощником адвоката З. В. Джейкобса в Кардстоне. Браун завершил пятилетнее стажирование, совмещая это с работой на ферме, которую он приобрел недалеко от Кардстона. После успешной сдачи экзамена в Университете Альберты, в 1921 году его приняли в коллегию адвокатов.
After returning to Canada, Brown was employed as a cowboy, a farmer, and a businessman. He renewed an interest in the study of law, which he began at the Law Society of Alberta prior to his military service, by working with Z. W. Jacobs, a Cardston barrister. Brown completed the five year apprenticeship while he was working a farm he had purchased near Cardston. After passing the bar examination at the University of Alberta, he was admitted to the bar in 1921.
Проблемы со здоровьем
Браун страдал от редкого нервного расстройства, называемого невралгией тройничного нерва (ТН), также известной как тиком Дулуро, которое считается одним из самых мучительных заболеваний, известных человечеству. Он испытывал приступы этого состояния с перерывами около 20 лет, начиная с 1926 года. В канун Рождества 1944 года, находясь за границей во время Второй мировой войны, он отправил своей семье трехстраничное эссе, напечатанное на машинке без интервалов, под названием "Непрофессиональный анализ 'Тика Дулуро' глазами пережившего". В письме он выразил желание "навсегда избавиться от этого". В 1945 году Браун перенес операцию по перерезанию тройничного нерва, но приступы возобновились, когда он преподавал в Университете Бригама Янга (BYU) в 1946 году. Позже он снова был прооперирован в клинике Майо, где была полностью удалена часть его нерва, что привело к полному онемению левой стороны его головы на всю оставшуюся жизнь.
Brown suffered from a rare nerve disorder called trigeminal neuralgia (TN), also called Tic Douloureux, which has been called one of the most painful ailments known to mankind. He had the condition attacks intermittently for about 20 years of his life, from 1926. At Christmastime in 1944, while he was overseas during World War II, he sent a three page, typewritten, single spaced essay to his family, "An Unprofessional Analysis of 'Tic Douloureux' by a Surviving Victim." The letter stated that he would "be glad to say goodbye to it forever." Brown had surgery to sever his trigeminal nerve in 1945, but the attacks returned while he was teaching at Brigham Young University (BYU) in 1946. He later underwent surgery again at the Mayo Clinic, where a section of his nerve was completely removed, which made the left side of his head completely numb for the rest of his life.
Церковь ЛСД
В 1921 году Браун был призван президентом новообразованного Стака Летбридж, Альберта, который включал всю территорию Альберты к северу от аэропорта Летбридж и Северо-Западные территории (включая современный Нунавут). В 1927 году Браун и его семья переехали в Солт-Лейк-Сити, штат Юта. Он быстро стал успешным адвокатом и партнером в юридической фирме вместе с Дж. Рубеном Кларком-младшим, Альбертом Э. Боуэном и Престоном Д. Ричардсом. Он сохранил верность Демократической партии США на протяжении всей жизни, что привело к неудачной попытке избраться на политический пост и работе в качестве первого председателя Комиссии по контролю за алкоголем штата Юта с 1935 по 1937 год. Браун был призван президентом Стака Солт-Лейк Гранит. Он служил президентом Британской миссии с 1937 по 1940 год и с 1944 по 1946 год. Это была первая из многих церковных должностей на полный рабочий день, которые принесли ему признание и влияние. В качестве координатора по работе с военнослужащими-святыми последних дней с 1941 по 1945 год Браун много путешествовал по Северной Америке и Западной Европе, фактически выполняя обязанности главного капеллана для тысяч святых последних дней, служивших в американской, британской и армиях стран Содружества; анекдоты, основанные на этом опыте, впоследствии наполняли его проповеди и труды. С 1946 по 1950 год Браун преподавал религию в BYU и также был координатором университета по делам ветеранов. Затем с 1949 по 1953 год он работал старшим сотрудником компании, занимавшейся геологоразведкой нефти в Альберте. О времени, проведенном в Альберте, он позже писал: Изменение в конечном итоге произошло в 1978 году, через три года после смерти Брауна. После кончины Маккея 18 января 1970 года Браун не был оставлен в качестве советника в Первом Президентстве новым президентом Церкви, Джозефом Филдингом Смитом. Лишь однажды в XX веке новый президент Церкви не назначал выжившего члена предыдущего Первого Президентства в качестве советника (Раджер Клоусон). Браун вернулся в качестве члена Кворума Двенадцати Апостолов, где оставался до своей смерти.
Brown was called as president of the newly formed Lethbridge, Alberta, Stake in 1921, which included all of Alberta north of the Lethbridge Airport and the Northwest Territories (including present day Nunavut). Brown and his family moved to Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1927. He quickly became a successful lawyer and a partner in a law firm with J. Reuben Clark, Jr., Albert E. Bowen, and Preston D. Richards. He formed a lifelong allegiance with the US Democratic Party, which led to an unsuccessful run for political office and a term of service as first chairman of Utah's Liquor Control Commission from 1935 to 1937. Brown was called as president of the Salt Lake Granite Stake. Brown served as president of the British Mission from 1937 to 1940 and from 1944 to 1946. It was the first of many full time church positions that brought him admiration and influence. As LDS Servicemen's Coordinator from 1941 to 1945, Brown traveled extensively in North America and western Europe as de facto chief chaplain for the thousands of Latter day Saints in American, British, and Commonwealth uniforms; anecdotes born of that experience punctuated his sermons and writings thereafter. Brown worked as a professor of religion at BYU from 1946 to 1950 and also served as the school's co ordinator of veterans affairs. He then worked as a senior employee with an Alberta oil prospecting firm from 1949 to 1953. Of his time in Alberta, he later wrote: The change ultimately occurred in 1978, three years after Brown's death. After McKay died on January 18, 1970, Brown was not retained as a counselor in the First Presidency by the new church president, Joseph Fielding Smith. Only once before in the 20th century had a new president of the church not called a surviving member of the previous First Presidency as a counselor (Rudger Clawson). Brown returned as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, where he remained until his death.
Смерть
Браун умер в Солт-Лейк-Сити и был похоронен на кладбище Солт-Лейк-Сити. После смерти Брауна Дэвид Б. Хейт был призван заполнить образовавшуюся вакансию в Кворуме Двенадцати Апостолов.
Brown died in Salt Lake City and was buried in Salt Lake City Cemetery. After Brown's death, David B. Haight was called to fill the vacancy in the Quorum of the Twelve.
Семья
Среди детей Хью Б. Брауна и Зины Кард Браун был Хью Кард Браун. Этот сын погиб, служа в армии во время Второй мировой войны.
Among Hugh B. Brown and Zina Card Brown's children was Hugh Card Brown. This son was killed while serving in the military during World War II.
Цитаты
Ощущение родства и соработничества с Богом включает в себя понятие всеобщего братства, и это поможет развить разумную терпимость, открытость ума и жизнерадостный оптимизм. Жизнь – это борьба между страхом и верой, пессимизмом и оптимизмом. Страх и пессимизм сковывают людей скептицизмом и бессмысленностью. Чтобы быть оптимистом в наше время, необходимо чувство юмора. И вам, молодые женщины, пригодится чувство юмора, если вы выйдете замуж за этих молодых людей и попытаетесь с ними жить. Голден Кимбол однажды сказал на конференции: «Самому Господу должно нравиться шутить, иначе Он не создал бы некоторых из вас». Но ваш хороший юмор должен быть искренним, а не наигранным. Пусть ваша улыбка исходит от сердца, и она станет заразительной. Можно встретить на улице людей, чей смех – лишь застывшая ухмылка, в которой ничего нет, кроме зубов. Люди без чувства юмора склонны забывать свои истоки, терять из виду свою цель, и без смазки в механизме их мышления они выбывают из гонки. Линкольн сказал: «Хорошее чувство юмора – это кислород души». А кто-то перефразировал: «Ворчливая птица подхватит заразу».
"A sense of relationship and copartnership with God involves the concept of universal brotherhood and that will help to develop intelligent tolerance, open mindedness, and good natured optimism. Life is really a battle between fear and faith, pessimism and optimism. Fear and pessimism paralyze men with skepticism and futility. One must have a sense of humor to be an optimist in times like these. And you young women will need a sense of humor if you marry these young men and try to live with them. Golden Kimball once said in a conference, 'The Lord Himself must like a joke or he wouldn't have made some of you people.' But your good humor must be real, not simulated. Let your smiles come from the heart and they will become contagious. You may see men on the street any day whose laugh is only a frozen grin with nothing in it but teeth. Men without humor tend to forget their source, lose sight of their goal, and with no lubrication in their mental crankshafts, they must drop out of the race. Lincoln said, 'Good humor is the oxygen of the soul.' And someone paraphrased, 'The surly bird catches the germ.'" "We are grateful in the Church and in this great university that the freedom, dignity and integrity of the individual is basic in Church doctrine as well as in democracy. Here we are free to think and express our opinions. Fear will not stifle thought, as is the case in some areas which have not yet emerged from the Dark Ages. God himself refuses to trammel man's free agency even though its exercise sometimes teaches painful lessons. Both creative science and revealed religion find their fullest and truest expression in the climate of freedom. "I hope that you will develop the questing spirit. Be unafraid of new ideas for they are the stepping stones of progress. You will of course respect the opinions of others but be unafraid to dissent—if you are informed. "Now I have mentioned freedom to express your thoughts, but I caution you that your thoughts and expressions must meet competition in the market place of thought, and in that competition truth will emerge triumphant. Only error needs to fear freedom of expression. Seek truth in all fields, and in that search you will need at least three virtues; courage, zest, and modesty. The ancients put that thought in the form of a prayer. They said, 'From the cowardice that shrinks from new truth, from the laziness that is content with half truth, from the arrogance that thinks it has all truth—O God of truth deliver us'."
Мы благодарны Церкви и этому великому университету за то, что свобода, достоинство и целостность личности являются основополагающими принципами как в церковном учении, так и в демократии. Здесь мы свободны думать и выражать свое мнение. Страх не подавляет мысль, как это происходит в некоторых регионах, которые еще не вышли из мрачного средневековья. Сам Бог не ограничивает свободу воли человека, хотя ее осуществление иногда преподает болезненные уроки. И созидательная наука, и откровение религии находят свое наиболее полное и истинное выражение в атмосфере свободы.
"A sense of relationship and copartnership with God involves the concept of universal brotherhood and that will help to develop intelligent tolerance, open mindedness, and good natured optimism. Life is really a battle between fear and faith, pessimism and optimism. Fear and pessimism paralyze men with skepticism and futility. One must have a sense of humor to be an optimist in times like these. And you young women will need a sense of humor if you marry these young men and try to live with them. Golden Kimball once said in a conference, 'The Lord Himself must like a joke or he wouldn't have made some of you people.' But your good humor must be real, not simulated. Let your smiles come from the heart and they will become contagious. You may see men on the street any day whose laugh is only a frozen grin with nothing in it but teeth. Men without humor tend to forget their source, lose sight of their goal, and with no lubrication in their mental crankshafts, they must drop out of the race. Lincoln said, 'Good humor is the oxygen of the soul.' And someone paraphrased, 'The surly bird catches the germ.'" "We are grateful in the Church and in this great university that the freedom, dignity and integrity of the individual is basic in Church doctrine as well as in democracy. Here we are free to think and express our opinions. Fear will not stifle thought, as is the case in some areas which have not yet emerged from the Dark Ages. God himself refuses to trammel man's free agency even though its exercise sometimes teaches painful lessons. Both creative science and revealed religion find their fullest and truest expression in the climate of freedom. "I hope that you will develop the questing spirit. Be unafraid of new ideas for they are the stepping stones of progress. You will of course respect the opinions of others but be unafraid to dissent—if you are informed. "Now I have mentioned freedom to express your thoughts, but I caution you that your thoughts and expressions must meet competition in the market place of thought, and in that competition truth will emerge triumphant. Only error needs to fear freedom of expression. Seek truth in all fields, and in that search you will need at least three virtues; courage, zest, and modesty. The ancients put that thought in the form of a prayer. They said, 'From the cowardice that shrinks from new truth, from the laziness that is content with half truth, from the arrogance that thinks it has all truth—O God of truth deliver us'."
Я надеюсь, что вы разовьете дух поиска. Не бойтесь новых идей, ведь они – ступени прогресса. Вы, конечно, будете уважать мнения других, но не бойтесь выражать несогласие – если вы хорошо осведомлены.
"A sense of relationship and copartnership with God involves the concept of universal brotherhood and that will help to develop intelligent tolerance, open mindedness, and good natured optimism. Life is really a battle between fear and faith, pessimism and optimism. Fear and pessimism paralyze men with skepticism and futility. One must have a sense of humor to be an optimist in times like these. And you young women will need a sense of humor if you marry these young men and try to live with them. Golden Kimball once said in a conference, 'The Lord Himself must like a joke or he wouldn't have made some of you people.' But your good humor must be real, not simulated. Let your smiles come from the heart and they will become contagious. You may see men on the street any day whose laugh is only a frozen grin with nothing in it but teeth. Men without humor tend to forget their source, lose sight of their goal, and with no lubrication in their mental crankshafts, they must drop out of the race. Lincoln said, 'Good humor is the oxygen of the soul.' And someone paraphrased, 'The surly bird catches the germ.'" "We are grateful in the Church and in this great university that the freedom, dignity and integrity of the individual is basic in Church doctrine as well as in democracy. Here we are free to think and express our opinions. Fear will not stifle thought, as is the case in some areas which have not yet emerged from the Dark Ages. God himself refuses to trammel man's free agency even though its exercise sometimes teaches painful lessons. Both creative science and revealed religion find their fullest and truest expression in the climate of freedom. "I hope that you will develop the questing spirit. Be unafraid of new ideas for they are the stepping stones of progress. You will of course respect the opinions of others but be unafraid to dissent—if you are informed. "Now I have mentioned freedom to express your thoughts, but I caution you that your thoughts and expressions must meet competition in the market place of thought, and in that competition truth will emerge triumphant. Only error needs to fear freedom of expression. Seek truth in all fields, and in that search you will need at least three virtues; courage, zest, and modesty. The ancients put that thought in the form of a prayer. They said, 'From the cowardice that shrinks from new truth, from the laziness that is content with half truth, from the arrogance that thinks it has all truth—O God of truth deliver us'."
Я упомянул о свободе выражать свои мысли, но предостерегаю вас: ваши мысли и высказывания должны выдерживать конкуренцию на рынке идей, и в этой конкуренции истина одержит победу. Только заблуждения должны бояться свободы выражения. Ищите истину во всех областях, и в этом поиске вам понадобятся, как минимум, три добродетели: смелость, увлеченность и скромность. Древние выразили эту мысль в форме молитвы: «О Боже истины, избавь нас от трусости, которая отворачивается от новой истины, от лени, довольствующейся половинной истиной, и от гордости, считающей, что она обладает всей истиной».
"A sense of relationship and copartnership with God involves the concept of universal brotherhood and that will help to develop intelligent tolerance, open mindedness, and good natured optimism. Life is really a battle between fear and faith, pessimism and optimism. Fear and pessimism paralyze men with skepticism and futility. One must have a sense of humor to be an optimist in times like these. And you young women will need a sense of humor if you marry these young men and try to live with them. Golden Kimball once said in a conference, 'The Lord Himself must like a joke or he wouldn't have made some of you people.' But your good humor must be real, not simulated. Let your smiles come from the heart and they will become contagious. You may see men on the street any day whose laugh is only a frozen grin with nothing in it but teeth. Men without humor tend to forget their source, lose sight of their goal, and with no lubrication in their mental crankshafts, they must drop out of the race. Lincoln said, 'Good humor is the oxygen of the soul.' And someone paraphrased, 'The surly bird catches the germ.'" "We are grateful in the Church and in this great university that the freedom, dignity and integrity of the individual is basic in Church doctrine as well as in democracy. Here we are free to think and express our opinions. Fear will not stifle thought, as is the case in some areas which have not yet emerged from the Dark Ages. God himself refuses to trammel man's free agency even though its exercise sometimes teaches painful lessons. Both creative science and revealed religion find their fullest and truest expression in the climate of freedom. "I hope that you will develop the questing spirit. Be unafraid of new ideas for they are the stepping stones of progress. You will of course respect the opinions of others but be unafraid to dissent—if you are informed. "Now I have mentioned freedom to express your thoughts, but I caution you that your thoughts and expressions must meet competition in the market place of thought, and in that competition truth will emerge triumphant. Only error needs to fear freedom of expression. Seek truth in all fields, and in that search you will need at least three virtues; courage, zest, and modesty. The ancients put that thought in the form of a prayer. They said, 'From the cowardice that shrinks from new truth, from the laziness that is content with half truth, from the arrogance that thinks it has all truth—O God of truth deliver us'."
Опубликованные работы
Браун был автором как минимум шести книг, и два сборника его работ были опубликованы.
Brown was the author of at least six books, and two compilations were published of his writings.