Гигантская улитка-трубач: описание и особенности Triplofusus giganteus

Species of tulip snail the horse conch
Speciesbox
|image = Pleuroploca gigantea. jpg
|image caption = In situ, note the orange soft parts
|genus = Triplofusus
|species = giganteus
|authority = (Kiener, 1840)
|synonyms ref = On average, it weighs over 11 pounds. Although known as a horse conch, this is not a true conch, as it is not in the family Strombidae. With a shell length that can reach 60 cm, this species is the largest gastropod in United States waters, and one of the largest gastropods in the world.

Triplofusus giganteus was named by Louis Charles Kiener in 1840, originally as Fasciolaria gigantea. The species was subsequently assigned to Pleuroploca. The genus name Triplofusus was proposed for it in 1953. T. giganteus has also been known by the name Fasciolaria papillosa, which was named by George Brettingham Sowerby I in 1825, but it is impossible to confirm what species this name originally applied to, due to the brevity of the original description and loss of the type specimen.

This large sea snail is found along the Atlantic coast of the Americas from the U. S. state of North Carolina to the north, to Yucatán in the Gulf of Mexico to the south. T. giganteus rarely eats bivalves, even when they are readily available, with the exception of pen shells in the genus Atrina, which can comprise 20% of its diet. It has been observed (in an aquarium setting) to eat small hermit crabs of the species Clibanarius vittatus. Cannibalism has been documented in captive T. giganteus, but only seems to occur in individuals that have been deprived of sufficient food.

Female T. giganteus probably attain reproductive maturity at an age of six or seven years and shell length of 200 to 250 mm. In a single spawning event, a female can lay up to 400 egg capsules, each of which can contain 70 offspring. However, spawning events are infrequent and individuals probably only live a few years after attaining reproductive maturity.

T. giganteus are commonly eaten by tiger sharks.

Parasites of Triplofusus giganteus include trematode Lophotaspis vallei.

The U. S. state of Florida declared it the state seashell in 1969. The shell is popular with shell collectors partly because of its great size.

In classic Mayan art, the Horse Conch is shown being utilised in many ways including as paint and ink holders for elite scribes, and also as a bugle or trumpet. In southern Florida, Native Americans, including the Calusa and Tequesta, used the horse conch to make several types of artifact. The whole shell, or more commonly only the columella, was attached to a wooden handle and used as a hammer or woodworking tool. The body whorl was used as a drinking cup. The columella was also used to make plummets or sinkers.

Populations of T. giganteus are in decline, and because of the rarity of their spawning events they are vulnerable to population collapse.

Rosenberg, G. 1992. Encyclopedia of Seashells. Dorset: New York. 224 pp. page(s): 91