Ксиломелум: Австралийские древесные груши

Genus of plants in the family Proteaceae native to Australia

Xylomelum is a genus of six species of flowering plants, often commonly known as woody pears, in the family Proteaceae and are endemic to Australia. Plants in this genus are tall shrubs or small trees with leaves arranged in opposite pairs, relatively small flowers arranged in spike like groups, and the fruit a woody, more or less pear shaped follicle.

Plants in the genus Xylomelum are shrubs or trees that typically grow to a height of and have simple, leathery leaves arranged in opposite pairs. Juvenile leaves have coarse, sometimes prickly teeth on the edges. The flowers are arranged in dense, spike like racemes or panicles, the flowers in pairs with a bract at the base. Each flower has four similar tepals that roll back as the flower develops revealing four stamens. The fruit is a woody, more or less pear shaped follicle attached at the larger end, that eventually splits into two halves and releases two winged seeds.

The genus Xylomelum was first formally described in 1798 by James Edward Smith in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. The name Xylomelum is derived from the Greek xylon meaning "wood" and melon "tree fruit", referring to the woody fruit.

The "pears" of Xylomelum species are thought to have evolved primarily as a defense against seed predation. However, these woody fruits also provide protection of the seeds from fire. Johnson and Briggs (1963) consider the woody seeds in Proteaceae to be a late evolutionary adaptation to fire.