Введение
Роберт Клифт-младший (4 января 1824 – октябрь 1859) – американский солдат и один из первых поселенцев Калифорнии. Клифт родился в Димоке, Англия, в семье Роберта-старшего и Элизабет Клифт, которые впоследствии приняли мормонизм и эмигрировали в Соединенные Штаты. Он был третьим лейтенантом в роте C мормонского батальона. Батальон совершил марш из Каунсил-Блаффс, Айова, в Сан-Диего во время мексикано-американской войны. Батальон прибыл в Сан-Диего в январе 1847 года, но опоздал к окончанию войны. Они выполняли работы по благоустройству, которые завоевали им расположение местного населения, изначально относившегося к батальону с опаской. Когда в июле 1847 года их собирались уволить, жители Сан-Диего подписали петицию с просьбой о повторном зачислении на дополнительную службу, и многие, включая Клифта, согласились. С июня 1847 года по март 1848 года Клифт был Juez de Pas (мировым судьей) в Сан-Диего-Пуэбло. Джон Вуртин в своей статье отмечает, что Клифт также служил исполняющим обязанности помощника квартирмейстера и комиссара с приказом о накоплении шестимесячного запаса продовольствия. Поскольку его запросы на поставки никогда не удовлетворялись полностью, накопление запасов оставалось самой насущной проблемой Клифта. Несмотря на то, что в октябре гарнизон Сан-Диего почти исчерпал запасы провизии, Клифт успешно справился со сложной ситуацией и в целом обеспечивал солдат достаточным пайком. Полковник Стивенсон высоко ценил Роберта Клифта, называя его самым компетентным офицером Святых последних дней в Мормонском добровольческом корпусе. Заместитель Алкаде (Suplente) Генри Д. Фич был занят срочными делами в Лос-Анджелесе и рекомендовал назначить Клифта исполняющим обязанности Алкаде на его место в июне 1847 года, эту должность он занимал до конца года. В письме военного губернатора Калифорнии Ричарда Б. Мейсона он пишет:
also served as the Acting Assistant Quartermaster and Commissary Officer with orders to accumulate a full six months' supply of rations. Since his requisitions were never filled completely, stock piling of rations remained Clift's most persistent problem. Although the San Diego garrison nearly ran out of provisions during October, Clift managed the difficult situation well and generally supplied full rations to the men. Colonel Stevenson thought highly of Robert Clift, calling him the most competent Latter day Saint officer in the Mormon Volunteers. The Substitute Alcalde (Suplente), Henry D. Fitch had pressing business in Los Angeles, so he recommended Clift be appointed Substitute Alcade in his place in June 1847, a post he held until later that year. In a letter from California Military Governor Richard B. Mason he writes:
While at San Diego Capt Fitch the Alcalde expressed great anxiety to resign his place if not permanently for a short time that he might go north on business of the utmost importance to himself, he applied to me to sanction his appointment of Lt. Clift of the Mormon Battalion A. Lt. Master & Commissary of that Post as acting Alcalde during his temporary absence; I was well informed that under Mexican laws an Alcalde has the power of appointing a temporary successor under sanction of the Commander of the District. I endorsed my approval upon Clift's appointment being well satisfied that he was a very proper person and a great favorite in the town, and if he should reenter the Service and he can with propriety be appointed Alcalde permanently in the place of Fitch I would respectfully recommend it. From all I can learn the mode of transacting business by the Alcalde here differs materially from those practiced at San Francisco and Monterey—for instance here there are no trials by Jury
Using custom duties, Clift received permission from Governor Mason to build a brick building that was used as a courthouse, schoolhouse, and later office for Mayor, City Clerk, and County Board of Supervisors. This was the first fired brick building in San Diego. The courthouse was reconstructed in 1992 from the ground up and is located in the South corner of the square in Old Town State Park. In 1851 Clift and about twenty other Mormons bought land and moved near the Cajon Pass, San Bernardino County. When San Bernardino County was organized January 1853, he was elected the first County sheriff. He was Captain of the First Light Dragoons, a militia unit formed in the county in 1856. In 1857 the Mormons were recalled to Utah, due to difficulties with the U. S. Government in Utah, and Clift likely followed. In 1859 Clift was a sub agent for the California & Salt Lake Mail Route. He was reportedly killed by Indians near the Humboldt River while scouting a path to connect the older California Trail with the new Simpson's Route across Nevada.
"В Сан-Диего капитан Фитч, Алкаде, выразил крайнюю обеспокоенность по поводу возможной отставки, как бы то ни было – временно или навсегда – чтобы он мог отправиться на север по делам, имеющим для него первостепенное значение. Он обратился ко мне с просьбой санкционировать назначение лейтенанта Клифта из мормонского батальона, лейтенанта-мастера и комиссара этого поста, исполняющим обязанности Алкаде на время его отсутствия; мне было известно, что согласно мексиканским законам Алкаде имеет право назначать временного преемника с одобрения командующего округом. Я одобрил назначение Клифта, будучи полностью уверенным в его благонадежности и популярности среди горожан, и если он вновь поступит на службу и его можно будет надлежащим образом назначить Алкаде на постоянной основе вместо Фича, я с уважением буду это рекомендовать. Судя по всему, порядок ведения дел здесь существенно отличается от принятого в Сан-Франциско и Монтерее – например, здесь нет судебных процессов с участием присяжных."
also served as the Acting Assistant Quartermaster and Commissary Officer with orders to accumulate a full six months' supply of rations. Since his requisitions were never filled completely, stock piling of rations remained Clift's most persistent problem. Although the San Diego garrison nearly ran out of provisions during October, Clift managed the difficult situation well and generally supplied full rations to the men. Colonel Stevenson thought highly of Robert Clift, calling him the most competent Latter day Saint officer in the Mormon Volunteers. The Substitute Alcalde (Suplente), Henry D. Fitch had pressing business in Los Angeles, so he recommended Clift be appointed Substitute Alcade in his place in June 1847, a post he held until later that year. In a letter from California Military Governor Richard B. Mason he writes:
While at San Diego Capt Fitch the Alcalde expressed great anxiety to resign his place if not permanently for a short time that he might go north on business of the utmost importance to himself, he applied to me to sanction his appointment of Lt. Clift of the Mormon Battalion A. Lt. Master & Commissary of that Post as acting Alcalde during his temporary absence; I was well informed that under Mexican laws an Alcalde has the power of appointing a temporary successor under sanction of the Commander of the District. I endorsed my approval upon Clift's appointment being well satisfied that he was a very proper person and a great favorite in the town, and if he should reenter the Service and he can with propriety be appointed Alcalde permanently in the place of Fitch I would respectfully recommend it. From all I can learn the mode of transacting business by the Alcalde here differs materially from those practiced at San Francisco and Monterey—for instance here there are no trials by Jury
Using custom duties, Clift received permission from Governor Mason to build a brick building that was used as a courthouse, schoolhouse, and later office for Mayor, City Clerk, and County Board of Supervisors. This was the first fired brick building in San Diego. The courthouse was reconstructed in 1992 from the ground up and is located in the South corner of the square in Old Town State Park. In 1851 Clift and about twenty other Mormons bought land and moved near the Cajon Pass, San Bernardino County. When San Bernardino County was organized January 1853, he was elected the first County sheriff. He was Captain of the First Light Dragoons, a militia unit formed in the county in 1856. In 1857 the Mormons were recalled to Utah, due to difficulties with the U. S. Government in Utah, and Clift likely followed. In 1859 Clift was a sub agent for the California & Salt Lake Mail Route. He was reportedly killed by Indians near the Humboldt River while scouting a path to connect the older California Trail with the new Simpson's Route across Nevada.
Используя средства от таможенных пошлин, Клифт получил разрешение от губернатора Мейсона построить кирпичное здание, которое использовалось в качестве здания суда, школы, а затем офиса мэра, городского клерка и Совета надзорников округа. Это было первое здание из обожженного кирпича в Сан-Диего. Здание суда было полностью реконструировано в 1992 году и расположено в южном углу площади в Старом городском парке. В 1851 году Клифт и около двадцати других мормонов приобрели землю и переехали в район перевала Кахон, округ Сан-Бернардино. Когда округ Сан-Бернардино был организован в январе 1853 года, он был избран первым шерифом округа. Он был капитаном Первого легкого драгунского полка, ополченческого подразделения, сформированного в округе в 1856 году. В 1857 году мормоны были отозваны в Юту из-за проблем с правительством США в Юте, и Клифт, вероятно, последовал за ними. В 1859 году Клифт был суб-агентом почтового маршрута California & Salt Lake Mail Route. По сообщениям, он был убит индейцами возле реки Гумбольдт во время разведки пути, соединяющего старую Калифорнийскую тропу с новым маршрутом Симпсона через Неваду.
also served as the Acting Assistant Quartermaster and Commissary Officer with orders to accumulate a full six months' supply of rations. Since his requisitions were never filled completely, stock piling of rations remained Clift's most persistent problem. Although the San Diego garrison nearly ran out of provisions during October, Clift managed the difficult situation well and generally supplied full rations to the men. Colonel Stevenson thought highly of Robert Clift, calling him the most competent Latter day Saint officer in the Mormon Volunteers. The Substitute Alcalde (Suplente), Henry D. Fitch had pressing business in Los Angeles, so he recommended Clift be appointed Substitute Alcade in his place in June 1847, a post he held until later that year. In a letter from California Military Governor Richard B. Mason he writes:
While at San Diego Capt Fitch the Alcalde expressed great anxiety to resign his place if not permanently for a short time that he might go north on business of the utmost importance to himself, he applied to me to sanction his appointment of Lt. Clift of the Mormon Battalion A. Lt. Master & Commissary of that Post as acting Alcalde during his temporary absence; I was well informed that under Mexican laws an Alcalde has the power of appointing a temporary successor under sanction of the Commander of the District. I endorsed my approval upon Clift's appointment being well satisfied that he was a very proper person and a great favorite in the town, and if he should reenter the Service and he can with propriety be appointed Alcalde permanently in the place of Fitch I would respectfully recommend it. From all I can learn the mode of transacting business by the Alcalde here differs materially from those practiced at San Francisco and Monterey—for instance here there are no trials by Jury
Using custom duties, Clift received permission from Governor Mason to build a brick building that was used as a courthouse, schoolhouse, and later office for Mayor, City Clerk, and County Board of Supervisors. This was the first fired brick building in San Diego. The courthouse was reconstructed in 1992 from the ground up and is located in the South corner of the square in Old Town State Park. In 1851 Clift and about twenty other Mormons bought land and moved near the Cajon Pass, San Bernardino County. When San Bernardino County was organized January 1853, he was elected the first County sheriff. He was Captain of the First Light Dragoons, a militia unit formed in the county in 1856. In 1857 the Mormons were recalled to Utah, due to difficulties with the U. S. Government in Utah, and Clift likely followed. In 1859 Clift was a sub agent for the California & Salt Lake Mail Route. He was reportedly killed by Indians near the Humboldt River while scouting a path to connect the older California Trail with the new Simpson's Route across Nevada.