Майенн: департамент на западе Франции

Department of France

Mayenne (majɛn) is a landlocked department in northwest France named after the river Mayenne. Mayenne is part of the administrative region of Pays de la Loire and is surrounded by the departments of Manche, Orne, Sarthe, Maine et Loire, and Ille et Vilaine. Mayenne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. The northern two thirds correspond to the western part of the former province of Maine. The southern third of Mayenne corresponds to the northern portion of the old province of Anjou. The inhabitants of the department are called Mayennais. It had a population of 307,062 in 2019.

Like 82 other departments, Mayenne was created on 4 March 1790 during the early stages of the French Revolution by order of the National Constituent Assembly. The new departments were to be uniformly administered and approximately equal to one another in size and population. The former province of Maine was partitioned into two, Upper Maine, centred on Le Mans, became the new department of Sarthe, and Lower Maine, centred on Laval became the new department of Mayenne. Anjou, to the south, being too big to form a single department, was reduced in size and became Maine et Loire. In this partition, Sarthe received the region of La Flèche, and Mayenne received Château Gontier and Craon. Flax was a feature of the Mayenne economy, and the southern limit for the cultivation of flax was used to determine the new border between Mayenne and Maine et Loire. The American first army's 90th Infantry Division were tasked with capturing the town in 1944.

The president of the Departmental Council is Olivier Richefou, elected in 2014.

ElectionWinning CandidateParty%2nd Place CandidateParty% 2022 Emmanuel Macron LREM 64.21 Marine Le Pen FN 35.79 2017 Emmanuel Macron LREM 72.02 Marine Le Pen FN 27.98 2012 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 53.07 François Hollande PS 46.93 2007 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 55.45 Ségolène Royal PS 44.55 2002 Jacques Chirac RPR 59.49 Lionel Jospin PS 40.51

Mayenne has a diversity of habitat types such as forest, heathland, bog and farmland. Some 1445 species of plants, 63 species of mammals, 280 species of birds, 16 species of amphibians and 11 species of reptiles have been recorded, as well as thousands of species of invertebrates. The peat lands and bogs are often fringed with woodlands of alder and ash, and in some places carnivorous plants such as sundew and butterwort flourish, fritillaries, marsh cinquefoil and cottongrass grow and butterflies, dragonflies and spiders abound. The woodlands are mostly small with the deciduous trees dominated by oak. Here roe deer, badger, fire salamander, Aesculapian snake, middle spotted woodpecker, little owl and white admiral can be found and uncommon plants present including European columbine and wild russet apple. Livestock farming predominates, with the breeding of cattle, horses and pigs, and also bee keeping being important. Office furniture is manufactured in Château Gontier, and Laval is active in the industrial sector, with dairy products, electronics and chemicals in a modern science park.