2XL: Робот с характером и интеллектом

1970s 1990s Educational Toy

2 XL (2 XL Robot, 2XL Robot, 2 XL Toy) is an educational toy robot that was marketed from 1978–1981 by the Mego Corporation, and from 1992–1995 by Tiger Electronics. 2 XL was the first "smart toy" in that it exhibited rudimentary intelligence, memory, gameplay, and responsiveness. 2 XL was infused with a "personality" that kept kids focused and challenged as they interacted with the verbal robot. Learning was enhanced via the use of jokes and funny sayings as verbal reinforcements for performance. 2 XL was heralded as an important step in the development of toys, particularly educational ones. 2 XL won many awards, and Playthings, a toy industry magazine, placed 2 XL on its 75th anniversary cover as one of the industry's top ten toys of all time.

The toy was invented and licensed for manufacture by Michael J. Freeman, inventor, Ph. D. and was patented. 2 XL exhibited rudimentary intelligence, memory, gameplay, and responsiveness. Dubbed the "Toy with a Personality," 2 XL could respond verbally to the user depending upon which "input or answer" buttons were chosen. 2 XL during its run was one of the most popular toys in terms of market revenue and was dubbed the Talking Robot with a mind of its own. The toy was voiced by Freeman,
using a synthesizer to make his voice a high pitched robot like sound; it was through this process that Freeman developed 2 XL's personality. 2 XL was first introduced in 1978 by the Mego Corporation, a publicly traded US based toy company in New York City and it subsequently became a success. The toy was sold in different countries and the tapes were translated into seven foreign languages. Games were also developed for the toy. In addition to its general popularity, 2 XL was unprecedented in terms of market revenue. "The 2XL was hot, in demand, and everyone wanted one." "It was a great way to make learning cool and fun." Playthings magazine, in its cover story of September 1978, considered the 2 XL robot as one of the most important toys ever developed, and included it in a class of "toys with impact" along with the Teddy Bear, Barbie Doll, Raggedy Ann, Mickey Mouse among others. The robot was a popular educational toy whose success anticipated the dominant influence of technology in education today. Dubbed the "Toy with a Personality," 2 XL could respond verbally to the user depending upon which "input or answer" buttons were chosen. Part of the reason for this is the connection the toy made between education and fun. "2 XL was a glorious display of plastic robotics." 2 XL was interactive playing various tracks from a magnetic audio tape depending on the user's actions. 2 XL's personality was very popular and kids loved the back and forth banter. For example, If a child got an answer wrong 2 XL might utter something like: "perhaps your brain went on strike! You are Wrong." Or, "Nice try but (whispering) you are wrong, but go ahead, I will be a nice little toy robot and give you a second chance now." "Even though you needed two chances you finally got the answer right, elephant is the correct answer"'. "But do not get too excited, you have now earned yourself a more difficult question. Hold on to your hat, here it comes" If the child was right, 2 XL might say: "Although I have the looks you have the brains. You must be a genius. Good work." Or, "it is amazing that big brain of yours fits into the head of a child. Nice answer, football is correct." In 1981, the toy's popularity waned, and it was later discontinued. The toy was changed into a more modern design, and new programmed toy cartridges were also introduced. The voice for this version was done by Freeman as well, and all programs were translated into many different languages.

The original version, created by Mego Corporation, was made of brown plastic with white plastic found on the anterior face of the robot. It had two red light bulbs for the eyes. These bulbs also flashed at moments while 8 track cartridge tape programs played. It had four red buttons on its stomach with designated options for answers to questions asked by the toy, such as "Question," "A or Yes Or True," "B or More Info," and "C or No or False". (NOTE: Some programs came with overlay cards for the buttons that redefined the choices you could make for that specific program.) A knob is also found on the lower right portion of the toy which controlled its volume and power. The "mouth" was reused detail molding taken from the Micronauts Battle Cruiser. At the bottom was a large slot for 8 track cartridge tapes: this version was essentially a regular 8 track tape player, but by employing mathematical decision tree programming methods over 20 interactive modes of operation were achieved. The result had enough information and interactive questions to entertain and educate a person for up to two hours. Subjects included sports quiz, Guinness Book of World Records, the metric system, general information and jokes. The mold and look received a minor revision in 1980. The eye lights became red and responded to the voice. The flashing lights were also brighter, and the speaker in the back of the unit was changed from a hexagon shape to a more traditional round. The plastic had a glossier appearance. There was a modified version of 2 XL made just for schools with extra earphone jacks, specialty tapes for school curricula, and a teacher's manual to go with each educational tape.

Tiger Electronics re introduced 2 XL in 1992. Instead of using 8 track cartridge tapes, this version used cassette tapes that were twice the length of the tapes in the previous version and had a better sound quality. Freeman again recorded the 2 XL voice for the cassette tapes in a professional sound studio.

General Information was included with each toy robot. The remainder programs were each sold separately:

The World of 2 XL was sold with each toy robot. The remainder programs were each sold separately. For foreign sales, the Freeman voiced 2 XL English language tapes were translated into foreign languages performed by a professional that spoke the designated language.

One of the last tapes released for the Mego Corporation version of 2XL was "Trilex", a complete board game designed to be played against 2XL. The tape came with a board which fitted over the front of the 2XL unit itself, with the board in front of the tape slot. The game board consisted of an inverted pyramid shape, 4 squares wide at the top to 1 square at the bottom, with each row colored in a different color (Blue, Yellow, Green, and Tan), and 4 slots through which pieces (which 2XL called "checkers") could be dropped into the pyramid. The slots aligned with 2XL's 4 buttons, with the intention that dropping the checker would also press the appropriate track button on 2XL. The objective of the game was to create either a line or a triangle of three checkers of a selected color. The game and tape design are interesting because they enabled the 4 track tape player to provide a passable simulation of a game playing AI.

A number of secondary products were licensed under the 2 XL (2XL) name including: laptop computer bags, earphones, lunch boxes and more.

During its time, both iterations of 2 XL won hundreds of awards, including FamilyFun magazine's award for best toy of 1992, and Right Start Magazines honor as Europe's best toy in the 3 5 year old category for 1993. For the 75th anniversary issue of Playthings magazine, 2 XL was featured on the cover and named one of the top ten toys of all time. The Tiger 2 XL was also the winner of the 1992 Walt Disney Company Best Learning Toy for 1992.