Защитники детей: Некоммерческая организация CASA в США

U. S. non profit organization

Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA) is a national association in the United States that supports and promotes court appointed advocates for abused or neglected children. CASA are volunteers from the community who complete training that has been provided by the state or local CASA office. According to the National CASA Association, there are more than 93,000 volunteers nationwide, serving in 49 states and the District of Columbia. North Dakota is the only state without a CASA program. Each year more than a quarter of a million children are assisted through CASA services.

In 1977, Seattle Superior Court Judge David Soukup was faced with making decisions on behalf of abused and neglected children with only the information provided by the state Child Protective Services. Soukup formulated the idea that volunteers could be dedicated to a case and speak for children's best interests. Fifty volunteers responded to his idea, which started a movement to provide better representation for abused and neglected children throughout the United States. By 2007, the National CASA Association had served 2 million children nationwide.

Since its founding, CASA programming has grown to cover 49 U. S. states and the District of Columbia. Some state and local agencies receive government funding, while others do not. The National CASA agency relies on pass thru grants from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention as well as partnerships with non profit organizations, philanthropic corporations, and community action groups. CASA are generally appointed at the first hearing for the welfare of a child. In some states, a child will be assigned a lawyer as guardian ad litem (GAL) to represent the child in court. The GAL can double as a CASA, and in some situations, a child will be assigned both a CASA and a GAL.

CASA are volunteers from the community who complete training that has been provided by the state or local CASA office. The training consists of a minimum of 30 hours classroom instruction, court observation, and continued training each year. CASA must also pass a criminal background check. Each state develops its own program, implementing the national training and program standards. There are no educational requirements that CASA volunteers must meet, other than completing the training. One law review article has found "structural racism" in CASA programs whereby volunteers overwhelmingly come from white and middle class backgrounds but are sent to investigate families that are disproportionately nonwhite and poor.