Луис Энрике Табара: Жизнь и творчество эквадорского художника

Ecuadorian painter (1930–2021)

Luis Enrique Tábara (21 February 1930 – 25 January 2021) was a master Ecuadorian painter and teacher representing a whole Hispanic pictorial and artistic culture. Tábara was born in Guayaquil. He became interested in art as a child and was drawing regularly by the age of six. In these early years, Tabara was strongly encouraged by both his sister and his mother. Enrique Tábara nevertheless was a creator who investigated and demystified the image in which he took refuge. Tábara's vitality is a constant that reveals the versatile spirit of a teacher and a master of experimentation. Tábara was greatly influenced by the Constructivist Movement, founded around 1913 by Russian artist Vladimir Tatlin, which made its way into Europe and Latin America by way of Uruguayan painter Joaquín Torres García and Parisian/Ecuadorian painter Manuel Rendón. Torres Garcia and Rendón both made an enormous impact on Latin American artists such as Tábara, Aníbal Villacís, Theo Constanté, Oswaldo Viteri, Estuardo Maldonado, Luis Molinari, Félix Aráuz and Carlos Catasse, to name a few.

In 1946, Tábara attended the School of Fine Arts in Guayaquil and was mentored by German artist Hans Michaelson and Guayaquilean artist, Luis Martinez Serrano. In 1951, Tábara finished mastering the fundamentals and left art school. Tábara's early works typically depicted grotesque characters, marginalized peoples of Guayaquil, prostitutes, and some portraits. By 1953, Tábara began to paint more abstract images. Tábara held his first US exhibit in 1954 at the Organization of American States (OAS) in Washington, D. C. In 1955, the Ecuadorian government offered Tábara a scholarship to study at the Escuela Official de Bellas Artes de Barcelona. Tábara's work was welcomed with great success in Spain and Tábara befriended surrealist André Breton and Joan Miró. By 1959, Tábara's work had gained a great deal of international attention. André Breton asked Tábara to represent Spain in the Homage to Surrealism Exhibition, among the works of Salvador Dalí, Joan Miró, and Eugenio Granell. Miró enthusiastically praised Tábara's work and presented Tábara with an original piece of his artwork which Tábara has long treasured. While living in Barcelona, Tábara began working with Antoni Tàpies, Antonio Saura, Manolo Millares, Modest Cuixart and many other Spanish Informalist artists. Tàpies and Cuixart were members of the first Post War Movement in Spain known as Dau al Set, founded by Catalan poet Joan Brossa. Tábara wrote several articles for their publication of the same name, Dau al Set. Dau al Set was connected with Surrealism and Dadaism and its members sought a connection to both the conscious and unconscious in their work. Dau al Set opposed both the Formalist Movement and the formal art centers. The group was inspired by the early works of Max Ernst, Paul Klee, and Joan Miró. In 1963, Tábara represented Ecuador together with Humberto Moré and Theo Constanté at the Museum of Modern Art in Paris for the Third Biennial of Paris. By 1964, Tábara's work was being shown throughout Latin America, as well as Lausanne, Milan, Grenchen, Vienna, Lisbon, Munich, Barcelona, Madrid, Washington, New York and Paris.

After living and painting in Europe for over nine years Tábara felt that there was not enough being done in the name of Latin American Modern art so in 1964 he returned to Ecuador in search of a new aesthetic. Tábara reconnected to his roots through the Latin American current of "Ancestralism", which finds inspiration in pre Hispanic cultures that inhabited the continent (third stage). Tábara is the first artist to use the Pre Columbian motif as a search for a new aesthetic. Shortly after returning to Ecuador, Tábara and Villacís founded the Informalist art group, VAN (Vanguardia Artística Nacional), that was in opposition to the Indigenous Art Movement. VAN had a double meaning, from the avant garde term, Vanguard, as well as, the Spanish phrase "se van" meaning, "they are going". In other words, the artists were moving on, away from Guayasaminism and Indigenous Art Movement that had been dominating the art scene of Ecuador for decades. VAN consisted of Tábara, Villacís, Maldonado, Cifuentes, Molinari, Almeida, and Muriel. VAN strongly opposed the Communist political views of Oswaldo Guayasamín and was in a constant search for new artistic pathways while never losing a connection to their Pre Columbian roots.

Finally, Tábara started to paint simple shapes inspired in nature, and also other simple structures, such as his famed "Patas Patas", or Feet Feet, as well as insects and shrubs. Tábara is most known for his Patas Patas works which contain legs with feet incorporated into the piece. When asked about this subject matter, Tábara said that one day he was drawing a figure but he didn't like it, so he ripped it up and the feet of the figure landed at his feet, thus his fate. It has been suggested by some critics that Tábara's use of feet was possibly a subtle statement in opposition to Guayasamin's use of hands. In some of Tábara's Patas Patas works, the legs are bold focal points that stand out clearly. In other works, the legs are more obscure or seem to be hidden within shrubs, bones or abstract forms. Tábara was an artist who was in a constant, infinite search. He liked to experiment and live "pictorical adventures". He believed that in art one has to pose difficult problems for oneself and solve them on the canvas. Today, Tábara is considered one of the most important artists of the last century and has been lauded as a national treasure in Ecuador. In 1988, Tábara was awarded the Premio Eugenio Espejo, the country's most prestigious National Award for Art, Literature and Culture presented by the president of Ecuador. Tábara continued to paint with a vigorous spirit in his home town of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Barcelona is considered Tábara's home away from home.

Museo de Arte de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Museo de Arte Moderno de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Armada, Armanda, Portugal. Museo de Arte Moderno de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia. Museo de Arte de Ponce, Ponce, Puerto Rico. Museo de la Universidad de Rio Piedras, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico. Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Panamá, Panamá. Museo de Bellas Artes de Bochum, Bochem, Germany. Museo Juan Abello Mollet, Barcelona, Spain. Museo Omar Rayo, Roldanillo, Colombia. Museo Rufino Tamayo, Mexico City, Mexico. Museum of Modern Art, Paris, France. Museum of Latin American Art (MoLAA), Long Beach, California, U. S.
Bronx Museum of the Arts, Bronx, New York, U. S.
Jack S. Blanton Museum, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, U. S.
Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile. Museo de Arte Moderno de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador. Museo del Banco Central, Quito, Ecuador. The Museum of American Art of Maldonado (MAAM), Maldonado, Uruguay. Museo del Niño, San José, Costa Rica. Museo de Arte del Banco Central, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Museo de la Casa de la Cultura, Quito, Ecuador. Museo de la Casa de la Cultura, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Museo Antropológico de Arte Contemporaneo (MAAC), Guayaquil, Ecuador. El Museo del Barrio, New York, U. S
Pumapungo Museum of the Central Bank of River Basin, River Basin, Ecuador. Misrashi Gallery, Mexico City, Mexico. Ortiz Leiva Gallery of Art, Glendale, California, U. S.
Galeria Elite Fine Art, Miami, Florida, U. S.
Eugenia Cucalón Gallery, New York, U. S.
Museo de América, Madrid, Spain. Collection of Carrie Adrian, New York, U. S.
Collection John and Barbara Duncan, New York, U. S.
Collection of Castle Cooke, San Francisco, California, U. S.
Collection of the Pan American Union, Washington, D. C., U. S.
Colección Galeria Goya, Mexico City, Mexico. Coleccion Sr. Jorge Eljuri, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Coleccion Sr. Georges Kasper, Lausanne, Switzerland. Coleccion Sr, René Metrás, Barcelona, Spain. Coleccion Sr. Horst Moeller, Germany.