Введение
Южноафриканский заповедник в Мапуталенде
Ndumo Game Reserve is a small South African game reserve located in the far northeast district of KwaZulu Natal known as Maputaland. It is situated on the border with Mozambique where the Pongola River joins the Great Usutu River. It is adjacent to the Tembe Elephant Park. Ndumo is relatively remote, being over from Durban. The town of Mkuze is away. Ndumo hosts a diverse range of habitats including sand forest, dense riverine forest, floodplains, alluvial plains, reedbeds, grassland, broad leaved and acacia woodlands and extremely dense thornveld. Ndumo is popular for its birdlife and despite its small size, the reserve has recorded in excess of 430 bird species including residents and seasonal migrants. The park's abundance of pans, floodplains and rivers (Pongola & Usutu) provide suitable habitat for many aquatic species. The Maputaland area in general is relatively rich in birdlife due to ecosystem diversity as well as its geographical location: the area forms the southernmost range for a great many eastern and north eastern African bird species. The area receives a high annual rainfall. A short list of sought after bird species resident to Ndumo:
Pel's fishing owl
Narina trogon
African broadbill
Eastern nicator (formerly "yellow spotted nicator" but this name is now given to another bird, the western nicator)
African cuckoo hawk
Large mammals found in Ndumo include nyala, hippopotamus, Nile crocodile, impala and Cape buffalo. Big cats are absent from the park. Elephants are prolific at the neighbouring Tembe Elephant Park. As with all parts of Maputaland, malaria is endemic and visitors are advised to take the proper precautions. There is an Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife campsite and hutted camp. This park is to be included into the: Usuthu Tembe Futi Transfrontier Conservation Area.
Заповедник Ндумо – небольшой южноафриканский заповедник, расположенный в крайнем северо-восточном районе провинции Квазулу-Натал, известном как Мапуталенд. Он находится на границе с Мозамбиком, в месте слияния реки Понгола и реки Большой Усуту. Заповедник граничит с парком слонов Тембе. Ндумо относительно удален – более [расстояние] от Дурбана. Город Мкузе находится в [расстояние]. В Ндумо представлен разнообразный спектр сред обитания, включая песчаный лес, густые прибрежные леса, поймы, аллювиальные равнины, заросли тростника, луга, широколиственные и акациевые рощи, а также чрезвычайно густые колючие кустарники. Ндумо популярен благодаря богатому разнообразию птиц, и, несмотря на свои небольшие размеры, в заповеднике зарегистрировано более 430 видов птиц, включая местные виды и сезонных перелетных птиц. Обилие водоемов, пойм и рек (Понгола и Усуту) в парке обеспечивает подходящую среду обитания для многих водных видов. Район Мапуталенда в целом отличается богатством птичьей фауны благодаря разнообразию экосистем и своему географическому положению: эта территория является южной границей распространения для многих видов птиц восточной и северо-восточной Африки. В этом районе выпадает большое количество осадков в год. Краткий список востребованных видов птиц, обитающих в Ндумо:
Ndumo Game Reserve is a small South African game reserve located in the far northeast district of KwaZulu Natal known as Maputaland. It is situated on the border with Mozambique where the Pongola River joins the Great Usutu River. It is adjacent to the Tembe Elephant Park. Ndumo is relatively remote, being over from Durban. The town of Mkuze is away. Ndumo hosts a diverse range of habitats including sand forest, dense riverine forest, floodplains, alluvial plains, reedbeds, grassland, broad leaved and acacia woodlands and extremely dense thornveld. Ndumo is popular for its birdlife and despite its small size, the reserve has recorded in excess of 430 bird species including residents and seasonal migrants. The park's abundance of pans, floodplains and rivers (Pongola & Usutu) provide suitable habitat for many aquatic species. The Maputaland area in general is relatively rich in birdlife due to ecosystem diversity as well as its geographical location: the area forms the southernmost range for a great many eastern and north eastern African bird species. The area receives a high annual rainfall. A short list of sought after bird species resident to Ndumo:
Pel's fishing owl
Narina trogon
African broadbill
Eastern nicator (formerly "yellow spotted nicator" but this name is now given to another bird, the western nicator)
African cuckoo hawk
Large mammals found in Ndumo include nyala, hippopotamus, Nile crocodile, impala and Cape buffalo. Big cats are absent from the park. Elephants are prolific at the neighbouring Tembe Elephant Park. As with all parts of Maputaland, malaria is endemic and visitors are advised to take the proper precautions. There is an Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife campsite and hutted camp. This park is to be included into the: Usuthu Tembe Futi Transfrontier Conservation Area.
Рыболов Пеля
Трогон Нарины
Африканский широклювый
Восточный никатор (ранее известный как "желтопятнистый никатор", но это название теперь дано другому виду – западному никатору)
Африканский кукушко-ястреб
Ndumo Game Reserve is a small South African game reserve located in the far northeast district of KwaZulu Natal known as Maputaland. It is situated on the border with Mozambique where the Pongola River joins the Great Usutu River. It is adjacent to the Tembe Elephant Park. Ndumo is relatively remote, being over from Durban. The town of Mkuze is away. Ndumo hosts a diverse range of habitats including sand forest, dense riverine forest, floodplains, alluvial plains, reedbeds, grassland, broad leaved and acacia woodlands and extremely dense thornveld. Ndumo is popular for its birdlife and despite its small size, the reserve has recorded in excess of 430 bird species including residents and seasonal migrants. The park's abundance of pans, floodplains and rivers (Pongola & Usutu) provide suitable habitat for many aquatic species. The Maputaland area in general is relatively rich in birdlife due to ecosystem diversity as well as its geographical location: the area forms the southernmost range for a great many eastern and north eastern African bird species. The area receives a high annual rainfall. A short list of sought after bird species resident to Ndumo:
Pel's fishing owl
Narina trogon
African broadbill
Eastern nicator (formerly "yellow spotted nicator" but this name is now given to another bird, the western nicator)
African cuckoo hawk
Large mammals found in Ndumo include nyala, hippopotamus, Nile crocodile, impala and Cape buffalo. Big cats are absent from the park. Elephants are prolific at the neighbouring Tembe Elephant Park. As with all parts of Maputaland, malaria is endemic and visitors are advised to take the proper precautions. There is an Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife campsite and hutted camp. This park is to be included into the: Usuthu Tembe Futi Transfrontier Conservation Area.
Крупные млекопитающие, обитающие в Ндумо, включают ньялу, бегемота, нильского крокодила, импалу и мысного буйвола. Крупных кошек в парке нет. В соседнем парке слонов Тембе слоны встречаются в большом количестве. Как и во всех частях Мапуталенда, малярия эндемична, и посетителям рекомендуется принимать соответствующие меры предосторожности. На территории заповедника есть кемпинг и лагерь с домиками, принадлежащие Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife. Этот парк будет включен в состав трансграничной природоохранной зоны Усуту-Тембе-Фути.
Ndumo Game Reserve is a small South African game reserve located in the far northeast district of KwaZulu Natal known as Maputaland. It is situated on the border with Mozambique where the Pongola River joins the Great Usutu River. It is adjacent to the Tembe Elephant Park. Ndumo is relatively remote, being over from Durban. The town of Mkuze is away. Ndumo hosts a diverse range of habitats including sand forest, dense riverine forest, floodplains, alluvial plains, reedbeds, grassland, broad leaved and acacia woodlands and extremely dense thornveld. Ndumo is popular for its birdlife and despite its small size, the reserve has recorded in excess of 430 bird species including residents and seasonal migrants. The park's abundance of pans, floodplains and rivers (Pongola & Usutu) provide suitable habitat for many aquatic species. The Maputaland area in general is relatively rich in birdlife due to ecosystem diversity as well as its geographical location: the area forms the southernmost range for a great many eastern and north eastern African bird species. The area receives a high annual rainfall. A short list of sought after bird species resident to Ndumo:
Pel's fishing owl
Narina trogon
African broadbill
Eastern nicator (formerly "yellow spotted nicator" but this name is now given to another bird, the western nicator)
African cuckoo hawk
Large mammals found in Ndumo include nyala, hippopotamus, Nile crocodile, impala and Cape buffalo. Big cats are absent from the park. Elephants are prolific at the neighbouring Tembe Elephant Park. As with all parts of Maputaland, malaria is endemic and visitors are advised to take the proper precautions. There is an Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife campsite and hutted camp. This park is to be included into the: Usuthu Tembe Futi Transfrontier Conservation Area.
Выселение коренных народов
В 1924 году территория, которая сейчас является заповедником Ндумо, была объявлена Южной Африкой охраняемой зоной. В 1950-х и 1960-х годах местные жители были насильственно выселены со своих исконных земель. Несмотря на то, что общины Ндумо юридически оспаривали свое право на эту землю, им отказали в возможности вернуться, предоставив взамен финансовую компенсацию и (теоретически) право участвовать в управлении. Один из жителей вспоминает об этом периоде так: "Тогда мы были богаты: ели сладкий картофель, бананы, мадумбе [корнеплоды], маниок и тыквы. Мы пили воду из реки Усуту. Сегодня эта река отдана бегемотам и крокодилам, а наши дети умирают от засухи. Дикие плоды остаются на откорм обезьянам, а носороги пасутся на могилах наших предков". Нерешенный спор о контроле над землей и продолжающиеся проблемы с управлением природными ресурсами на основе местных сообществ как модель сохранения в провинции (Meer 2010) привели к парадоксальной ситуации, когда восточная часть этого объявленного провинциального заповедника дикой природы сейчас занята и обрабатывается местными жителями. Это происходит, несмотря на статус этой территории как водно-болотного угодья Рамсарского значения международного значения, присвоенного ей в 1997 году. Сельскохозяйственные угодья вытесняют местную растительность и дикую природу, а крокодилы больше не гнездятся на берегах реки.