История и развитие города Кастлегар

On 5 September 1811, David Thompson arrived in the area of present day Castlegar, and camped near the mouth of the Kootenay River. A plaque dedicated to him is on the east bank of the Columbia River overlooking the town. The area's first settlement was West Waterloo, now known as South Castlegar. With widespread provincial interest in gold prospecting in the late 19th century, by 1895 there were 40 houses in Waterloo. The town boomed until the end of the century when interest in the local mines declined. Castlegar takes its name from Castlegar Estate, the ancestral home of townsite founder Edward Mahon, near Ahascragh in County Galway, Ireland. Around 1902, the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) built the bridge there and laid the wide gauge railway tracks to Trail. They built a boxcar station at the old Waterloo Trail crossing and named it Kinnaird Station in honour of Lord Kinnaird, a CPR shareholder. There was little in Castlegar until after the completion of the CPR bridge. A Mr. Farmer built the first store, housing both the post office and town hall. William Gage built the Castlegar Hotel in 1908, which stood until 1982 when it was destroyed by fire. Also in 1908, the first schoolhouse was built by a few local residents. A dance pavilion, garage, tourist cabins and a slaughterhouse were established by 1925. On 30 October 1946, Castlegar was incorporated into a village; and in 1966, became a town. It amalgamated with neighbouring Kinnaird into a city on 1 January 1974, effectively doubling its population. On 20 May 2004, the city's boundary was extended to include the Blueberry Creek Irrigation District.

Castlegar is in the border area between the Sinixt (Interior Salish) and Ktunaxa Indian bands. Experts cannot agree where one band's range ended and the other's began, as there was much overlapping of cultural and territorial activity between them. Most recent information suggests that the Sinixt were the area's original people, and that the Kootenai arrived several hundred years ago from central Canada. Kp'itl'els was an Indigenous settlement on the north side of the Kootenay River, just above the junction with the Columbia River. Implements such as arrowheads and pestles have been found along the nearby Arrow Lakes. A reconstructed kekuli dwelling was discovered on Zuckerberg Island, at the confluence of the Kootenay and Columbia rivers.

The Doukhobors operated a ferry near Brilliant on the Kootenay River in 1910, and the Christian Community of Universal Brotherhood (CCUB) applied to CPR for a railway station and siding to that point. Brilliant was the centre of the CCUB commercial enterprises, including the Brilliant Jam Factory, a grain elevator, and a flax mill.

+ Panethnic groups in the City of Castlegar (1996−2021)Panethnicgroup20212011200620011996Pop. (Population)% (percentage)Pop. (Population)% (percentage)Pop. (Population)% (percentage)Pop. (Population)% (percentage)Pop. (Population)% (percentage)Pop. (Population)% (percentage) European 6,920 85.86 6,885 88.50 6,900 91.33 6,610 93.63 6,530 94.78 6,500 93.93 Indigenous 550 6.82 415 5.33 345 4.57 275 3.90 215 3.12 190 2.75 South Asian 270 3.35 215 2.76 60 0.79 15 0.21 20 0.29 120 1.73 East Asian 145 1.80 100 1.29 135 1.79 65 0.92 30 0.44 50 0.72 Southeast Asian 100 1.24 50 0.64 55 0.73 35 0.50 55 0.80 10 0.14 African 45 0.56 75 0.96 40 0.53 0 0.00 0 0.00 10 0.14 Latin American 10 0.12 25 0.32 0 0.00 20 0.28 10 0.15 0 0.00 Middle Eastern 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 15 0.21 30 0.44 35 0.51 Other/Multiracial 20 0.25 20 0.26 0 0.00 10 0.14 10 0.15 0 0.00 Total responses 8,060 96.67 7,780 96.78 7,555 96.66 7,060 97.26 6,890 98.40 6,920 98.48 Total population 8,338 100.00 8,039 100.00 7,816 100.00 7,259 100.00 7,002 100.00 7,027 100.00

Castlegar has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) or an inland oceanic climate (Cfb), bordering an inland warm summer mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb). Summers are warm and sunny, with late summer being quite dry, while winters are cool and frequently unsettled. Precipitation peaks in the winter months when the Aleutian Low is strongest, and a range of precipitation is experienced, sometimes in short time periods. Castlegar is wetter than most places in the Southern Interior of BC, and the city receives around 400 mm more precipitation than nearby Kelowna, Penticton and Kamloops (which are in the drier Okanagan region of British Columbia, while Castlegar is in the Kootenay region). The highest temperature ever recorded in Castlegar is on June 30, 2021, which exceeded the previous mark of , recorded on 2 July 1924 and 11 July 1926. The coldest temperature ever recorded was on 30 December 1968. are maintained by the Castlegar Parks and Trails Society. The area attracts retirees and tourists for its summer and winter sports. The Columbia River flows through Castlegar. Along the river to the west are Scotties Marina and Syringa Provincial Park, with boating and camping amenities.

Castlegar's main business street, Columbia Avenue, runs the length of the city. It becomes Highway 22 at its south end, and the Robson Bridge at its north end. Most of Castlegar's local businesses are located there. There are several neighbourhoods in Castlegar, including Downtown, Southridge, Oglow Subdivision, Woodland Park, Grosvenor, Kinnaird, and Blueberry Creek. The city's outskirts include the neighbourhoods of Robson, Robson West, Brilliant, Raspberry, Pass Creek, Ootischenia, Tarrys, Thrums and Genelle.

Castlegar is a transportation hub for its region. In addition to its airport (above), it is at the junction of highways 3A, 3 and 22. Highway 22, known locally as Columbia Avenue, runs the length of the city. At its north end, Columbia meets the Robson Bridge, carrying traffic to the rural suburb of Robson, accessed via Broadwater Road. There is a small highway interchange where the Robson Access Road meets Highway 3A towards Nelson. Highway 3 bisects Castlegar, providing the main access to the Grovesnor area, and crossing the Columbia River at the Kinnaird Bridge, to Ootischenia. Highway 3 and 3A provide routes through Ootischenia, and Highway 22 also connects to Blueberry. To the north, Highway 3A heads to Nelson. To the south, Highway 22 leads to Trail. To its east, Highway 3 leads to Salmo, and to Grand Forks to its west.