Университет Филиппин Манила: История и современность

Public university in Manila, Philippines

The University of the Philippines Manila (UPM; ) is a public, coeducational, research university located in Ermita, Manila, Philippines. It is known for being the country's center of excellence in the health sciences, including health professional education, training, and research. It is the oldest of eight constituent universities of the University of the Philippines System, and predates the founding of UP by three years. It was originally established on December 1, 1905, as the Philippine Medical School and later renamed as the UP College of Medicine and Surgery on June 10, 1907. In 1983 it was renamed as University of the Philippines Manila. UP Manila administers and operates the Philippine General Hospital, the largest medical center and the national referral center for health in the Philippines. The university is the home of the National Institutes of Health. This section led early testing for COVID 19. It continues to conduct health research in various fields.

On December 1, 1905, the Philippine Medical School was established under Commonwealth Act No. 1415. It opened on June 10, 1907, and was housed at the School for the Deaf and Blind located on Malecon Drive (now Bonifacio Drive). On June 18, 1908, the Philippine Assembly passed the Act No. 1870, also known as the University Charter, marking the birth of the University of the Philippines. The Act renamed the Philippine Medical School as the University of the Philippines College of Medicine and Surgery. The control and management of the medical school was entrusted to the University of the Philippines Board of Regents on December 8, 1910. Its name was shortened to the University of the Philippines College of Medicine on March 1, 1923. UP opened its doors in 1909 with the School of Fine Arts, the College of Liberal Arts, College of Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Engineering and the College of Law. It also operates the UP College of Agriculture in Los Baños, Laguna. These schools and colleges, established on different locations, were transferred to the UP Campus along Pedro Gil Street, Ermita, Manila on July 1, 1910, except for the College of Agriculture. In 1907, the US government passed a law establishing the Philippine General Hospital (PGH). It was founded by Dean C. Worcester, an American who was a member of the United States Philippine Commission. On September 1, 1910, the 350 bed capacity hospital was opened to the public for health care delivery and clinical instruction and training of medical students. Dr. Paul Freer served as its first Medical School Dean until 1912. On February 5, 1915, the Philippine Legislative Act No. 2467 reorganized the Training School for Nurses into the PGH School of Nursing and established it as a department of PGH. A few years later, in 1914, 1915 and 1927, the School of Pharmacy, Department of Dentistry and the School of Public Health were created, respectively, under the UP College of Medicine. These units eventually became full fledged degree granting units in 1935, 1948, and 1932, respectively.

The university was destroyed during the Battle of Manila in 1945. However, the College of Medicine under then Dean, Dr. Antonio G. Sison, and PGH were still able to fulfill their mandate of attending to the injured and the sick. On December 15, 1948, much the university transferred to its sprawling 493 hectare campus in Diliman, Quezon City. Three units, Medicine, Dentistry and Public Health, were left behind in the war torn UP Campus in Manila. On the 40th anniversary of the University of the Philippines in 1949, the original Oblation was transferred to UP's Diliman Campus in Quezon City from its original site along Padre Faura Street in Manila as a symbol of transfer of administrative seat. In April 1948, the UP College of Nursing, which established in the Diliman Campus, instituted the first baccalaureate program in Nursing in the Philippines. More academic units were established in the 1960s. These included the School of Allied Medical Professions (1962), housed then at the National Orthopedic Hospital (now called the Philippine Orthopedic Center), and the Philippine Eye Research Institute in 1965.

With the clamor to meet the health science education needs of the growing population, a Health Sciences Center within the University of the Philippines was created through the passage of RA 5163 on June 17, 1967. It was mandated to seek and emphasize the highest standards of training and research in the various health sciences. However, the Center at the Diliman Campus did not materialize due to fiscal constraints. In 1972, the UP College Manila was instituted as the first extension unit to offer liberal arts courses. Thereafter, UP was reorganized into the University of the Philippines System to effect institutional unity, while allowing decentralization of authority and autonomy of the component units through Presidential Decree No. 58, promulgated on November 20, 1972, under the administration of President Ferdinand E. Marcos. It was approved by the Board of Regents at its 828th meeting on November 21, 1972, and was implemented on January 1, 1973. The UP Health Sciences Center became an autonomous component of the UP System through Executive Order No. 519 dated January 24, 1979. At that time, the center was composed of the College of Medicine, College of Pharmacy, College of Dentistry, Institute of Public Health (now the College of Public Health), School of Allied Medical Professions (now the College of Allied Medical Professions), Philippine General Hospital, UP Health Service, Philippine Eye Referral
Institute (renamed as the Institute of Ophthalmology), National Teacher Training Center for the Health Professions, Comprehensive Community Health Program, and the Anesthesiology Center Western Pacific. The last two units have since been abolished.

Through Executive Order No. 4, issued by then UP President Edgardo Angara on October 22, 1982, the UP Health Sciences Center was renamed as the University of the Philippines Manila and it became the second autonomous unit of the UP System. The College of Nursing and the College of Pharmacy located in UP Diliman were transferred to the UP Manila, where they joined the rest of the health science units. On December 21, 1983, UPM underwent its first reorganization through Executive Order No. 11 integrating the UP Health Sciences Center and the College of Arts and Sciences (formerly called UP College Manila). The Board of Regents approved the second reorganization of the UP Manila at its 1007th and 1008th meetings on December 21, 1987, and February 11, 1988, respectively. This reorganization transformed and crystallized UP Manila's philosophy, mission, organizational structure, governance and academic programs to what they are today. In 1989, the Institute of Health Sciences which used to be an extension unit of the College of Medicine, was transformed into the School of Health Sciences and became an independent unit.

Since 2001, the College of Medicine and the College of Nursing are recognized as Centers of Excellence by the Commission on Higher Education. The Tejada family also has to pay the loan Kristel had taken for her first semester tuition. This event led to numerous student protests nationwide, mostly coming from the state universities and colleges, and the students from the UP System. The university was later pressured to lift its "no late payment" policy on tuition. During the COVID 19 pandemic, UP Manila became fundamental to the country's primary healthcare response. In March 2020, the UPM National Institutes of Health was designated COVID testing center and started COVID testing through its locally produced SARS CoV 2 PCR Detection Kit. Later that month, the Department of Health assigned the Philippine General Hospital as COVID 19 referral center for Metro Manila. To make room for COVID patient wards, PGH temporarily suspended outpatient and elective surgery services and offered teleconsultations instead. The hospital, which already lacked spaces for patients, suffered patient overcrowding while it remained understaffed. Through the years, PGH workers also protested against low salaries, job contracting, delayed hazard pay and COVID 19 benefits, insufficient equipment, and budget cuts. In March 2021, the first official COVID 19 vaccine in the Philippines was administered at PGH to its director, Dr. Gerardo Legaspi.

The University of the Philippines Manila is situated in the bustling area of Ermita, Manila. Its campus This was followed by the construction of the University Hall (now Department of Justice) and Rizal Hall in the Padre Faura Street, both used by most UP colleges and executive offices before the World War II. In 2013, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) declared several sites within the campus as heritage zones and were listed in the National Registry of Historic Sites and Structures in the Philippines. The maintenance and planning for campus buildings are provided by the UP Manila Campus Planning, Development and Maintenance Office (CPDMO) It manages the creation of spaces that support and enhance teaching, research, and public service activities of UP Manila. It is also tasked to recover the lots and heritage buildings that belongs to the university which are now occupied by the National Bureau of Investigation, Court of Appeals, Department of Justice, and the Supreme Court of the Philippines. The Supreme Court has announced its plans to vacate its UP Campus site in Manila and move to the Bonifacio Capital District in Taguig with the Court of Appeals upon the completion of their new state of the art building. The Department of Justice is also slated to move to New Clark City. CPDMO is located on the former UP College of Dentistry Annex Building, which was constructed in the 1960s.

The UP Manila University Library and its nine college based units compose the campus's library network, and as of October 2000 the library has a total collection of 189,874 volumes, including videos, sound recordings, and photographs. Since 1995, the University Library was a member of the Department of Science and Technology – Engineering, Science and Education Library Network Project. The UP College Medicine Library, officially as the Dr. Florentino B. Herrera, Jr. Medical Library, is a center for the study of medical and clinical sciences, and its collections are particularly strong in the subjects of basic and clinical biomedical subjects. It occupies the building adjacent to the University Library. Both library buildings were permanently closed in 2016, after they were endangered when the foundation of the nearby under construction UP College of Medicine Academic Center sank. Both buildings are now slated for demolition and will be replaced with a new University Library Building. On October 22, 2014, the university inaugurated the UP Manila Museum of a History of Ideas. The museum showcases the contributions of the University of the Philippines to the critical imagination that shaped the Philippines as a nation in the early 20th century. It was opened to the public on December 2, 2014. Aside from the main campus, UPM operates on other regional locations. The UP Manila School of Health Sciences operates on four campuses located throughout the Philippines. Its main campus was the UPM SHS Palo Campus in Palo, Leyte. The other three campuses are the UPM SHS Baler, Aurora Extension Campus in Luzon, the UPM SHS Koronadal City Campus in Mindanao, and the UPM SHS Tarlac City Extension campus. The Philippine General Hospital has also several planned expansions beyond its Manila headquarters. In 2019, a PGH polyclinic named the Philippine General Hospital Satellite for Sports Medicine and Wellness (PGH SSMW) was opened to serve the 2019 Southeast Asian Games. The university also aims to build PGH branches in Los Baños and Diliman to build a hospital network to service UP constituents. However, the construction of PGH Diliman is facing scrutiny due to its impact to a protected forest area and its prioritization over upgrade of the current Manila facility.

UP Manila offers 79 health related undergraduate and graduate programs in nine degree granting units. The university's academic units are broadly organized into seven colleges, the National Teacher Training Center for Health Professions, and the School of Health Sciences. The Philippine General Hospital and National Institutes of Health also form part of the university as training and research centers. As the leading institution for medical education and research, UP Manila is regarded as the National Health Sciences Center of the Philippines and designated as one of the four pillars of the Metro Manila Health Research and Development Consortium. UP Manila develops programs that serve as models and benchmarks of health education and health care in the Philippines. Many of the pioneering curricular programs are offered only in the university even until now, such as the seven year Integrated Arts and Medicine (INTARMED) Program, MS in Medical Informatics, MS in bioethics, Master of Rehabilitation Science, MS in Clinical Audiology, and MA in Health Policy Studies. The university also offered the first baccalaureate programs in nursing, organizational communication, and public health in the Philippines. Moreover, the UPM School of Health Sciences offers the first stepladder health sciences curriculum in Asia that allows students to take integrated courses on community health work, midwifery, nursing, and community medicine towards a Doctor of Medicine degree. Its community oriented programs have been lauded worldwide for directly admitting scholars from targeted poor communities in need of health professionals. UP Manila units are also nationally and internationally recognized. The College of Medicine and the College of Nursing has been recognized by the Commission on Higher Education as National Centers of Excellence since 2001. The College of Public Health also hosts the SEAMEO Tropmed Regional Centre for Public Health, Hospital Administration, Environmental and Occupational Health.

UP Manila is recognized as one of the top higher education institutions in the country and the region. The Center for World University Ranking (CWUR) ranks UPM as second among all Philippine universities and 1,648th worldwide. Its Clinical, Pre Clinical, and Health subjects were also ranked 126 150th in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings while the life sciences and medicine programs of the University of the Philippines System placed 394th in the QS World University Rankings by Subject Area. The excellence of UP Manila's health science programs is further proven by the consistent 100% passing of its graduates in nearly all health licensure examinations every year and their placement in the top 10/20 posts of each exam. UP Manila consistently achieves the highest national passing rate among all health universities and colleges in the country, a feat which has been recognized many times by the Professional Regulation Commission. UPM has been distinguished as top performing school in medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, and rehabilitation
sciences licensure examinations.

UP Manila is a part on the University Belt, a de facto sub district of the City of Manila where there is a high concentration or a cluster of colleges and universities.

Students of UP Manila are known for their activism, since the Supreme Court of the Philippines, the Court of Appeals, and the Department of Justice are located within its grounds. The university has plenty of student groups focused on political change. It also has a variety of partisan groups ranging from liberal to conservative, and several third party organizations.

University of the Philippines ManilaChancellors Name Tenure of office Conrado Ll. Lorenzo, Jr. 1984 1987 Ernesto O. Domingo 1987–1993 Perla D. Santos Ocampo 1993 1999 Alfredo T. Ramirez 1999 2002 Marita V. T. Reyes 2002 2005 Ramon L. Arcadio 2005–2011 Manuel B. Agulto 2011–2014 Carmencita M. David Padilla 2014–2023Michael L. Tee2023 present References

The university has produced remarkable alumni in their respective fields. The 10th and current chancellor of the university is Dr. Michael L. Tee, who succeeded Dr. Carmencita M. Padilla, a National Scientist, in 2023.

Notable people from UP Manila include Elpidio Quirino, the sixth President of the Philippines, who graduated from the university with a law degree in 1915. Fe del Mundo, a pediatrician, was known as the first woman to be admitted as a student in Harvard Medical School, and was the founder of the first pediatric hospital in the Philippines. She graduated from the university in 1933 as valedictorian of her class. In 1924, Alejandro Melchor, who served as a Secretary of National Defense, obtained his civil engineering degree with the highest honors at that time when the UP College of Engineering was still based in Manila. Other notable UP Manila alumni includes Martino Abellana, a renowned Cebuano painter, and Trinidad Tarrosa Subido, a linguist and poet.

Political figures who were graduates of UP Manila include Jinggoy Estrada, a Philippine Senator, and Enrique Manalo, who served as the Undersecretary for Policy of the Department of Foreign Affairs. Revolutionary leader Nur Misuari was also a graduate of UP Manila, who obtained his political science degree in 1962. UP Manila alumni who served in the field of medical and health profession include three Secretaries of the Department of Health: Juan Flavier (1992 1995), who also served as a Senator from 1995 to 2007, Esperanza Cabral (2009 2010), and Enrique Ona (2010 to 2014). Americans who graduated from UP Manila include two Brigadier General of the United States Air Force: Van N. Backman who obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1955, and Patricia C. Lewis, who earned her master's degree from the university in 1977. Ernesto Domingo, a National Scientist of the Philippines, also graduated from the university. Alfredo Bengzon, the President and CEO of The Medical City obtained his doctor of medicine degree from the university. UPM alumni in academia include Paulo Campos, who was known for his work on nuclear medicine, Luciano P. R. Santiago, and Gregorio F. Zaide. The latter two are multi awarded historians. In film, entertainment, and television, UPM is represented by comedian actress Maricel Laxa, and Vinci Montaner, a founding member of the band Parokya ni Edgar. Other prominent graduates include Victoria Tauli Corpuz, an international activist for Igorot ethnicity and Norman King, the first Aeta graduate of the entire university system. Some people, such as Diosdado Macapagal, the 9th Philippine President, Paz Latorena, a writer, and Grace Poe, a senator, attended UPM but did not graduate. Internationally recognized actor Elijah Canlas is currently taking BA Philippine Arts at the university.