Комплекс зданий Колумбийского университета в Париже: История и Наследие Рейд-Холла

the Columbia University buildings in Paris

Reid Hall is a complex of academic facilities owned and operated by Columbia University that is located in the Montparnasse quartier of Paris, France. It houses the Columbia University Institute for Scholars at Reid Hall in addition to various graduate and undergraduate divisions of over a dozen American colleges and universities. For over a century, Reid Hall has served as a link between the academic communities of the United States and France.

Reid Hall's origins date to the mid eighteenth century, when it served as a porcelain factory and warehouse. By 1799, the building was purchased by two French brothers by the name of Dagoty, who succeeded in converting the building to one of the largest and most successful porcelain factories in France. By 1812, the Dagoty brothers had over a hundred workers in their employ and built an additional three warehouses and four storerooms, one of which was richly ornamented with mirrors and decorative shelves. Their porcelain was not only popular in the dining rooms of the local bourgeoisie, but was also purchased for such residences as the castle of Compiègne, the palace of Versailles, and the White House in Washington, D. C. James Monroe, who was then the President of the United States, commissioned a Dagoty china service featuring an American eagle motif for use at official state dinners.

In 1834, the site became the home of the Keller Institute, the first Protestant school established in France since the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, whose student body came from the home of bourgeois Huguenots, or French Protestants, and wealthy expatriates. Students included André Gide, who attended the Institute in 1886, an experience that he later described in his writings.

By 1893,The Keller Institute was forced to close its doors, and the complex was purchased by the philanthropist and social activist Elizabeth Mills Reid, whose father, Darius O. Mills, had been president of the Bank of California, and whose husband was the American plenipotentiary minister to Paris, Whitelaw Reid. Mrs. Reid then established the American Girls' Club in Paris in hopes of providing artistic and academic opportunities to young American women living in Paris. The success of the club allowed Reid to expand the complex to include a neighboring building and its courtyard.

At the outbreak of World War I, the property was converted into a hospital, and its classrooms were used to house wounded soldiers. The complex saw a number of new buildings constructed at this time to provide more adequated facilities for the enormous number of casualties being cared for by the American Red Cross. After the war's end, the site remained in the hands of the American Red Cross until 1922.

In 1922, Reid began converting the complex to house a center for advanced and university studies for American women. Reid Hall became important to American women's academics in Western Europe, and grew along with Franco American artistic activity in the Montparnasse quarter during the inter war period, with visits and lectures being provided by influential neighbors including Gertrude Stein and Nadia Boulanger. During World War II, Reid Hall became a refuge, first for Polish university women, then for Belgian teachers, and later for the women students of the Ecole Normale Superieure de Sèvres. After the war, the property was converted once again to a university center, this time with a coeducational student body. The Sweet Briar College Junior Year in France and others were based at Reid Hall. Elizabeth Mill Reid's daughter in law (and former social secretary) Helen Rogers Reid continued to own the property but in 1964 she gave the property to Columbia University.