Введение
Лорд Кесарии, Иерусалимское королевство
Eustace I Granier, also known as Eustace Grenier or Eustace Garnier, called in Latin Eustachius Granarius in the charters (born around 1070 and died on 15 June 1123), was a Flemish crusader who took part in the First Crusade. He became lord of Caesarea in 1101 and lord of Sidon in 1110. On 18 April 1123, he was elected constable and bailiff of Jerusalem during the captivity of Baldwin II of Jerusalem. Shortly before his death, he defeated a Fatimid army at the Battle of Yibneh near Ibelin. Eustace Grenier is quoted in a text in verse written during his life in honour of the knights of the diocese of Thérouanne who accompanied Baldwin of Boulogne to the Holy Land. Contemporary authors and historians identify Eustace Grenier as a nobleman from the diocese of Thérouanne in the County of Saint Pol. Alan V. Murray, historian of the Crusades, writes: "However, his origins can be established with a high degree of certainty. The Versus de viris illustribus diocesis Tarvanensis qui in sacra fuere expeditione identifies him as a Fleming from the diocese of Therouanne". written by an unknown author who was one of his contemporaries : The author writes nostris diebus ("it happened nowadays"). In this poem Eustace Grenier is cited among the knights of the Diocese of Thérouanne who accompanied Baldwin of Boulogne, the future king of Jerusalem, to the Holy Land. The author writes :"Par Belramensis, fit princeps Caesariensis
Eustachius notus miles, cognomine Gernirs"
William of Tyre, who was contemporary of Eustace Grenier, indicates him as one of the barons of Baldwin of Boulogne. In the 16th century, Nicolas Despars (Chronicles of Flanders) and Jacques Meyer (Annals of Flanders) mention Eustace Garnier or Grenier in their lists of
the Flemish knights who took an active part in the First Crusade. Jacques Meyer in his Annals of Flanders (1561) mentions that Eustace Grenier was from the diocese of Thérouanne. In the 16th century, Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange writes : « I find several families with this name of Granier or Grenier in France ( ) It is difficult to guess whether Eustache was originally from Aquitaine or Picardy, or even from Flanders, as Meyer wants and who gives him the nickname of Beccam, without I know why. He calls him Beccamensis, that is to say native of Beccam, place which was to be in Flanders or in the neighbouring areas, since the author notes that Godefroi of Bouillon, in the distribution of the conquered places made to the crusader barons, did not forget his compatriots. But we can’t find a town or a village called Beccam. Latin verses in honour of the characters from the diocese of Thérouanne who distinguished themselves in the First Crusade, tell us that Eustache, nicknamed Gernirs, became prince or lord of Caesarea ». In 1865, Paul Edouard Didier Riant, writes that Eustache Grenier is "one of the Flemish vassals" of the king Baldwin I of Jerusalem. In 1892, the abbey and historian Daniel Haigneré in Bulletin de la Société des antiquaires de la Morinie writes an article about the verse written from the time of Eustace Grenier quoting "Eustace, famous knight, named Garnier, prince of Caesarea" among the knights of the diocese of Thérouanne who accompanied Baldwin of Boulogne to the Holy Land. Contemporary sources about Eustace Grenier' origins
Joseph Ringel in Césarée de Palestine: étude historique et archéologique (1975) writes : "around 1108, the Flemish knight Eustache Granier received Caesarea in fief". Jean Richard in The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1979) writes that Eustace Garnier was from the ) and one of the most loyal companions of Baldwin I of Jerusalem. Steven Tibble in Monarchy and Lordships in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099 1291 (1989) writes that Eustace Grenier is "a Flemish knight who had arrived in the Near East some time between 1099 and August 1105". Historian Alan V. Murray in his book The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History 1099 1125 (2000) writes :"However, his origins can be established with a high degree of certainty. The Versus de viris illustribus diocesis Tarvanensis qui in sacra fuere expeditione identifies him as a Fleming from the Diocese of Thérouanne." According to his analysis of the text and his research, Eustace Granier was a military official in the castle of Beaurainville in the County of Saint Pol. He was a rear vassal of Eustace III of Boulogne, because the counts of Saint Pol held Beaurainville in fief from the counts of Boulogne. Eustace's surname implies that either Eustace or one of his ancestors was responsible for the management of a store house. Alan V. Murray says, Eustace most probably came to the Holy Land in the retinue of his lord, Hugh II of Saint Pol, during the First Crusade. Jonathan Riley Smith writes that Eustace arrived to the Kingdom of Jerusalem after 1099. Susan B. Edgington in Albert of Aachen (2007) agrees with this analysis. She writes that Eustace Grenier probably came from Beaurain Château in the County of Saint Pol.
Юстас I Граниер, также известный как Юстас Гренье или Юстас Гарнье, в хартиях упоминаемый на латыни как Юстахиус Гранариус (родился около 1070 года и умер 15 июня 1123 года), был фламандским крестоносцем, участником Первого крестового похода. В 1101 году он стал лордом Кесарии, а в 1110 году – лордом Сидона. 18 апреля 1123 года он был избран констеблем и бальи Иерусалима во время пленения Балдуина II. Незадолго до смерти он разгромил фатимидское войско в битве при Ибне, близ Ибелина. Юстас Гренье цитируется в стихотворном тексте, созданном при его жизни в честь рыцарей епархии Теруанны, сопровождавших Балдуина Булонского в Святую Землю. Современные авторы и историки указывают на Юстаса Гренье как на дворянина из епархии Теруанны в графстве Сен-Поль. Алан Мюррей, историк крестовых походов, пишет: «Однако его происхождение можно установить с высокой степенью достоверности. В «Versus de viris illustribus diocesis Tarvanensis qui in sacra fuere expeditione» он идентифицируется как фламандец из епархии Теруанны», – написано неизвестным автором, современником Юстаса. Автор пишет: *nostris diebus* («это произошло в наши дни»). В этом стихотворении Юстас Гренье упоминается среди рыцарей епархии Теруанны, сопровождавших Балдуина Булонского, будущего короля Иерусалима, в Святую Землю. Автор пишет: *«Par Belramensis, fit princeps Caesariensis Eustachius notus miles, cognomine Gernirs»*.
Eustace I Granier, also known as Eustace Grenier or Eustace Garnier, called in Latin Eustachius Granarius in the charters (born around 1070 and died on 15 June 1123), was a Flemish crusader who took part in the First Crusade. He became lord of Caesarea in 1101 and lord of Sidon in 1110. On 18 April 1123, he was elected constable and bailiff of Jerusalem during the captivity of Baldwin II of Jerusalem. Shortly before his death, he defeated a Fatimid army at the Battle of Yibneh near Ibelin. Eustace Grenier is quoted in a text in verse written during his life in honour of the knights of the diocese of Thérouanne who accompanied Baldwin of Boulogne to the Holy Land. Contemporary authors and historians identify Eustace Grenier as a nobleman from the diocese of Thérouanne in the County of Saint Pol. Alan V. Murray, historian of the Crusades, writes: "However, his origins can be established with a high degree of certainty. The Versus de viris illustribus diocesis Tarvanensis qui in sacra fuere expeditione identifies him as a Fleming from the diocese of Therouanne". written by an unknown author who was one of his contemporaries : The author writes nostris diebus ("it happened nowadays"). In this poem Eustace Grenier is cited among the knights of the Diocese of Thérouanne who accompanied Baldwin of Boulogne, the future king of Jerusalem, to the Holy Land. The author writes :"Par Belramensis, fit princeps Caesariensis
Eustachius notus miles, cognomine Gernirs"
William of Tyre, who was contemporary of Eustace Grenier, indicates him as one of the barons of Baldwin of Boulogne. In the 16th century, Nicolas Despars (Chronicles of Flanders) and Jacques Meyer (Annals of Flanders) mention Eustace Garnier or Grenier in their lists of
the Flemish knights who took an active part in the First Crusade. Jacques Meyer in his Annals of Flanders (1561) mentions that Eustace Grenier was from the diocese of Thérouanne. In the 16th century, Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange writes : « I find several families with this name of Granier or Grenier in France ( ) It is difficult to guess whether Eustache was originally from Aquitaine or Picardy, or even from Flanders, as Meyer wants and who gives him the nickname of Beccam, without I know why. He calls him Beccamensis, that is to say native of Beccam, place which was to be in Flanders or in the neighbouring areas, since the author notes that Godefroi of Bouillon, in the distribution of the conquered places made to the crusader barons, did not forget his compatriots. But we can’t find a town or a village called Beccam. Latin verses in honour of the characters from the diocese of Thérouanne who distinguished themselves in the First Crusade, tell us that Eustache, nicknamed Gernirs, became prince or lord of Caesarea ». In 1865, Paul Edouard Didier Riant, writes that Eustache Grenier is "one of the Flemish vassals" of the king Baldwin I of Jerusalem. In 1892, the abbey and historian Daniel Haigneré in Bulletin de la Société des antiquaires de la Morinie writes an article about the verse written from the time of Eustace Grenier quoting "Eustace, famous knight, named Garnier, prince of Caesarea" among the knights of the diocese of Thérouanne who accompanied Baldwin of Boulogne to the Holy Land. Contemporary sources about Eustace Grenier' origins
Joseph Ringel in Césarée de Palestine: étude historique et archéologique (1975) writes : "around 1108, the Flemish knight Eustache Granier received Caesarea in fief". Jean Richard in The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1979) writes that Eustace Garnier was from the ) and one of the most loyal companions of Baldwin I of Jerusalem. Steven Tibble in Monarchy and Lordships in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099 1291 (1989) writes that Eustace Grenier is "a Flemish knight who had arrived in the Near East some time between 1099 and August 1105". Historian Alan V. Murray in his book The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History 1099 1125 (2000) writes :"However, his origins can be established with a high degree of certainty. The Versus de viris illustribus diocesis Tarvanensis qui in sacra fuere expeditione identifies him as a Fleming from the Diocese of Thérouanne." According to his analysis of the text and his research, Eustace Granier was a military official in the castle of Beaurainville in the County of Saint Pol. He was a rear vassal of Eustace III of Boulogne, because the counts of Saint Pol held Beaurainville in fief from the counts of Boulogne. Eustace's surname implies that either Eustace or one of his ancestors was responsible for the management of a store house. Alan V. Murray says, Eustace most probably came to the Holy Land in the retinue of his lord, Hugh II of Saint Pol, during the First Crusade. Jonathan Riley Smith writes that Eustace arrived to the Kingdom of Jerusalem after 1099. Susan B. Edgington in Albert of Aachen (2007) agrees with this analysis. She writes that Eustace Grenier probably came from Beaurain Château in the County of Saint Pol.
Вильгельм Тирский, современник Юстаса Гренье, называет его одним из баронов Балдуина Булонского. В XVI веке Николас Деспар («Хроники Фландрии») и Жак Мейер («Анналы Фландрии») упоминают Юстаса Гарнье или Гренье в списках фламандских рыцарей, активно участвовавших в Первом крестовом походе. Жак Мейер в своих «Анналах Фландрии» (1561) указывает, что Юстас Гренье происходил из епархии Теруанны. В XVI веке Шарль дю Френ, сеньор дю Канж, пишет: «Я нахожу несколько семей с именем Граниер или Гренье во Франции… Трудно предположить, был ли Юстас родом из Аквитании или Пикардии, или даже из Фландрии, как полагает Мейер, который дает ему прозвище Беккам, не зная почему. Он называет его Beccamensis, то есть уроженцем Бекама, места, предположительно находившегося во Фландрии или в соседних областях, поскольку автор отмечает, что Годфруа Буйонский, при распределении завоеванных земель между крестоносными баронами, не забыл своих соотечественников. Однако мы не можем найти город или деревню под названием Беккам. Латинские стихи в честь героев из епархии Теруанны, отличившихся в Первом крестовом походе, сообщают, что Юстас, прозванный Герниром, стал принцем или лордом Кесарии». В 1865 году Поль Эдуард Дидье Риан пишет, что Юстас Гренье был «одним из фламандских вассалов» короля Балдуина I Иерусалимского. В 1892 году аббат и историк Даниэль Эньере в *Bulletin de la Société des antiquaires de la Morinie* опубликовал статью о стихотворении, созданном при жизни Юстаса Гренье, цитируя: «Юстас, знаменитый рыцарь по имени Гарнье, князь Кесарийский», среди рыцарей епархии Теруанны, сопровождавших Балдуина Булонского в Святую Землю.
Eustace I Granier, also known as Eustace Grenier or Eustace Garnier, called in Latin Eustachius Granarius in the charters (born around 1070 and died on 15 June 1123), was a Flemish crusader who took part in the First Crusade. He became lord of Caesarea in 1101 and lord of Sidon in 1110. On 18 April 1123, he was elected constable and bailiff of Jerusalem during the captivity of Baldwin II of Jerusalem. Shortly before his death, he defeated a Fatimid army at the Battle of Yibneh near Ibelin. Eustace Grenier is quoted in a text in verse written during his life in honour of the knights of the diocese of Thérouanne who accompanied Baldwin of Boulogne to the Holy Land. Contemporary authors and historians identify Eustace Grenier as a nobleman from the diocese of Thérouanne in the County of Saint Pol. Alan V. Murray, historian of the Crusades, writes: "However, his origins can be established with a high degree of certainty. The Versus de viris illustribus diocesis Tarvanensis qui in sacra fuere expeditione identifies him as a Fleming from the diocese of Therouanne". written by an unknown author who was one of his contemporaries : The author writes nostris diebus ("it happened nowadays"). In this poem Eustace Grenier is cited among the knights of the Diocese of Thérouanne who accompanied Baldwin of Boulogne, the future king of Jerusalem, to the Holy Land. The author writes :"Par Belramensis, fit princeps Caesariensis
Eustachius notus miles, cognomine Gernirs"
William of Tyre, who was contemporary of Eustace Grenier, indicates him as one of the barons of Baldwin of Boulogne. In the 16th century, Nicolas Despars (Chronicles of Flanders) and Jacques Meyer (Annals of Flanders) mention Eustace Garnier or Grenier in their lists of
the Flemish knights who took an active part in the First Crusade. Jacques Meyer in his Annals of Flanders (1561) mentions that Eustace Grenier was from the diocese of Thérouanne. In the 16th century, Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange writes : « I find several families with this name of Granier or Grenier in France ( ) It is difficult to guess whether Eustache was originally from Aquitaine or Picardy, or even from Flanders, as Meyer wants and who gives him the nickname of Beccam, without I know why. He calls him Beccamensis, that is to say native of Beccam, place which was to be in Flanders or in the neighbouring areas, since the author notes that Godefroi of Bouillon, in the distribution of the conquered places made to the crusader barons, did not forget his compatriots. But we can’t find a town or a village called Beccam. Latin verses in honour of the characters from the diocese of Thérouanne who distinguished themselves in the First Crusade, tell us that Eustache, nicknamed Gernirs, became prince or lord of Caesarea ». In 1865, Paul Edouard Didier Riant, writes that Eustache Grenier is "one of the Flemish vassals" of the king Baldwin I of Jerusalem. In 1892, the abbey and historian Daniel Haigneré in Bulletin de la Société des antiquaires de la Morinie writes an article about the verse written from the time of Eustace Grenier quoting "Eustace, famous knight, named Garnier, prince of Caesarea" among the knights of the diocese of Thérouanne who accompanied Baldwin of Boulogne to the Holy Land. Contemporary sources about Eustace Grenier' origins
Joseph Ringel in Césarée de Palestine: étude historique et archéologique (1975) writes : "around 1108, the Flemish knight Eustache Granier received Caesarea in fief". Jean Richard in The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1979) writes that Eustace Garnier was from the ) and one of the most loyal companions of Baldwin I of Jerusalem. Steven Tibble in Monarchy and Lordships in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099 1291 (1989) writes that Eustace Grenier is "a Flemish knight who had arrived in the Near East some time between 1099 and August 1105". Historian Alan V. Murray in his book The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History 1099 1125 (2000) writes :"However, his origins can be established with a high degree of certainty. The Versus de viris illustribus diocesis Tarvanensis qui in sacra fuere expeditione identifies him as a Fleming from the Diocese of Thérouanne." According to his analysis of the text and his research, Eustace Granier was a military official in the castle of Beaurainville in the County of Saint Pol. He was a rear vassal of Eustace III of Boulogne, because the counts of Saint Pol held Beaurainville in fief from the counts of Boulogne. Eustace's surname implies that either Eustace or one of his ancestors was responsible for the management of a store house. Alan V. Murray says, Eustace most probably came to the Holy Land in the retinue of his lord, Hugh II of Saint Pol, during the First Crusade. Jonathan Riley Smith writes that Eustace arrived to the Kingdom of Jerusalem after 1099. Susan B. Edgington in Albert of Aachen (2007) agrees with this analysis. She writes that Eustace Grenier probably came from Beaurain Château in the County of Saint Pol.
Современные источники о происхождении Юстаса Граниера:
Eustace I Granier, also known as Eustace Grenier or Eustace Garnier, called in Latin Eustachius Granarius in the charters (born around 1070 and died on 15 June 1123), was a Flemish crusader who took part in the First Crusade. He became lord of Caesarea in 1101 and lord of Sidon in 1110. On 18 April 1123, he was elected constable and bailiff of Jerusalem during the captivity of Baldwin II of Jerusalem. Shortly before his death, he defeated a Fatimid army at the Battle of Yibneh near Ibelin. Eustace Grenier is quoted in a text in verse written during his life in honour of the knights of the diocese of Thérouanne who accompanied Baldwin of Boulogne to the Holy Land. Contemporary authors and historians identify Eustace Grenier as a nobleman from the diocese of Thérouanne in the County of Saint Pol. Alan V. Murray, historian of the Crusades, writes: "However, his origins can be established with a high degree of certainty. The Versus de viris illustribus diocesis Tarvanensis qui in sacra fuere expeditione identifies him as a Fleming from the diocese of Therouanne". written by an unknown author who was one of his contemporaries : The author writes nostris diebus ("it happened nowadays"). In this poem Eustace Grenier is cited among the knights of the Diocese of Thérouanne who accompanied Baldwin of Boulogne, the future king of Jerusalem, to the Holy Land. The author writes :"Par Belramensis, fit princeps Caesariensis
Eustachius notus miles, cognomine Gernirs"
William of Tyre, who was contemporary of Eustace Grenier, indicates him as one of the barons of Baldwin of Boulogne. In the 16th century, Nicolas Despars (Chronicles of Flanders) and Jacques Meyer (Annals of Flanders) mention Eustace Garnier or Grenier in their lists of
the Flemish knights who took an active part in the First Crusade. Jacques Meyer in his Annals of Flanders (1561) mentions that Eustace Grenier was from the diocese of Thérouanne. In the 16th century, Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange writes : « I find several families with this name of Granier or Grenier in France ( ) It is difficult to guess whether Eustache was originally from Aquitaine or Picardy, or even from Flanders, as Meyer wants and who gives him the nickname of Beccam, without I know why. He calls him Beccamensis, that is to say native of Beccam, place which was to be in Flanders or in the neighbouring areas, since the author notes that Godefroi of Bouillon, in the distribution of the conquered places made to the crusader barons, did not forget his compatriots. But we can’t find a town or a village called Beccam. Latin verses in honour of the characters from the diocese of Thérouanne who distinguished themselves in the First Crusade, tell us that Eustache, nicknamed Gernirs, became prince or lord of Caesarea ». In 1865, Paul Edouard Didier Riant, writes that Eustache Grenier is "one of the Flemish vassals" of the king Baldwin I of Jerusalem. In 1892, the abbey and historian Daniel Haigneré in Bulletin de la Société des antiquaires de la Morinie writes an article about the verse written from the time of Eustace Grenier quoting "Eustace, famous knight, named Garnier, prince of Caesarea" among the knights of the diocese of Thérouanne who accompanied Baldwin of Boulogne to the Holy Land. Contemporary sources about Eustace Grenier' origins
Joseph Ringel in Césarée de Palestine: étude historique et archéologique (1975) writes : "around 1108, the Flemish knight Eustache Granier received Caesarea in fief". Jean Richard in The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1979) writes that Eustace Garnier was from the ) and one of the most loyal companions of Baldwin I of Jerusalem. Steven Tibble in Monarchy and Lordships in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099 1291 (1989) writes that Eustace Grenier is "a Flemish knight who had arrived in the Near East some time between 1099 and August 1105". Historian Alan V. Murray in his book The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History 1099 1125 (2000) writes :"However, his origins can be established with a high degree of certainty. The Versus de viris illustribus diocesis Tarvanensis qui in sacra fuere expeditione identifies him as a Fleming from the Diocese of Thérouanne." According to his analysis of the text and his research, Eustace Granier was a military official in the castle of Beaurainville in the County of Saint Pol. He was a rear vassal of Eustace III of Boulogne, because the counts of Saint Pol held Beaurainville in fief from the counts of Boulogne. Eustace's surname implies that either Eustace or one of his ancestors was responsible for the management of a store house. Alan V. Murray says, Eustace most probably came to the Holy Land in the retinue of his lord, Hugh II of Saint Pol, during the First Crusade. Jonathan Riley Smith writes that Eustace arrived to the Kingdom of Jerusalem after 1099. Susan B. Edgington in Albert of Aachen (2007) agrees with this analysis. She writes that Eustace Grenier probably came from Beaurain Château in the County of Saint Pol.
Жозеф Рингель в *Césarée de Palestine: étude historique et archéologique* (1975) пишет: «около 1108 года фламандский рыцарь Юстас Граниер получил Кесарию в феод». Жан Ришар в *The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem* (1979) пишет, что Юстас Гарнье происходил из и был одним из самых верных сподвижников Балдуина I Иерусалимского. Стивен Тиббл в *Monarchy and Lordships in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099–1291* (1989) пишет, что Юстас Гренье – «фламандский рыцарь, прибывший на Ближний Восток в период между 1099 и августом 1105 года». Историк Алан В. Мюррей в своей книге *The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History 1099–1125* (2000) пишет: «Однако его происхождение можно установить с высокой степенью достоверности. В «Versus de viris illustribus diocesis Tarvanensis qui in sacra fuere expeditione» он идентифицируется как фламандец из епархии Теруанны». Согласно его анализу текста и исследованиям, Юстас Граниер был военным чиновником в замке Боренвиль в графстве Сен-Поль. Он был младшим вассалом Юстаса III Булонского, поскольку графы Сен-Поля владели Боренвилем в феоде от графов Булонских. Фамилия Юстаса указывает на то, что либо Юстас, либо один из его предков отвечал за управление амбаром. По словам Алана В. Мюррея, Юстас, вероятно, прибыл в Святую Землю в свите своего господина, Гюга II Сен-Польского, во время Первого крестового похода. Джонатан Райли Смит пишет, что Юстас прибыл в Иерусалимское королевство после 1099 года. Сьюзен Б. Эджингтон в *Albert of Aachen* (2007) согласна с этим анализом. Она пишет, что Юстас Гренье, вероятно, происходил из замка Борен в графстве Сен-Поль.
Eustace I Granier, also known as Eustace Grenier or Eustace Garnier, called in Latin Eustachius Granarius in the charters (born around 1070 and died on 15 June 1123), was a Flemish crusader who took part in the First Crusade. He became lord of Caesarea in 1101 and lord of Sidon in 1110. On 18 April 1123, he was elected constable and bailiff of Jerusalem during the captivity of Baldwin II of Jerusalem. Shortly before his death, he defeated a Fatimid army at the Battle of Yibneh near Ibelin. Eustace Grenier is quoted in a text in verse written during his life in honour of the knights of the diocese of Thérouanne who accompanied Baldwin of Boulogne to the Holy Land. Contemporary authors and historians identify Eustace Grenier as a nobleman from the diocese of Thérouanne in the County of Saint Pol. Alan V. Murray, historian of the Crusades, writes: "However, his origins can be established with a high degree of certainty. The Versus de viris illustribus diocesis Tarvanensis qui in sacra fuere expeditione identifies him as a Fleming from the diocese of Therouanne". written by an unknown author who was one of his contemporaries : The author writes nostris diebus ("it happened nowadays"). In this poem Eustace Grenier is cited among the knights of the Diocese of Thérouanne who accompanied Baldwin of Boulogne, the future king of Jerusalem, to the Holy Land. The author writes :"Par Belramensis, fit princeps Caesariensis
Eustachius notus miles, cognomine Gernirs"
William of Tyre, who was contemporary of Eustace Grenier, indicates him as one of the barons of Baldwin of Boulogne. In the 16th century, Nicolas Despars (Chronicles of Flanders) and Jacques Meyer (Annals of Flanders) mention Eustace Garnier or Grenier in their lists of
the Flemish knights who took an active part in the First Crusade. Jacques Meyer in his Annals of Flanders (1561) mentions that Eustace Grenier was from the diocese of Thérouanne. In the 16th century, Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange writes : « I find several families with this name of Granier or Grenier in France ( ) It is difficult to guess whether Eustache was originally from Aquitaine or Picardy, or even from Flanders, as Meyer wants and who gives him the nickname of Beccam, without I know why. He calls him Beccamensis, that is to say native of Beccam, place which was to be in Flanders or in the neighbouring areas, since the author notes that Godefroi of Bouillon, in the distribution of the conquered places made to the crusader barons, did not forget his compatriots. But we can’t find a town or a village called Beccam. Latin verses in honour of the characters from the diocese of Thérouanne who distinguished themselves in the First Crusade, tell us that Eustache, nicknamed Gernirs, became prince or lord of Caesarea ». In 1865, Paul Edouard Didier Riant, writes that Eustache Grenier is "one of the Flemish vassals" of the king Baldwin I of Jerusalem. In 1892, the abbey and historian Daniel Haigneré in Bulletin de la Société des antiquaires de la Morinie writes an article about the verse written from the time of Eustace Grenier quoting "Eustace, famous knight, named Garnier, prince of Caesarea" among the knights of the diocese of Thérouanne who accompanied Baldwin of Boulogne to the Holy Land. Contemporary sources about Eustace Grenier' origins
Joseph Ringel in Césarée de Palestine: étude historique et archéologique (1975) writes : "around 1108, the Flemish knight Eustache Granier received Caesarea in fief". Jean Richard in The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1979) writes that Eustace Garnier was from the ) and one of the most loyal companions of Baldwin I of Jerusalem. Steven Tibble in Monarchy and Lordships in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099 1291 (1989) writes that Eustace Grenier is "a Flemish knight who had arrived in the Near East some time between 1099 and August 1105". Historian Alan V. Murray in his book The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History 1099 1125 (2000) writes :"However, his origins can be established with a high degree of certainty. The Versus de viris illustribus diocesis Tarvanensis qui in sacra fuere expeditione identifies him as a Fleming from the Diocese of Thérouanne." According to his analysis of the text and his research, Eustace Granier was a military official in the castle of Beaurainville in the County of Saint Pol. He was a rear vassal of Eustace III of Boulogne, because the counts of Saint Pol held Beaurainville in fief from the counts of Boulogne. Eustace's surname implies that either Eustace or one of his ancestors was responsible for the management of a store house. Alan V. Murray says, Eustace most probably came to the Holy Land in the retinue of his lord, Hugh II of Saint Pol, during the First Crusade. Jonathan Riley Smith writes that Eustace arrived to the Kingdom of Jerusalem after 1099. Susan B. Edgington in Albert of Aachen (2007) agrees with this analysis. She writes that Eustace Grenier probably came from Beaurain Château in the County of Saint Pol.
Один из самых важных правителей Иерусалимского царства
Евстафий стал одним из самых доверенных чиновников младшего брата Евстафия III Булонского, Балдуина I Иерусалимского. Его участие в Третьей битве при Рамле в августе 1105 года стало первым зафиксированным событием его жизни в Иерусалимском королевстве. Балдуин назначил его и Пагана из Хайфы начать переговоры с Бертрандом Тулузским, Вильгельмом Иорданским из Сердани и Танкредом, регентом Антиохии, о подготовке конференции для разрешения их конфликтов. Лидеры крестоносцев собрались близ Триполи и достигли соглашения в июне 1109 года. Их примирение позволило объединенным войскам заставить защитников Триполи капитулировать 26 июня. Балдуин I даровал Евстафию Кесарию до сентября 1110 года. Евстафий также получил Сидон, который был взят объединенными силами Балдуина I и Сигурда I Норвежского 5 декабря. Он участвовал в военных кампаниях Балдуина I против Шайзара в 1111 году. В том же году он финансировал строительство осадных машин во время безуспешной осады Тира. Владения Кесарией и Сидоном, а также приданое его жены сделали Евстафия самым влиятельным вельможей во всем королевстве. Он также занимал видное место в королевском совете. Он был одним из четырех светских лордов, присутствовавших на законодательном собрании, созванном преемником Балдуина I, Балдуином II Иерусалимским, и Вармундом, патриархом Иерусалимским, в Наблусе 16 января 1120 года. На собрании были приняты указы, регулирующие сбор и расходование десятины, и предписано преследовать прелюбодеяние, сводничество, гомосексуализм, бигамию и половые отношения между христианами и мусульманами.
Констебль и пристав Иерусалима
После того, как артукидский принц Белек Гази захватил Бальдуина II 18 апреля 1123 года, патриарх Вармунд созвал собрание в Акко, где Евстафий был избран констеблем Иерусалима и бальивом Иерусалима для управления королевством во время пленения короля. Бальдуин вернул себе крепость Харпурт, где он содержался в плену. Евстафий незамедлительно отправил подкрепления в Харпурт на помощь королю, но Балак ибн Бахрам вновь захватил крепость к моменту прибытия крестоносцев. В мае 1123 года армия Фатимидов вторглась в королевство из Аскалона. Евстафий атаковал захватчиков близ Ибелина и разгромил их 29 мая. Он недолго прожил после победы, скончавшись 15 июня 1123 года. Он был похоронен в церкви Святой Марии Латинской. По словам Вильгельма Тирского, он был "мудрым и рассудительным человеком, обладавшим большим опытом в военных делах".
Семья
Евстафий женился на Эмме из Шок, племяннице Арнульфа из Шок, латинского патриарха Иерусалима. Арнульф передал Иерихон Евстафию в качестве приданого Эммы, хотя город принадлежал церкви Гроба Господня. От Эммы у Евстафия родились близнецы: Герард (также известный как Евстафий II) и Вальтер, которые впоследствии унаследовали Сидон и Кесарию соответственно. Эмма вышла замуж за Гюга II де Ле-Пюисе, графа Яффы. Отношения между её вторым мужем и сыновьями были натянутыми. Его потомок, Жюльен Гренье, продал господство над Сидоном рыцарям-тамплиерам после его разрушения монголами в 1260 году, после битвы при Айн-Джалуте. Его потомки продолжали править Кесарийским господством, пока оно не перешло в собственность Жана Алемана по праву брака с Маргарет Гренье в 1238 или 1243 году. Род Гренье (или Граниер) пресёкся с двумя братьями: Балианом II (умершим в Ботроне в 1277 году) и Жаном (умершим в Армении в 1289 году), сыновьями Жюльена Гренье (умершего в 1275 году), лорда Сидона, и его жены Евфимии, дочери Хетума I, короля Армении.