Эсминец «Николсон»: История службы

O'Brien class destroyer

USS Nicholson (Destroyer No. 52/DD 52) was an built for the United States Navy before the American entry into World War I. The ship was the second U. S. Navy vessel named in honor of five members of the Nicholson family who rendered distinguished service in the American Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the American Civil War: brothers James, Samuel, and John Nicholson; William Nicholson, son of John; and James W. Nicholson, grandson of Samuel. Nicholson was laid down by William Cramp & Sons of Philadelphia in September 1913 and launched in August 1914. The ship was a little more than 305 feet (93 m) in length, just over 31 feet (9 m) abeam, and had a standard displacement of She was armed with four guns and had eight 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes. Nicholson was powered by a pair of steam turbines that propelled her at up to
After her April 1915 commissioning, Nicholson sailed off the east coast and in the Caribbean. After the United States entered World War I in April 1917, Nicholson was sent overseas to patrol the Irish Sea out of Queenstown, Ireland. In October 1917, Nicholson steamed to the rescue of , driving off German submarine , which had shelled the American cargo ship for over three hours. In November, Nicholson and another US destroyer, Fanning, were responsible for sinking German submarine , the first submarine taken by US forces during the war. In September 1918, Nicholson helped drive off after that U boat had torpedoed the American troopship Mount Vernon off the coast of France. Upon returning to the United States after the war, Nicholson was placed in reduced commission in November 1919. She was decommissioned at Philadelphia in May 1922. She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register in January 1936 and sold for scrapping in June.

Nicholson was authorized in March 1913 as the second of six ships of the , which was an improved version of the s authorized in 1911. Construction of the vessel was awarded to William Cramp & Sons of Philadelphia which laid down her keel on 8 September 1913, the same date as of sister ship O'Brien. On 19 August 1914, Nicholson was launched by sponsor Mrs. Charles T. Taylor. The ship was the second US Navy ship named after five members of the Nicholson family who gave distinguished service in the American Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the American Civil War. They were brothers James Nicholson, the senior Continental Navy Captain; Samuel Nicholson, the first captain of Constitution; and John Nicholson; Also honored were William Nicholson, son of John; and James W. Nicholson, grandson of Samuel. Nicholsons main battery consisted of four /50 caliber Mark 9 guns, with each gun weighing in excess of Cushing, O'Brien, and Sampson. The destroyers arrived at Queenstown, Ireland, 24 May for duty in the war zone. J. L. Luckenbach was equipped with guns of her own, but they were outranged by the pair of deck guns on her attacker, U 62. By the time Nicholson arrived on the scene at about 1230, U 62 had been shelling J. L. Luckenbach for over three hours. Despite many rounds fired, only about a dozen had hit the American steamer; some of the hits, however, had ignited J. L. Luckenbachs cargo of cotton. Nicholson trained her guns on the U boat and, by the time her gunners had fired a second round, U 62 submerged and disappeared. The destroyer transferred a damage control party aboard J. L. Luckenbach which helped extinguish the fire and repair some of the damages to the ship. A few hours later, J. L. Luckenbach and Nicholson joined and rejoined the convoy, respectively. and her group had joined the eastbound convoy OQ 20 on the afternoon of 17 November. At about 1615, Fanning was steaming to her position at the rear of the eight ship convoy when her lookouts spotted a periscope just ahead. The periscope belonged to U 58 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Gustav Amberger, who was lining up a torpedo shot on the British steamer SS Welshman. The two depth charges knocked out the electric motor that powered U 58s diving planes, making the vessel unmanageable. U 58 broached the surface momentarily and Fanning dropped another trio of depth charges over the submarine. These three knocked out all electrical power and the manual diving plane controls, which caused the submarine to descend through a depth of 164 feet (50 m). Amberger ordered the ballast tanks blown and the submarine slowly rose to the surface, stabilizing on the surface with her bow pointing down. and Fanning and Nicholson shared credit for what The Washington Post in a contemporary news account called the "first U Boat prize of the U. S." during the war; later works still credit the pair of destroyers with the US Navy's first U Boat kill. On the morning of 5 September, about west of Brest, Nicholson, Conner, Winslow, and Wainwright, all depth charged the U boat without success, Mount Vernon safely made it back to Brest with the loss of 37 crewmen out of the 1,450 passengers and crew on board.

Following the signing of the Armistice on 11 November, which ended all fighting, Nicholson remained in French waters. After arriving at New York on 10 January 1919, Nicholson resumed operations along the east coast until placed in reserve at Philadelphia on 27 November. In July 1920, she was assigned the hull code of DD 52 under the US Navy's alphanumeric classification system. In May 1921, Nicholson was reactivated with a reduced complement. She remained active for about a year, until she was decommissioned at Philadelphia on 26 May 1922. The ship was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 7 January 1936, and on 30 June was sold for scrapping.