Введение
В течение своей жизни Людвиг ван Бетховен (1770–1827) поддерживал отношения со многими своими музыкальными современниками. Бетховен был известен своим вспыльчивым характером, эксцентричностью и сложностью в общении; история его многочисленных отношений полна споров, недопониманий и примирений. У Бетховена были известные разногласия с его бывшими учителями, Йозефом Гайдном и Антонио Сальери, с пианистом-виртуозом и композитором Иоганном Непомуком Гуммелем, немецким композитором Карлом Марией фон Вебером и итальянским скрипачом Никколо Паганини. В то же время, он положительно отзывался о Франце Шуберте, высоко оценивая его произведения.
During the course of his lifetime, Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) established relationships with many of his musical contemporaries. Beethoven was notoriously temperamental, eccentric and difficult to get along with; the history of his many relationships is replete with arguments, misunderstandings, and reconciliations. Beethoven had well known quarrels with his one time teachers, Joseph Haydn and Antonio Salieri, with the piano virtuoso and composer Johann Nepomuk Hummel, the German composer Carl Maria von Weber and the Italian violinist Niccolò Paganini. Conversely, he regarded Franz Schubert positively, praising the latter's compositions.
Луиджи Черубини
Бетховен встретился с композитором Луиджи Керубини во время его поездки в Вену в 1805 году. Керубини, долгое время живший в Париже, был приглашен поставить свою оперу «Дни опасности» (или «Водоносы») после успеха его оперы «Лодоиска» 1791 года, которую Эммануэль Шиканедер поставил 23 марта 1803 года в театре «Ан дер Вин». Время, проведенное Керубини в Вене, в целом было для него неблагоприятным, но у него была возможность встретиться с Бетховеном. Керубини присутствовал на первых представлениях оперы Бетховена «Фиделио», на которую он отреагировал с презрением. Он также описал игру Бетховена на фортепиано как «грубую», а самого Бетховена – как «неотесанного медвежонка». Несмотря на это, Бетховен называл Керубини величайшим современным композитором, за исключением себя самого.
Иоганн Вольфганг фон Гёте
Бетховен уже читал и восхищался произведениями Иоганна Вольфганга фон Гёте в своей юности в Бонне, задолго до их первой встречи в 1812 году. Его первые музыкальные обработки стихов Гёте появились около 1790 года. Весной 1811 года Бетховен сообщил Гёте о своей музыке к «Эгмонту» в письме, написав следующее: «Я могу обратиться к вам лишь с величайшим почтением и с невыразимо глубоким чувством к вашим великолепным творениям». К тому времени он уже положил на музыку 18 текстов Гёте, и еще два должны были быть обработаны. Таким образом, Гёте занимает особое место в вокальном творчестве Бетховена. В 1812 году Бетховен встретился с Гёте в Теплице, и, возможно, апокрифический рассказ Беттины фон Арним описывает, как Бетховен отказался кланяться прибывшей королевской семье, что вызвало недоумение у Гёте.
Джозеф Хайдн
Возможно, самым важным отношением в ранней жизни Бетховена, и безусловно самым известным, было обучение молодого пианиста под руководством австрийского композитора Йозефа Гайдна. Бетховен учился у ряда композиторов и учителей в период 1792–95 годов, включая Антонио Сальери и Иоганна Георга Альбрехтсбергера. Однако из всех учителей Бетховена наибольшей репутацией пользовался Гайдн, только что вернувшийся из своего первого успешного путешествия в Лондон. Вероятно, еще во время своей первой поездки в Лондон в 1790 году Гайдн согласился взять Бетховена к себе в ученики. Есть свидетельства того, что Гайдн давал своему ученику композиторские упражнения, основанные на тексте Фукса «Gradus ad Parnassum». Однако в течение года отношения между этими двумя мужчинами испортились. Согласно современным свидетельствам, проблема наиболее остро проявилась после публикации первых сочинений Бетховена – фортепианных трио Op. 1. Желая помочь молодому композитору, Гайдн предложил Бетховену указать под своим именем фразу «ученик Гайдна», чтобы извлечь выгоду из значительной славы Гайдна. Существуют веские доказательства добрых намерений Гайдна по отношению к Бетховену, включая его желание взять ученика с собой во вторую поездку в Лондон, а также личные письма, которые Гайдн отправлял раннему меценату Бетховена, Максимилиану Францу Австрийскому, курфюрсту Кельнскому. Однако, по-видимому, Бетховен в разные периоды своей жизни испытывал неприязнь к Гайдну. На предложение включить фразу «ученик Гайдна» Бетховен отреагировал резко. По словам Фердинанда Риса, «Бетховен не хотел этого делать, поскольку, как он говорил, хотя он и получал некоторые наставления от Гайдна, он никогда у него ничего не учился». Негативные чувства, вызванные трио Op. 1, усилились после их первого исполнения. Гайдн, присутствовавший в зале, по сообщениям, рекомендовал не публиковать трио до-минор (Op. 1, № 3), поскольку подозревал, что музыка не найдет признания у публики. Бетховен считал трио до-минор лучшим из всех и воспринял совет Гайдна как проявление зависти. Несмотря на это, Бетховен и Гайдн поддерживали относительно хорошие отношения до смерти Гайдна в 1809 году. Бетховен посетил концерт, посвященный 76-летию Гайдна, и, как говорят, «преклонил колени перед Гайдном и горячо поцеловал руки и лоб своего старого учителя». Высокая репутация Гайдна в Вене не позволяла Бетховену открыто проявлять враждебность. Однако Гайдн также искренне восхищался сочинениями Бетховена, что обычно помогало ему завоевать его расположение. В своей известной биографии Бетховена Мейнард Соломон отмечает, что в последние годы жизни «Бетховен неизменно упоминал своего старого учителя с почтением, считая его равным» Моцарту и Баху.
Иоганн Непомук Хаммель
Иоганн Непомук Гуммель, родившийся в 1778 году, был заметной фигурой в венском музыкальном мире. Чудо-ребенок и бывший ученик Моцарта, Гуммель был известен своей невероятной виртуозностью игры на клавишных и легендарным мастерством импровизации. Наряду с Бетховеном, его считали одним из лучших исполнителей своего времени. На протяжении многих лет Гуммель поддерживал близкую дружбу с Бетховеном. Однако ряд инцидентов омрачили их отношения. В одном известном случае, в 1807 году, князя Николая II Эстерхази пригласил Бетховена написать мессу для своей супруги. Бетховен согласился и создал мессу до мажор, которая была исполнена в поместье князя в Айзенштадте. В то время Гуммель занимал должность капельмейстера, став преемником Гайдна при дворе Эстерхази. Исполнение не увенчалось успехом, и, как утверждается, князь после этого сделал колкий комментарий в адрес Бетховена. По словам Шиндлера, Гуммель рассмеялся словам князя, что лишь усилило чувства унижения и преследования, которые всегда испытывал чувствительный Бетховен. Бетховен немедленно покинул Айзенштадт и долгое время хранил обиду. Тем не менее, этот инцидент, вероятно, не стал причиной окончательного разрыва между двумя музыкантами. Более вероятным источником разногласий было искусство. Гуммель был хорошо известен своими клавишными переложениями произведений Бетховена, особенно его симфоний. Бетховен не одобрял стиль исполнения и композиции Гуммеля и, по словам Игнаца Мошелеса, возражал против его переложений. В конце 1810-х годов возникли разногласия, точная причина которых неизвестна, но они вполне могли быть связаны с несогласием по поводу переложений музыки Бетховена Гуммелем. Большую часть 1820-х годов Гуммель провел при Веймарском дворе, где он был другом Иоганна Вольфганга фон Гёте, и вновь встретился с Бетховеном лишь после удивительного примирения, произошедшего у постели умирающего Бетховена. Узнав о тяжелой болезни Бетховена, Гуммель отправился из Веймара в Вену, чтобы навестить своего бывшего друга. Согласно рассказу, оставленному учеником Гуммеля того времени, Фердинандом Хиллером, сопровождавшим своего учителя, Гуммеля, возможно, побуждало не только сострадание. Гуммель попросил Бетховена подписать петицию, которую он собирался представить в Бундестаг для защиты своих композиций (и композиций других авторов) от незаконного копирования. В общей сложности Гуммель трижды посетил Бетховена на его смертном одре, последний раз – 23 марта 1827 года, всего за три дня до его смерти, и присутствовал на его похоронах.
Франц Лист
13 апреля 1823 года в Вене выступил двенадцатилетний венгерский пианист Франц Лист (1811–1886). Говорят, что 53-летний Бетховен поцеловал его – так называемый «Weihekuss», или «поцелуй посвящения», – за его замечательную игру. Это маловероятно, поскольку к тому времени Бетховен был практически глухим. Более правдоподобный рассказ о поцелуе Бетховена содержится в воспоминаниях пианистки Ильки Горовиц Барнай:
"The most memorable time I experienced with Liszt was when he told me of his meeting with Beethoven. 'I was about eleven years old', he began, 'when my highly esteemed teacher Czerny introduced me to Beethoven. He had long before told him about me and had asked him to hear me play. But Beethoven had aversions against prodigies and for a long time refused to hear me. Finally though he was persuaded by my indefatigable teacher Czerny and said: "Then for God's sake – bring the little rascal". "'It was one morning about ten o'clock when we entered the two small rooms of the Schwarzspanierhaus, where Beethoven lived. I was somewhat embarrassed – but Czerny kindly encouraged me. Beethoven was sitting by the window at a long narrow table working. For a moment he looked at us with a serious face, said a couple of quick words to Czerny but turned silent as my dear teacher signaled to me to go to the piano. "'First I played a small piece of Ries [Ferdinand Ries, another pupil of Beethoven]. When I had finished Beethoven asked if I could play a fugue by Bach. I chose the C minor fugue from The Well Tempered Clavier. "Can you transpose this fugue?" Beethoven asked. "'Fortunately I could. After the finishing chord I looked up. Beethoven's deep glowing eyes rested upon me – but suddenly a light smile flew over his otherwise serious face. He approached me and stroked me several times over my head with affection. "'"Well – I'll be blowed" he whispered, "such a little devil". "'Suddenly my courage rose: "May I play one of your pieces?" I asked with audacity. Beethoven nodded with a smile. I played the first movement of his C major piano concerto [No. 1]. When I had finished Beethoven stretched out his arms, kissed me on my forehead and said in a soft voice:
"'"You go on ahead. You are one of the lucky ones! It will be your destiny to bring joy and delight to many people and that is the greatest happiness one can achieve"'. "Liszt told me this with great emotion; his voice trembled but you could feel what divine joy these simple words had given him. Never did Liszt – the human being – make a greater impression on me. The flamboyant man of the world, the revered artist was gone; this great moment he had experienced in his childhood still resounded in his soul. For a little while he was silent – then he said quietly:
"'This was the proudest moment in my life – the inauguration to my life as artist. I tell this very rarely – and only to special friends.'" This story is somewhat more convincing, although Beethoven was just as deaf in 1822 as in 1823. It is possible, however, to speculate that Beethoven felt the vibrations of the piano with his hands as he is said to have been able to do, as well as observe Liszt's fingerings. Also, at the time it is meant to have occurred Beethoven was not residing in the Schwarzspanierhaus – but when Liszt told this story he was in his latter years, and his memory may have been a little foggy, if the story itself was not a confabulation.
«Самым запоминающимся моментом, который я пережила с Листом, был его рассказ о встрече с Бетховеном. «Мне было около одиннадцати лет, – начал он, – когда мой высокоуважаемый учитель Черни познакомил меня с Бетховеном. Он давно рассказывал ему обо мне и просил послушать мою игру. Но Бетховен не любил юных гениев и долгое время отказывался меня слушать. В конце концов, однако, он был убежден моим неутомимым учителем Черни и сказал: «Тогда, ради Бога, приведите этого маленького сорванца».
"The most memorable time I experienced with Liszt was when he told me of his meeting with Beethoven. 'I was about eleven years old', he began, 'when my highly esteemed teacher Czerny introduced me to Beethoven. He had long before told him about me and had asked him to hear me play. But Beethoven had aversions against prodigies and for a long time refused to hear me. Finally though he was persuaded by my indefatigable teacher Czerny and said: "Then for God's sake – bring the little rascal". "'It was one morning about ten o'clock when we entered the two small rooms of the Schwarzspanierhaus, where Beethoven lived. I was somewhat embarrassed – but Czerny kindly encouraged me. Beethoven was sitting by the window at a long narrow table working. For a moment he looked at us with a serious face, said a couple of quick words to Czerny but turned silent as my dear teacher signaled to me to go to the piano. "'First I played a small piece of Ries [Ferdinand Ries, another pupil of Beethoven]. When I had finished Beethoven asked if I could play a fugue by Bach. I chose the C minor fugue from The Well Tempered Clavier. "Can you transpose this fugue?" Beethoven asked. "'Fortunately I could. After the finishing chord I looked up. Beethoven's deep glowing eyes rested upon me – but suddenly a light smile flew over his otherwise serious face. He approached me and stroked me several times over my head with affection. "'"Well – I'll be blowed" he whispered, "such a little devil". "'Suddenly my courage rose: "May I play one of your pieces?" I asked with audacity. Beethoven nodded with a smile. I played the first movement of his C major piano concerto [No. 1]. When I had finished Beethoven stretched out his arms, kissed me on my forehead and said in a soft voice:
"'"You go on ahead. You are one of the lucky ones! It will be your destiny to bring joy and delight to many people and that is the greatest happiness one can achieve"'. "Liszt told me this with great emotion; his voice trembled but you could feel what divine joy these simple words had given him. Never did Liszt – the human being – make a greater impression on me. The flamboyant man of the world, the revered artist was gone; this great moment he had experienced in his childhood still resounded in his soul. For a little while he was silent – then he said quietly:
"'This was the proudest moment in my life – the inauguration to my life as artist. I tell this very rarely – and only to special friends.'" This story is somewhat more convincing, although Beethoven was just as deaf in 1822 as in 1823. It is possible, however, to speculate that Beethoven felt the vibrations of the piano with his hands as he is said to have been able to do, as well as observe Liszt's fingerings. Also, at the time it is meant to have occurred Beethoven was not residing in the Schwarzspanierhaus – but when Liszt told this story he was in his latter years, and his memory may have been a little foggy, if the story itself was not a confabulation.
«Однажды утром, около десяти часов, мы вошли в две небольшие комнаты в доме Шварцшпаниерхаус, где жил Бетховен. Мне было немного неловко, но Черни ободряюще меня поддержал. Бетховен сидел у окна за длинным узким столом и работал. Он на мгновение серьезно посмотрел на нас, произнес пару быстрых слов Черни, но замолчал, когда мой дорогой учитель дал мне знак подойти к фортепиано.
"The most memorable time I experienced with Liszt was when he told me of his meeting with Beethoven. 'I was about eleven years old', he began, 'when my highly esteemed teacher Czerny introduced me to Beethoven. He had long before told him about me and had asked him to hear me play. But Beethoven had aversions against prodigies and for a long time refused to hear me. Finally though he was persuaded by my indefatigable teacher Czerny and said: "Then for God's sake – bring the little rascal". "'It was one morning about ten o'clock when we entered the two small rooms of the Schwarzspanierhaus, where Beethoven lived. I was somewhat embarrassed – but Czerny kindly encouraged me. Beethoven was sitting by the window at a long narrow table working. For a moment he looked at us with a serious face, said a couple of quick words to Czerny but turned silent as my dear teacher signaled to me to go to the piano. "'First I played a small piece of Ries [Ferdinand Ries, another pupil of Beethoven]. When I had finished Beethoven asked if I could play a fugue by Bach. I chose the C minor fugue from The Well Tempered Clavier. "Can you transpose this fugue?" Beethoven asked. "'Fortunately I could. After the finishing chord I looked up. Beethoven's deep glowing eyes rested upon me – but suddenly a light smile flew over his otherwise serious face. He approached me and stroked me several times over my head with affection. "'"Well – I'll be blowed" he whispered, "such a little devil". "'Suddenly my courage rose: "May I play one of your pieces?" I asked with audacity. Beethoven nodded with a smile. I played the first movement of his C major piano concerto [No. 1]. When I had finished Beethoven stretched out his arms, kissed me on my forehead and said in a soft voice:
"'"You go on ahead. You are one of the lucky ones! It will be your destiny to bring joy and delight to many people and that is the greatest happiness one can achieve"'. "Liszt told me this with great emotion; his voice trembled but you could feel what divine joy these simple words had given him. Never did Liszt – the human being – make a greater impression on me. The flamboyant man of the world, the revered artist was gone; this great moment he had experienced in his childhood still resounded in his soul. For a little while he was silent – then he said quietly:
"'This was the proudest moment in my life – the inauguration to my life as artist. I tell this very rarely – and only to special friends.'" This story is somewhat more convincing, although Beethoven was just as deaf in 1822 as in 1823. It is possible, however, to speculate that Beethoven felt the vibrations of the piano with his hands as he is said to have been able to do, as well as observe Liszt's fingerings. Also, at the time it is meant to have occurred Beethoven was not residing in the Schwarzspanierhaus – but when Liszt told this story he was in his latter years, and his memory may have been a little foggy, if the story itself was not a confabulation.
«Сначала я сыграл небольшую пьесу Риса [Фердинанда Риса, другого ученика Бетховена]. Когда я закончил, Бетховен спросил, могу ли я сыграть фугу Баха. Я выбрал фугу до минор из «Хорошо темперированного клавира». «Можешь ли ты транспонировать эту фугу?» – спросил Бетховен.
"The most memorable time I experienced with Liszt was when he told me of his meeting with Beethoven. 'I was about eleven years old', he began, 'when my highly esteemed teacher Czerny introduced me to Beethoven. He had long before told him about me and had asked him to hear me play. But Beethoven had aversions against prodigies and for a long time refused to hear me. Finally though he was persuaded by my indefatigable teacher Czerny and said: "Then for God's sake – bring the little rascal". "'It was one morning about ten o'clock when we entered the two small rooms of the Schwarzspanierhaus, where Beethoven lived. I was somewhat embarrassed – but Czerny kindly encouraged me. Beethoven was sitting by the window at a long narrow table working. For a moment he looked at us with a serious face, said a couple of quick words to Czerny but turned silent as my dear teacher signaled to me to go to the piano. "'First I played a small piece of Ries [Ferdinand Ries, another pupil of Beethoven]. When I had finished Beethoven asked if I could play a fugue by Bach. I chose the C minor fugue from The Well Tempered Clavier. "Can you transpose this fugue?" Beethoven asked. "'Fortunately I could. After the finishing chord I looked up. Beethoven's deep glowing eyes rested upon me – but suddenly a light smile flew over his otherwise serious face. He approached me and stroked me several times over my head with affection. "'"Well – I'll be blowed" he whispered, "such a little devil". "'Suddenly my courage rose: "May I play one of your pieces?" I asked with audacity. Beethoven nodded with a smile. I played the first movement of his C major piano concerto [No. 1]. When I had finished Beethoven stretched out his arms, kissed me on my forehead and said in a soft voice:
"'"You go on ahead. You are one of the lucky ones! It will be your destiny to bring joy and delight to many people and that is the greatest happiness one can achieve"'. "Liszt told me this with great emotion; his voice trembled but you could feel what divine joy these simple words had given him. Never did Liszt – the human being – make a greater impression on me. The flamboyant man of the world, the revered artist was gone; this great moment he had experienced in his childhood still resounded in his soul. For a little while he was silent – then he said quietly:
"'This was the proudest moment in my life – the inauguration to my life as artist. I tell this very rarely – and only to special friends.'" This story is somewhat more convincing, although Beethoven was just as deaf in 1822 as in 1823. It is possible, however, to speculate that Beethoven felt the vibrations of the piano with his hands as he is said to have been able to do, as well as observe Liszt's fingerings. Also, at the time it is meant to have occurred Beethoven was not residing in the Schwarzspanierhaus – but when Liszt told this story he was in his latter years, and his memory may have been a little foggy, if the story itself was not a confabulation.
«К счастью, я мог. После завершающего аккорда я поднял глаза. Глубокий, сияющий взгляд Бетховена остановился на мне, но внезапно легкая улыбка озарила его обычно серьезное лицо. Он подошел ко мне и несколько раз ласково погладил меня по голове.
"The most memorable time I experienced with Liszt was when he told me of his meeting with Beethoven. 'I was about eleven years old', he began, 'when my highly esteemed teacher Czerny introduced me to Beethoven. He had long before told him about me and had asked him to hear me play. But Beethoven had aversions against prodigies and for a long time refused to hear me. Finally though he was persuaded by my indefatigable teacher Czerny and said: "Then for God's sake – bring the little rascal". "'It was one morning about ten o'clock when we entered the two small rooms of the Schwarzspanierhaus, where Beethoven lived. I was somewhat embarrassed – but Czerny kindly encouraged me. Beethoven was sitting by the window at a long narrow table working. For a moment he looked at us with a serious face, said a couple of quick words to Czerny but turned silent as my dear teacher signaled to me to go to the piano. "'First I played a small piece of Ries [Ferdinand Ries, another pupil of Beethoven]. When I had finished Beethoven asked if I could play a fugue by Bach. I chose the C minor fugue from The Well Tempered Clavier. "Can you transpose this fugue?" Beethoven asked. "'Fortunately I could. After the finishing chord I looked up. Beethoven's deep glowing eyes rested upon me – but suddenly a light smile flew over his otherwise serious face. He approached me and stroked me several times over my head with affection. "'"Well – I'll be blowed" he whispered, "such a little devil". "'Suddenly my courage rose: "May I play one of your pieces?" I asked with audacity. Beethoven nodded with a smile. I played the first movement of his C major piano concerto [No. 1]. When I had finished Beethoven stretched out his arms, kissed me on my forehead and said in a soft voice:
"'"You go on ahead. You are one of the lucky ones! It will be your destiny to bring joy and delight to many people and that is the greatest happiness one can achieve"'. "Liszt told me this with great emotion; his voice trembled but you could feel what divine joy these simple words had given him. Never did Liszt – the human being – make a greater impression on me. The flamboyant man of the world, the revered artist was gone; this great moment he had experienced in his childhood still resounded in his soul. For a little while he was silent – then he said quietly:
"'This was the proudest moment in my life – the inauguration to my life as artist. I tell this very rarely – and only to special friends.'" This story is somewhat more convincing, although Beethoven was just as deaf in 1822 as in 1823. It is possible, however, to speculate that Beethoven felt the vibrations of the piano with his hands as he is said to have been able to do, as well as observe Liszt's fingerings. Also, at the time it is meant to have occurred Beethoven was not residing in the Schwarzspanierhaus – but when Liszt told this story he was in his latter years, and his memory may have been a little foggy, if the story itself was not a confabulation.
««Ну и черт возьми, – прошептал он, – какой маленький дьяволенок».
"The most memorable time I experienced with Liszt was when he told me of his meeting with Beethoven. 'I was about eleven years old', he began, 'when my highly esteemed teacher Czerny introduced me to Beethoven. He had long before told him about me and had asked him to hear me play. But Beethoven had aversions against prodigies and for a long time refused to hear me. Finally though he was persuaded by my indefatigable teacher Czerny and said: "Then for God's sake – bring the little rascal". "'It was one morning about ten o'clock when we entered the two small rooms of the Schwarzspanierhaus, where Beethoven lived. I was somewhat embarrassed – but Czerny kindly encouraged me. Beethoven was sitting by the window at a long narrow table working. For a moment he looked at us with a serious face, said a couple of quick words to Czerny but turned silent as my dear teacher signaled to me to go to the piano. "'First I played a small piece of Ries [Ferdinand Ries, another pupil of Beethoven]. When I had finished Beethoven asked if I could play a fugue by Bach. I chose the C minor fugue from The Well Tempered Clavier. "Can you transpose this fugue?" Beethoven asked. "'Fortunately I could. After the finishing chord I looked up. Beethoven's deep glowing eyes rested upon me – but suddenly a light smile flew over his otherwise serious face. He approached me and stroked me several times over my head with affection. "'"Well – I'll be blowed" he whispered, "such a little devil". "'Suddenly my courage rose: "May I play one of your pieces?" I asked with audacity. Beethoven nodded with a smile. I played the first movement of his C major piano concerto [No. 1]. When I had finished Beethoven stretched out his arms, kissed me on my forehead and said in a soft voice:
"'"You go on ahead. You are one of the lucky ones! It will be your destiny to bring joy and delight to many people and that is the greatest happiness one can achieve"'. "Liszt told me this with great emotion; his voice trembled but you could feel what divine joy these simple words had given him. Never did Liszt – the human being – make a greater impression on me. The flamboyant man of the world, the revered artist was gone; this great moment he had experienced in his childhood still resounded in his soul. For a little while he was silent – then he said quietly:
"'This was the proudest moment in my life – the inauguration to my life as artist. I tell this very rarely – and only to special friends.'" This story is somewhat more convincing, although Beethoven was just as deaf in 1822 as in 1823. It is possible, however, to speculate that Beethoven felt the vibrations of the piano with his hands as he is said to have been able to do, as well as observe Liszt's fingerings. Also, at the time it is meant to have occurred Beethoven was not residing in the Schwarzspanierhaus – but when Liszt told this story he was in his latter years, and his memory may have been a little foggy, if the story itself was not a confabulation.
«Внезапно я почувствовал смелость: «Могу ли я сыграть одно из ваших произведений?» – с дерзостью спросил я. Бетховен кивнул с улыбкой. Я сыграл первую часть его Концерта для фортепиано с оркестром до мажор [№ 1]. Когда я закончил, Бетховен протянул руки, поцеловал меня в лоб и тихим голосом сказал:
"The most memorable time I experienced with Liszt was when he told me of his meeting with Beethoven. 'I was about eleven years old', he began, 'when my highly esteemed teacher Czerny introduced me to Beethoven. He had long before told him about me and had asked him to hear me play. But Beethoven had aversions against prodigies and for a long time refused to hear me. Finally though he was persuaded by my indefatigable teacher Czerny and said: "Then for God's sake – bring the little rascal". "'It was one morning about ten o'clock when we entered the two small rooms of the Schwarzspanierhaus, where Beethoven lived. I was somewhat embarrassed – but Czerny kindly encouraged me. Beethoven was sitting by the window at a long narrow table working. For a moment he looked at us with a serious face, said a couple of quick words to Czerny but turned silent as my dear teacher signaled to me to go to the piano. "'First I played a small piece of Ries [Ferdinand Ries, another pupil of Beethoven]. When I had finished Beethoven asked if I could play a fugue by Bach. I chose the C minor fugue from The Well Tempered Clavier. "Can you transpose this fugue?" Beethoven asked. "'Fortunately I could. After the finishing chord I looked up. Beethoven's deep glowing eyes rested upon me – but suddenly a light smile flew over his otherwise serious face. He approached me and stroked me several times over my head with affection. "'"Well – I'll be blowed" he whispered, "such a little devil". "'Suddenly my courage rose: "May I play one of your pieces?" I asked with audacity. Beethoven nodded with a smile. I played the first movement of his C major piano concerto [No. 1]. When I had finished Beethoven stretched out his arms, kissed me on my forehead and said in a soft voice:
"'"You go on ahead. You are one of the lucky ones! It will be your destiny to bring joy and delight to many people and that is the greatest happiness one can achieve"'. "Liszt told me this with great emotion; his voice trembled but you could feel what divine joy these simple words had given him. Never did Liszt – the human being – make a greater impression on me. The flamboyant man of the world, the revered artist was gone; this great moment he had experienced in his childhood still resounded in his soul. For a little while he was silent – then he said quietly:
"'This was the proudest moment in my life – the inauguration to my life as artist. I tell this very rarely – and only to special friends.'" This story is somewhat more convincing, although Beethoven was just as deaf in 1822 as in 1823. It is possible, however, to speculate that Beethoven felt the vibrations of the piano with his hands as he is said to have been able to do, as well as observe Liszt's fingerings. Also, at the time it is meant to have occurred Beethoven was not residing in the Schwarzspanierhaus – but when Liszt told this story he was in his latter years, and his memory may have been a little foggy, if the story itself was not a confabulation.
««Иди вперед. Ты один из счастливчиков! Твоей судьбой будет приносить радость и наслаждение многим людям, а это – величайшее счастье, которого можно достичь».
"The most memorable time I experienced with Liszt was when he told me of his meeting with Beethoven. 'I was about eleven years old', he began, 'when my highly esteemed teacher Czerny introduced me to Beethoven. He had long before told him about me and had asked him to hear me play. But Beethoven had aversions against prodigies and for a long time refused to hear me. Finally though he was persuaded by my indefatigable teacher Czerny and said: "Then for God's sake – bring the little rascal". "'It was one morning about ten o'clock when we entered the two small rooms of the Schwarzspanierhaus, where Beethoven lived. I was somewhat embarrassed – but Czerny kindly encouraged me. Beethoven was sitting by the window at a long narrow table working. For a moment he looked at us with a serious face, said a couple of quick words to Czerny but turned silent as my dear teacher signaled to me to go to the piano. "'First I played a small piece of Ries [Ferdinand Ries, another pupil of Beethoven]. When I had finished Beethoven asked if I could play a fugue by Bach. I chose the C minor fugue from The Well Tempered Clavier. "Can you transpose this fugue?" Beethoven asked. "'Fortunately I could. After the finishing chord I looked up. Beethoven's deep glowing eyes rested upon me – but suddenly a light smile flew over his otherwise serious face. He approached me and stroked me several times over my head with affection. "'"Well – I'll be blowed" he whispered, "such a little devil". "'Suddenly my courage rose: "May I play one of your pieces?" I asked with audacity. Beethoven nodded with a smile. I played the first movement of his C major piano concerto [No. 1]. When I had finished Beethoven stretched out his arms, kissed me on my forehead and said in a soft voice:
"'"You go on ahead. You are one of the lucky ones! It will be your destiny to bring joy and delight to many people and that is the greatest happiness one can achieve"'. "Liszt told me this with great emotion; his voice trembled but you could feel what divine joy these simple words had given him. Never did Liszt – the human being – make a greater impression on me. The flamboyant man of the world, the revered artist was gone; this great moment he had experienced in his childhood still resounded in his soul. For a little while he was silent – then he said quietly:
"'This was the proudest moment in my life – the inauguration to my life as artist. I tell this very rarely – and only to special friends.'" This story is somewhat more convincing, although Beethoven was just as deaf in 1822 as in 1823. It is possible, however, to speculate that Beethoven felt the vibrations of the piano with his hands as he is said to have been able to do, as well as observe Liszt's fingerings. Also, at the time it is meant to have occurred Beethoven was not residing in the Schwarzspanierhaus – but when Liszt told this story he was in his latter years, and his memory may have been a little foggy, if the story itself was not a confabulation.
Лист рассказал мне это с большим волнением; его голос дрожал, но чувствовалось, какую божественную радость подарили ему эти простые слова. Никогда Лист – как личность – не произвел на меня такого сильного впечатления. Человек света, почитаемый художник исчез; этот великий момент, пережитый им в детстве, все еще звучал в его душе. Он немного помолчал, а затем тихо сказал:
"The most memorable time I experienced with Liszt was when he told me of his meeting with Beethoven. 'I was about eleven years old', he began, 'when my highly esteemed teacher Czerny introduced me to Beethoven. He had long before told him about me and had asked him to hear me play. But Beethoven had aversions against prodigies and for a long time refused to hear me. Finally though he was persuaded by my indefatigable teacher Czerny and said: "Then for God's sake – bring the little rascal". "'It was one morning about ten o'clock when we entered the two small rooms of the Schwarzspanierhaus, where Beethoven lived. I was somewhat embarrassed – but Czerny kindly encouraged me. Beethoven was sitting by the window at a long narrow table working. For a moment he looked at us with a serious face, said a couple of quick words to Czerny but turned silent as my dear teacher signaled to me to go to the piano. "'First I played a small piece of Ries [Ferdinand Ries, another pupil of Beethoven]. When I had finished Beethoven asked if I could play a fugue by Bach. I chose the C minor fugue from The Well Tempered Clavier. "Can you transpose this fugue?" Beethoven asked. "'Fortunately I could. After the finishing chord I looked up. Beethoven's deep glowing eyes rested upon me – but suddenly a light smile flew over his otherwise serious face. He approached me and stroked me several times over my head with affection. "'"Well – I'll be blowed" he whispered, "such a little devil". "'Suddenly my courage rose: "May I play one of your pieces?" I asked with audacity. Beethoven nodded with a smile. I played the first movement of his C major piano concerto [No. 1]. When I had finished Beethoven stretched out his arms, kissed me on my forehead and said in a soft voice:
"'"You go on ahead. You are one of the lucky ones! It will be your destiny to bring joy and delight to many people and that is the greatest happiness one can achieve"'. "Liszt told me this with great emotion; his voice trembled but you could feel what divine joy these simple words had given him. Never did Liszt – the human being – make a greater impression on me. The flamboyant man of the world, the revered artist was gone; this great moment he had experienced in his childhood still resounded in his soul. For a little while he was silent – then he said quietly:
"'This was the proudest moment in my life – the inauguration to my life as artist. I tell this very rarely – and only to special friends.'" This story is somewhat more convincing, although Beethoven was just as deaf in 1822 as in 1823. It is possible, however, to speculate that Beethoven felt the vibrations of the piano with his hands as he is said to have been able to do, as well as observe Liszt's fingerings. Also, at the time it is meant to have occurred Beethoven was not residing in the Schwarzspanierhaus – but when Liszt told this story he was in his latter years, and his memory may have been a little foggy, if the story itself was not a confabulation.
««Это был самый гордый момент в моей жизни – посвящение в художники. Я рассказываю об этом очень редко – и только близким друзьям».
"The most memorable time I experienced with Liszt was when he told me of his meeting with Beethoven. 'I was about eleven years old', he began, 'when my highly esteemed teacher Czerny introduced me to Beethoven. He had long before told him about me and had asked him to hear me play. But Beethoven had aversions against prodigies and for a long time refused to hear me. Finally though he was persuaded by my indefatigable teacher Czerny and said: "Then for God's sake – bring the little rascal". "'It was one morning about ten o'clock when we entered the two small rooms of the Schwarzspanierhaus, where Beethoven lived. I was somewhat embarrassed – but Czerny kindly encouraged me. Beethoven was sitting by the window at a long narrow table working. For a moment he looked at us with a serious face, said a couple of quick words to Czerny but turned silent as my dear teacher signaled to me to go to the piano. "'First I played a small piece of Ries [Ferdinand Ries, another pupil of Beethoven]. When I had finished Beethoven asked if I could play a fugue by Bach. I chose the C minor fugue from The Well Tempered Clavier. "Can you transpose this fugue?" Beethoven asked. "'Fortunately I could. After the finishing chord I looked up. Beethoven's deep glowing eyes rested upon me – but suddenly a light smile flew over his otherwise serious face. He approached me and stroked me several times over my head with affection. "'"Well – I'll be blowed" he whispered, "such a little devil". "'Suddenly my courage rose: "May I play one of your pieces?" I asked with audacity. Beethoven nodded with a smile. I played the first movement of his C major piano concerto [No. 1]. When I had finished Beethoven stretched out his arms, kissed me on my forehead and said in a soft voice:
"'"You go on ahead. You are one of the lucky ones! It will be your destiny to bring joy and delight to many people and that is the greatest happiness one can achieve"'. "Liszt told me this with great emotion; his voice trembled but you could feel what divine joy these simple words had given him. Never did Liszt – the human being – make a greater impression on me. The flamboyant man of the world, the revered artist was gone; this great moment he had experienced in his childhood still resounded in his soul. For a little while he was silent – then he said quietly:
"'This was the proudest moment in my life – the inauguration to my life as artist. I tell this very rarely – and only to special friends.'" This story is somewhat more convincing, although Beethoven was just as deaf in 1822 as in 1823. It is possible, however, to speculate that Beethoven felt the vibrations of the piano with his hands as he is said to have been able to do, as well as observe Liszt's fingerings. Also, at the time it is meant to have occurred Beethoven was not residing in the Schwarzspanierhaus – but when Liszt told this story he was in his latter years, and his memory may have been a little foggy, if the story itself was not a confabulation.
Эта история кажется более убедительной, хотя Бетховен был так же глух в 1822 году, как и в 1823 году. Однако можно предположить, что Бетховен чувствовал вибрации фортепиано руками, как говорят, он умел, а также наблюдал за аппликатурой Листа. Кроме того, в то время, когда это предположительно произошло, Бетховен не жил в Шварцшпаниерхаусе, но когда Лист рассказывал эту историю, он был в преклонном возрасте, и его память могла быть немного туманной, или сама история могла быть вымыслом.
"The most memorable time I experienced with Liszt was when he told me of his meeting with Beethoven. 'I was about eleven years old', he began, 'when my highly esteemed teacher Czerny introduced me to Beethoven. He had long before told him about me and had asked him to hear me play. But Beethoven had aversions against prodigies and for a long time refused to hear me. Finally though he was persuaded by my indefatigable teacher Czerny and said: "Then for God's sake – bring the little rascal". "'It was one morning about ten o'clock when we entered the two small rooms of the Schwarzspanierhaus, where Beethoven lived. I was somewhat embarrassed – but Czerny kindly encouraged me. Beethoven was sitting by the window at a long narrow table working. For a moment he looked at us with a serious face, said a couple of quick words to Czerny but turned silent as my dear teacher signaled to me to go to the piano. "'First I played a small piece of Ries [Ferdinand Ries, another pupil of Beethoven]. When I had finished Beethoven asked if I could play a fugue by Bach. I chose the C minor fugue from The Well Tempered Clavier. "Can you transpose this fugue?" Beethoven asked. "'Fortunately I could. After the finishing chord I looked up. Beethoven's deep glowing eyes rested upon me – but suddenly a light smile flew over his otherwise serious face. He approached me and stroked me several times over my head with affection. "'"Well – I'll be blowed" he whispered, "such a little devil". "'Suddenly my courage rose: "May I play one of your pieces?" I asked with audacity. Beethoven nodded with a smile. I played the first movement of his C major piano concerto [No. 1]. When I had finished Beethoven stretched out his arms, kissed me on my forehead and said in a soft voice:
"'"You go on ahead. You are one of the lucky ones! It will be your destiny to bring joy and delight to many people and that is the greatest happiness one can achieve"'. "Liszt told me this with great emotion; his voice trembled but you could feel what divine joy these simple words had given him. Never did Liszt – the human being – make a greater impression on me. The flamboyant man of the world, the revered artist was gone; this great moment he had experienced in his childhood still resounded in his soul. For a little while he was silent – then he said quietly:
"'This was the proudest moment in my life – the inauguration to my life as artist. I tell this very rarely – and only to special friends.'" This story is somewhat more convincing, although Beethoven was just as deaf in 1822 as in 1823. It is possible, however, to speculate that Beethoven felt the vibrations of the piano with his hands as he is said to have been able to do, as well as observe Liszt's fingerings. Also, at the time it is meant to have occurred Beethoven was not residing in the Schwarzspanierhaus – but when Liszt told this story he was in his latter years, and his memory may have been a little foggy, if the story itself was not a confabulation.
Вольфганг Амадей Моцарт
Вольфганг Амадей Моцарт (1756–1791) уже был признанным и известным композитором в Вене, когда шестнадцатилетний Бетховен впервые посетил город в 1787 году. Они могли встретиться во время шестимесячного пребывания Бетховена в Вене, хотя никаких современных документов, подтверждающих это, не существует. Согласно более поздним свидетельствам писателя Отто Яна, Бетховена привели к Моцарту, где он сыграл для него. Возможно также, что Бетховен брал уроки у Моцарта. Несмотря на неопределенность относительно их встречи, Бетховен, несомненно, был знаком с творчеством Моцарта и находился под его сильным влиянием. Например, начальная тема третьей части Пятой симфонии Бетховена очень похожа на тему четвертой части Сороковой симфонии Моцарта. Бетховен написал каденции (WoO 58) к первой и третьей частям Фортепианного концерта Моцарта до-минор.
Джоахино Россини
Джоахино Россини (1792–1868) – итальянский композитор, прославившийся своими многочисленными операми, включая «Севильский цирюльник» и «Вильгельм Телль». Когда Россини посетил Вену, он предпринял несколько попыток встретиться с Бетховеном, которому тогда было 51 год и здоровье его ухудшалось. Наконец, Россини удалось организовать встречу с Бетховеном при посредстве Джузеппе Карпани, итальянского поэта, жившего в Вене. По различным свидетельствам, Бетховен узнал Россини и похвалил его «Севильского цирюльника», добавив, что ему никогда не следует пытаться писать что-либо, кроме оперы-буффа (комедийных опер), так как это шло бы вразрез с его (Россини) природой. Когда Карпани напомнил Бетховену, что Россини уже сочинил несколько серьезных опер, Бетховен, как передают, ответил: «Да, я ознакомился с ними. Опера-сериа (серьезная опера) не подходит итальянцам. Вы не умеете обращаться с настоящей драмой».
Франц Шуберт
Франц Шуберт (1797–1828) прожил большую часть своей короткой жизни в Вене, в период расцвета популярности Бетховена. С ранних лет он был знаком с музыкой Бетховена, и в нескольких его произведениях прослеживается тематическое сходство с аналогичными работами Бетховена. Несмотря на то, что Шуберт и Бетховен жили в одном городе, и Шуберт питал к Бетховену высочайшее уважение, большую часть времени они вращались в разных социальных кругах. Их первая встреча, по всей видимости, состоялась в 1822 году, когда Шуберт, в сопровождении издателя Антона Диабелли, посетил Бетховена. Шуберт посвятил ему ряд вариаций на французскую песню (Op. 10, D.624) и хотел лично вручить посвятителю экземпляр нот. По-видимому, Шуберт нервничал во время встречи и едва сохранял самообладание, когда Бетховен указал на незначительный недостаток в произведении. Эту историю пересказывает Антон Шиндлер, однако её достоверность неизвестна, поскольку Шиндлер известен как ненадежный биограф Бетховена. Друг Шуберта, Йозеф Хюттенбреннер, утверждает, что Бетховена не было дома, когда Шуберт приходил, и вариации были оставлены слугам. Однако Иоганн Фридрих Рохлиц, издатель Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung, рассказывает о встрече 1822 года с Шубертом, в ходе которой Шуберт утверждал, что обсуждал Рохлица с Бетховеном, и описал другие детали встречи. Когда Бетховен находился на смертном одре в 1827 году, Шиндлер, чтобы хоть как-то отвлечь его, дал ему рукописи нескольких песен Шуберта. Бетховен, по словам Шиндлера, был поражен количеством и качеством увиденного, воскликнув: "Воистину, в Шуберте есть божественная искра". Шуберт неоднократно навещал Бетховена на смертном одре. Однажды, когда Шуберт пришел вместе с Ансельмом Хюттенбреннером, Бетховен заметил: "У тебя, Ансельм, ум мой, а у Франца – душа". Шуберт нес факел на похоронах Бетховена. Граф был известен как страстный меценат музыки, который не только заказал Бетховену Четвертую симфонию, посвященную ему, но и открыл талант Иоганна Седлатзека, когда тот работал на семейном швейном производстве и играл на флейте для удовольствия. Оперсдорф пригласил молодого портного-музыканта играть в своем придворном оркестре, предоставив Иоганну возможность выступить перед Бетховеном во время пребывания Мастера в Силезии осенью 1806 года. Знакомство Седлатзека с Бетховеном в то время положило начало музыкальному сотрудничеству, которое продолжалось на протяжении последних лет жизни Бетховена. Иоганн Седлатзек был главным флейтистом в театре Кэрнтнертор в Вене во время мировой премьеры Девятой симфонии Бетховена 7 мая 1824 года под управлением самого Бетховена. Как свидетельствует английский дирижер сэр Джордж Томас Смарт, посетивший дом Бетховена в Вене в 1825 году, Седлатзек входил в ближайший круг Бетховена, в который, согласно письмам сэра Джорджа, входили такие выдающиеся музыканты, как Черни, Линк, Шлезингер, Шупанциг и, по некоторым сведениям, Шуберт. Бетховен, очевидно, высоко ценил музыкальные способности Седлатзека, о чем свидетельствуют личные рекомендательные письма, которые Седлатзек брал с собой во время своего сольного турне по Парижу в 1826 году. В письме, адресованном французскому скрипачу и композитору Рудольфу Крейцеру (1766–1831), Бетховен назвал Седлатзека "исключительно выдающимся артистом". В письме, представленном Луиджи Керубини (1760–1842), итальянскому композитору, большую часть жизни прожившему во Франции, Бетховен писал о Седлатзеке: "Я убежден в его таланте как художника, достойного моего имени, и надеюсь на благосклонный прием с вашей стороны. Примите его с полной уверенностью". Связь с Бетховеном сохранилась и для внука Иоганна, Людвига Седлачека (1875 в Вене – 1965 в США), который также стал музыкантом и композитором. Молодой Людвиг учился музыке, практикуясь на пианино, принадлежавшем ранее Бетховену. Посещение Бетховеном Силезии в 1806 году ежегодно отмечается Силезским фестивалем музыки Бетховена, который проводится каждой осенью в Глоговеке, Польша. В 2012 году на фестивале Бетховена в Глоговеке прозвучали несколько композиций Иоганна Седлатзека, которые были утеряны почти на 200 лет, пока весной 2012 года не были обнаружены в лондонских архивах. Эти ранее утерянные произведения были впервые исполнены со времен XIX века 6 октября 2012 года флейтисткой Эльжбетой Воленской и пианисткой Эльжбетой Завадской в честь наставника и современника Седлатзека, Людвига ван Бетховена, в городе их первой встречи.
The association with Beethoven continued as far as Johann's grandson, Ludwig Sedlaczek (1875 in Vienna – 1965 in the US), who also became a musician and composer. The young Ludwig learned the craft of music by practising on a piano once owned and played by Beethoven. Beethoven's visit to Silesia in 1806 is celebrated annually with the Silesian Beethoven Music Festival held each autumn in Głogówek, Poland. The 2012 edition of the Beethoven Festival in Głogówek featured performances of several compositions by Johann Sedlatzek which had been lost for nearly 200 years until being discovered in London archives in the Spring of 2012. These previously lost works were performed for the first time since the 19th century on 6 October 2012 by flutist Elzbieta Wolenska and pianist Elzbieta Zawadzka to honor Sedlatzek's mentor and contemporary, Ludwig van Beethoven, in the city of their first meeting.