Введение

В Лондоне трамваи.
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Трамваи с двигателем

Было несколько ранних попыток запустить трамваи с двигателем на лондонских трамвайных линиях: Джон Грантем впервые испытал экспериментальный 23-футовый паровой трамвай в Лондоне в 1873 году, но отозвал его из-за неудовлетворительных результатов. С 1885 года компания North London Tramways Company эксплуатировала 25 паровых двигателей Merryweather и Dick, Kerr, тянувших длиннобазовые прицепы Falcon Engine & Car Works, до момента ее ликвидации в 1891 году. Хотя несколько городов и приняли паровые трамваи, проблемы, связанные с нагрузкой на пути, ускорением, шумом и мощностью, препятствовали их широкому распространению в Лондоне. В период с 1881 по 1883 год на трамвайной линии Каледонской дороги было испытано небольшое количество трамваев, работающих на сжатом воздухе. В 1884 году для Хайгейт-Хилла была запущена кабельная трамвая – первая в Европе, за которой последовала вторая кабельная линия для подъема трамваев на Брикстон-Хилл до Стритхэма. Обе эти системы были заменены электрическими трамваями в течение 15 лет. Электрическому трамваю потребовалось несколько десятилетий, чтобы утвердиться в Лондоне. После изобретения аккумуляторной батареи, в 1883 году на линии West Metropolitan Tramways между Актоном и Кью был испытан электрический трамвай.

Подземные трамваи

Были планы проложить подземную трамвайную линию между Южным Кенсингтоном и Альберт-холлом, но от них отказались в 1891 году, и вместо этого построили пешеходный переход – метро Южный Кенсингтон. Строительство трамвайного туннеля Kingsway всё же было осуществлено, он начал функционировать в 1902 году, соединяя Theobalds Road и Victoria Embankment. В 1930-х годах арочные туннели были разобраны, чтобы пропустить двухэтажные трамваи. Последний трамвай, использовавший эту систему туннелей, прошёл по ней в ночь с 5 на 6 апреля 1952 года.