Киандра: Заброшенный город золотоискателей в Австралийских Альпах

the Sydney ferry

Kiandra is an abandoned gold mining town and the birthplace of Australian skiing. The town is situated in the Snowy Mountains of New South Wales, Australia, in the Snowy Monaro Regional Council inside the Kosciuszko National Park. Its name is a corruption of Aboriginal 'Gianderra' for 'sharp stones for knives'. It was earlier called Gibson's Plains, named after a Dr. Gibson, a settler in the district in 1839. For a century (until the establishment of Cabramurra), Kiandra was Australia's highest town. Kiandra lies approximately north west of Cooma on the Snowy Mountains Highway between Adaminaby and Talbingo. It sits at above sea level and is situated on a high, treeless ridge on the banks of the Eucumbene River, which is snow covered during winter and is subject to high winds. It lies in the Australian Alps montane grasslands bioregion according to Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia. After decades of decline, restoration work on the remaining buildings at Kiandra took place from 2009 to 2020, including work on the historic Kiandra Courthouse Chalet and Wolgal Lodge fishing cottage being conducted by the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) and volunteers, enabling occasional amenities and limited accommodation at Kiandra. The remaining buildings in the town were either destroyed or severely damaged during the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season.

In November 1859, gold was discovered by mountain cattlemen, the Pollock brothers, and by March 1860, some 10,000 miners and storekeepers had raced to the scene. Initial returns were very good. A 9 kg nugget was discovered in river deposits under what became known as New Chum Hill. Kiandra post office opened on 1 June 1860 and it is estimated that the area at its peak accommodated around 15,000 people, served by 25 stores, 13 bakers, 16 butchers, 14 pubs, several banks and four blacksmiths. Nevertheless, by 1861, the Sydney Morning Herald was reporting a "mass exodus" and the easy pickings were exhausted. Significant numbers of Chinese people worked the Kiandra goldfields. Chinese miners built Three Mile Dam in 1882 to assist with sluicing operations at "New Chum Hill". The scenic lake still exists and now supplies Selwyn Snowfields with its snow making water requirements. Wikipedia's Chinese site lists Kiandra as 奇安德拉 (Qi An De La). The last mining operations finally ceased around 1905. Official total production recorded was 48 676 kg.

The last resident left Kiandra in 1974, after which the NPWS took over the town and completed its demolition of most of its buildings. This decision by the NPWS not to preserve much of the human heritage of the township remains a source of resentment in some quarters in the district to this day. In 2012, public accommodation returned to Kiandra with the opening of the restored Wolgal Lodge for bookings. The opening of the 1960s fishing cottage was in part conducted to create and demonstrate a market demand for Kiandra based accommodation, which, according to the Snowy Times, could prove a "market based argument for restoring the Kiandra Courthouse and Chalet for accommodation". Easter 2013 saw all four of Kiandra's buildings in public use for the first time in decades with guided tours and exhibitions including the Matthew's Cottage exhibition and the Pattinson's cottage house museum.

During the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season, on 3 January 2020, the Dunns Road fire burned from Batlow into Kosciuszko National Park and burning much of the northern part of the park. The courthouse was severely damaged, the fire burning so hot that the glass and aluminium in the windows melted. Wolgal Hut and Pattisons Huts were also feared to have been destroyed.

Historic Kiandra: A Guide to the History of the District, by D. G. Moye (editor) was published by the Cooma Monaro Historical Society to mark the centenary of the Kiandra Goldrush in 1959, and remains in print. Australian High Country enthusiast Klause Hueneke has written two books on the Kiandra region: Huts of the High Country, 1982 and Kiandra to Kosciusko, 1987. The Kiandra Pioneer Ski Club published two histories: Kiandra – Gold Fields to Ski Fields (2006) and Lapland Snow Shoes in Australia (2010). The poet Barcroft Boake wrote a poem about skiing at Kiandra, entitled "The Demon Snow Shoes: A Legend of Kiandra". Banjo Paterson referenced Kiandra in his poetry as in A Mountain Station (The Bulletin, 19 December 1891). Patrick White's first novel, Happy Valley (1939), has Kiandra thinly disguised as the township of "Kambala". The 2011 time travel/science fiction adventure novel Falling into History, by Peter Fleming, is partially set in Kiandra. The Township has been subject to various archaeological studies, including a project by the Australian National University Department of Archaeology and Anthropology under the direction of Drs Mike Smith, Ken Heffernan and Annie Clark in the mid 1990s. The Kiandra Historical Society remains a useful resource of record for the history of the town. A number of interesting photographic studies were taken of life at Kiandra, including a series by Charles Kerry, and a scene of Chinese miners near the Township.

Owing to its elevation, Kiandra has a cool oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), as at least 4 months see a mean temperature above ; closely bordering on a Subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc); having cold and very snowy winters, alongside summers that are very cool with the odd snowfall. Kiandra receives an average of 47.5 snowy days annually. If using the isotherm, Kiandra qualifies for the continental (Dfb) climate type which is extremely rare in the Southern Hemisphere and arguably nonexistent in Australia. Indeed, using the original isotherm, it is firmly a cool oceanic climate. Climate statistics were compiled at the Kiandra Chalet site, elevation AMSL, from the year 1866 until 1974. Temperature averages were compiled from 1897 to 1974 but extreme temperature readings were not digitised until 1957. The lowest temperature recorded at Kiandra is on 2 August 1929, also the lowest temperature recorded in Australia at that time. The highest temperature is , recorded during a severe heatwave in southeast Australia in January 1939. In the digitised records available for the years 1957–1974 displayed in the following table, the lowest temperature recorded is on 21 July 1965 and 10 August 1966, while the highest temperature is on 31 January 1968.