Цунами в Индийском океане 2004 года: последствия и воздействие

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The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami occurred on Sunday, December 26, 2004. The earthquake itself, with a moment magnitude of around 9.1 9.3, devastated Aceh Province, Indonesia, while the tsunami affected countries all around the Indian Ocean. Nations which were affected are listed below in alphabetical order. For detailed information about each country affected by the earthquake and tsunami, see their individual articles. Countries with a smaller number of casualties, as well as those that lost citizens who were travelling abroad, are listed further on in the article.

Two people, a four year old boy and his younger brother, were killed when their boat capsized off the coast of Barisal. Waves struck Kenya causing some minor damage. One person was reported to have drowned at Watamu, near Mombasa. Three killed, six people missing. A major bridge in Victoria was destroyed. One boy died after swimming in the Quinera River at Gonubie, close to East London; an adult dead at Blue Horizon Bay near Port Elizabeth, the furthest point from the epicenter of the earthquake where a tsunami related death was reported. General observations: Ocean level variance two to three meters outside normal reported in KwaZulu Natal and Eastern Cape, and a surge of 1.5 m was observed as far as Struisbaai in the Western Cape, 8500 km from the epicentre of the earthquake. Some steps were taken in South Africa to warn ports and disaster management centers, although full details are not public. Large concrete blocks were uprooted in East London harbor, where boats also broke from their moorings. Boats and cars were submerged at the Algoa Bay Yacht Club in Port Elizabeth harbor. Durban harbor, Africa's busiest general cargo port and home to the largest and busiest container terminal in the Southern Hemisphere, was closed for some time on 27 December because of unusually strong surges across the entrance channel.10 killed, an unknown number of people missing. An oil tanker temporarily ran aground in Dar es Salaam harbor, damaging an oil pipeline. One child killed, 40 fishing boats wrecked on Socotra Island.

Tremors felt along the north western coast, with some minor flooding. Seas off Western Australia reportedly surged between Geraldton (425 km north of Perth) and Busselton (230 km south of Perth); several boats were ripped from their moorings, and a father and son in a boat were washed out to sea, but were later rescued. No direct casualties were reported within Australia. Despite initial worries about Cocos (Keeling) Islands, no casualties were reported. People swimming at Christmas Island were sucked 150m out to sea, but were safely carried back to shore soon thereafter. At roughly 2pm that day, a single wave surged (between 5 and 10 m beyond the normal high water point) on Mullaloo Beach, Perth, briefly startling and engulfing several people. No injuries were reported. Flooding in low lying coastal districts. No reported casualties. Waves, reported variously between 1.6 and 10 metres in height, swept through southeastern coastal areas. Over a thousand locals were displaced. Problems were further exacerbated by the approach of Cyclone Chambo. No reports of casualties; however, a village in the north of the island was completely submerged. Police issued warnings to bathers to stay out of the water, although this had the opposite effect, with crowds thronging the beaches to watch the phenomenon. Speculation is that coral reefs surrounding much of the island protected the coastline. Waves hit coastline; no casualties. Over 200 boats sunk in Réunion; damage to port infrastructure estimated at over €500,000.

Country/Territory Deaths Per million, inhabitants 2 0.05 26 1.17 86 10.30 11 1.02 2 0.01 15 0.59 2 0.12 3 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.23 8 0.76 45 8.32 3 2.24 179 33.40 95 1.45 1 0.22 539 6.75 38 5.69 4 0.89 6 0.93 54 0.66 37 0.35 2 4.00 9 0.96 1 2.38 2 0.03 36 2.22 7 1.61 84 17.30 8 0.09 1 0.34 5 0.38 9 0.31 9 1.80 17 0.41 17 0.40 2 0.04 543 58.10 113 14.40 2 0.09 1 0.01 143 2.40 38 0.15 33 0.17 1 0.01 Total 2,233

Argentina Two Argentinians died in Krabi, Thailand, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Australia 26 Australians (23 in Thailand and three in Sri Lanka) were confirmed to have lost their lives. Earlier fears that several hundred Australians may have died were revised: Australian Federal Police Commissioner Mick Keelty put the likely death toll at between 30 and 100, and other sources said the final number will be about 50. AFL player Troy Broadbridge, who was on his honeymoon with his wife, was confirmed as one of the dead. Australians were asked to observe a minute's silence at 11:59am. Austria 86 Austrians were confirmed dead. 85 died in Thailand and one in Sri Lanka. Belgium 11 Belgian tourists were confirmed killed in Thailand. Brazil The Brazilian diplomat Lys Amayo de Benedek D'Avola and her 10 year old son died in Phi Phi, Thailand. At first, a list of about 300 people who were unaccounted for was put together. One by one, however, all the people were found, either in hospitals, already home or in other countries. Canada 15 Canadians were confirmed dead, as well as another six were left missing. Five of the missing are presumed dead. Chile Two dead. China 3 confirmed dead, 13 injured in Thailand. Colombia An eighteen month old baby was reported dead in Thailand. Croatia A 3 year old girl from Croatia died in Thailand. Czech Republic Seven dead (six in Thailand, one in Sri Lanka); five injured in Thailand. Denmark 45 people dead and 1 listed as missing (as of July 18, 2005). Of the dead, 43 died in Thailand. A young female tourist and a Danish resident died in Sri Lanka. Estonia Three confirmed dead in Thailand. Finland 179 deceased, among them musician Aki Sirkesalo. 177 died in Thailand, 1 in Sri Lanka and 1 in Finland after being severely injured in Thailand. France 95 killed and 189 injured. Germany 539 confirmed dead. Greece One person lightly injured in Phuket, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Hong Kong (PRC) 38 residents were confirmed dead with 2 more missing in Thailand. Hungary Eight persons injured. Ireland Four persons confirmed dead. Israel Six Israelis were killed, one missing from the Thai resort of Phuket, and presumed dead. Italy 54 Italians died in the disaster, mostly in Thailand. About 10,000 to 12,000 Italian citizens were in the region, according to the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Japan 37 confirmed deaths.

Luxembourg A woman and her daughter were confirmed dead. Approximately 400 people were in the affected region according to the government. Malaysia Apart from the casualties on Malaysian soil, there are further 6 Malaysian vacationers confirmed dead and 5 were missing in Phuket, Thailand, 1 was confirmed dead in Sri Lanka, 2 Malaysian students reported dead in Banda Aceh, Indonesia and 10 Malaysians were missing in Chennai, India. 3 Malaysians who were on holiday in Mauritius who were initially reported missing, were found safe. Malta One woman died. Mexico 2 deaths and 1 person missing. Netherlands There are currently 36 confirmed Dutch deaths. The last official victim was identified on August 3, 2005. About 5 people remain unaccounted for in the sense that it is not clear if they were in the disaster area at the time of the tsunami. These are people who had not been in touch with family or friends in the Netherlands for some time before the tsunami, and were filed as "regular missing persons". New Zealand The Foreign Affairs Ministry confirmed 6 New Zealand deaths including an elderly New Zealand born woman, who held Canadian citizenship. Norway 84 people died, among them jazz musician Sigurd Køhn. Philippines Eight people have been reported dead and several were injured, in Phuket, Thailand. Poland According to Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs one Polish tourist died and 12 people were missing. Three people were hospitalised in Phuket and Krabi. The number of Polish tourists in the affected areas was estimated to be around 2,000. Portugal Five reported dead and 4 still missing, from a total of 230 Portuguese thought to be in the region at the time, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Romania The deaths of two Romanian tourists in Phuket, Thailand were initially reported, but they were later found safe. It is estimated that over 20 Romanian tourists were in the affected region, but according to Gaginschi Cristian, representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, there is no evidence that any Romanian citizen was affected by the earthquake. Russia At least 2 died in Phuket, Thailand, and 7 are missing, according to the Russian Embassy. About 800 Russian tourists were in Phuket alone. Around 250 Russian tourists were in Sri Lanka, all of whom are safe.

Singapore 17 dead and 2 missing. South Africa Casualties in South East Asia: 14 South Africans were confirmed dead. All these 14 people died in Phuket or on the Phi Phi Islands, Thailand. By 26 January 2005 the South African Department of International Relations and Cooperation had traced the whereabouts of all 2,896 South Africans who were known to have been in South East Asia at the time of the disaster. This includes those confirmed dead. South Korea The Ministry of Foreign Affairs reported 17 dead and 3 missing. Spain According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2 confirmed dead, both in Khao Lak beach, in Phuket, Thailand. Sweden Sweden was likely the most seriously affected country outside of the disaster area. According to Swedish authorities, some 20,000–30,000 citizens were in the tsunami affected areas at the time, mainly in Thai resorts. 543 persons were reported deceased, and over 1,500 in need of emergency medical help and/or transportation home. 528 bodies had been identified as of May 16, 2006. The Swedish government and especially the minister for foreign affairs Laila Freivalds was heavily criticized for being slow to act. Switzerland Over 2,200 Swiss nationals are estimated to have been in the affected area at the time of disaster. 106 have been confirmed as deceased by the Department of Foreign Affairs, and many more injured; 6 persons are still missing (as of 20 November 2005). Taiwan Three confirmed dead, and many injured. Thirty five fishing boats from Taiwan in Phuket, Thailand, were beached and damaged; sailors suffered minor injuries. Turkey According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey, one Turkish national killed in Phuket, Thailand. A plane, which was sent to Maldives by Turkish government to gather all the Turks in the region, returned with only 13 survivors and AKUT, a well known Turkish search and rescue organisation that was taken there by the plane. Turkish GSM operator Turkcell announced that signals from 2,500 of its subscribers were received in the area, meaning at least 2,500 Turks were present when the disaster occurred. Ukraine According to The Ukrainian Government, 38 citizens died, including a United Nations official. United Kingdom On 26 December over 10,000 British holidaymakers were estimated to have been in the region. There are 149 Britons confirmed dead and 1 missing. United States The US State Department reports 18 dead and 15 missing, presumed dead. Nine died in Sri Lanka and 24 in Thailand. The State Department was working through a list of 18 unaccounted for as of February 8. It is understood that the U. S./UK military installation at the Indian Ocean island of Diego Garcia was unaffected by the disaster. Vietnam One Vietnamese national confirmed dead and three injured in Thailand. Dozens of Vietnamese shopkeepers in the area were affected.