Ивеко: История и производство коммерческого транспорта

Italian commercial vehicle manufacturing company

Iveco S. p. A., an acronym for Industrial Vehicles Corporation, is an Italian multinational transport vehicle manufacturing company with headquarters in Turin, Italy. It designs and builds light, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles. The name IVECO first appeared in 1975 after a merger of Italian, French, and German brands. Its production plants are in Europe, China, Russia, Australia and Latin America and it has about 5,000 sales and service outlets in over 160 countries. The worldwide output of the company amounts to around 150,000 commercial vehicles with a turnover of about 10 billion. The company was spun off from CNH Industrial on 1 January 2022. It is a subsidiary of Iveco Group N. V., a holding company incorporated in Amsterdam, Netherlands, and is listed on Borsa Italiana.

Iveco (stylized in all caps as IVECO) was incorporated on 1 January 1975, with the merger of five different brands: FIAT Veicoli Industriali (with headquarters in Turin), OM (Brescia, Italy), Lancia Veicoli Speciali (Italy), Unic (France), and Magirus Deutz (Germany). Following the merger, the newly founded Iveco began rationalizing its product range, manufacturing plants, and sales network, while keeping the original brands. From 1975 to 1979, the Iveco range included 200 basic models and 600 versions spanning from 2.7 tons of GVW for light vehicles to over 40 tons for heavy vehicles, as well as buses and engines. In 1977, the light to medium weight Iveco Zeta range was introduced, replacing the 20 year old OM Lupetto. Integrating the Fiat OM range with the Unic and Magirus lineups was completed by 1980. IVECO moved in to work on increasing productivity and engine development. In 1980, Iveco built a turbo diesel engine for heavy industrial vehicles. In 1984, Iveco launched the TurboStar, a heavy on road vehicle that became a best seller in Italy and also successful in the European market, selling a total of 50,000 units in seven years. In 1985, Iveco made the first light diesel engine with direct injection. From 1986, Iveco S. p. A. held a 52% stake in Iveco Ford Truck Ltd, a joint venture (and effectively a merger) with Ford of Europe's truck division. Ford plants took over production and sales of the major vehicles in the Iveco range and continued production of the Ford Cargo. In the mid 1980s, Astra Veicoli Industriali, which produces dumpers and construction site/quarry vehicles in Piacenza, became part of Iveco Group. In 1989, the first diesel engine with EGR to reduce polluting emissions compatible with commercial vehicles was produced, and the new Daily launched that same year was fitted with it. English company Seddon Atkinson was purchased in 1991 and brought its long heritage of special vehicles for the construction and refuse collection industries. That same year, the first TurboDaily assembly line was inaugurated at the Nanjing Motor Corporation in China. In 1991, IVECO announced that they were withdrawing from the North American market at the end of the calendar year; they had been selling the midrange Iveco Z/Euro there since 1978. In 1992, Iveco took over the primary constructor of industrial vehicles in Australia to form Ital, originally called International Trucks Australia. In 2000 it was renamed Iveco Trucks Australia Limited. The following year, these activities were boosted by the arrival of an Austrian company, Löhr, which then became Löhr Magirus. was celebrated together with the delivery of the 5000th Magirus aerial ladder produced since the Second World War. In 2004, the Iveco Motors brand was introduced, which became an umbrella for the production of engines; the following year, it was incorporated into the newly founded Fiat Powertrain Technologies. At the end of 2004, an agreement was reached between Iveco and the Chinese company SAIC Motor to form SAIC Iveco Hongyan. On 1 January 2011, Fiat Industrial was formed, incorporating CNH, Iveco, and FPT Industrial. In September of the same year, the Fiat Industrial Village was inaugurated in Turin, a multipurpose centre belonging to Fiat Industrial and created for the sales, assistance, and product presentation for the Iveco, New Holland, and FPT Industrial brands. On 11 November 2021, Iveco published the prospectus in order to split from CNH Industrial which will be operated as a publicly separated company named Iveco Group N. V. After the completion of the demerger, on 1 January 2022 Iveco became a part of Iveco Group N. V., the parent company of the trucks and speciality vehicles, powertrain and related financial services businesses previously held by CNH Industrial.

Iveco has 27 production plants and 6 research centres located in 16 countries. Outside of Europe, the company operates in China, Russia, Australia (factory ceased production in June 2022), South Africa and Latin America. All the plants have obtained ISO 9001 vision 2000 (quality management by process) and ISO 14000 (environmental management) certification.

Iveco engines from the Cursor and Tector ranges observe the Euro VI standardsUnreliable source: reason=Redirect to homepage by adopting High Efficiency SCR (HI eSCR) technology. Unreliable source: reason=Redirect to homepage This technology optimises the processes of exhaust combustion and after treatment, reducing consumption and enabling achievement of greater efficiency in the conversion of NOx emissions. Unreliable source: reason=Redirect to homepage

Iveco developed and built the first Daily with electric propulsion in 1986; Later, the range was broadened to include trucks and city buses. Iveco introduced the New Daily with electric propulsion and zero exhaust emissions, in which a battery system powers an electric three phase asynchronous motor – through the aid of an inverter – in charge of moving the vehicle directly while recovering energy during braking. Unreliable source: reason=Redirect to homepage The vehicle runs on two to four batteries made with Na/NiCl2 (sodium nickel chlorine) technology at a nominal 278 Volts. In 2010 Iveco introduced this technology on the Eurocargo Ibrido, a commercial vehicle for the European market with electri diesel parallel propulsion for distributing and collecting goods in city centres. The payload capacity decreases by 200kg in comparison to diesel engine models, but it is possible to save up to 30% on the urban cycle. Unreliable source: reason=Redirect to homepage The Eurocargo hybrid range is made up of two versions:
The 7.5 ton version uses a Tector Diesel FPT Industrial engine with 16 valves and 4 Euro V cylinders, with a maximum power of 160hp (118 kW); this is paired with a drive system made of an electric motor generator with 60hp (44kW), a 6 speed automated gearbox and a lithium ion battery pack (Li Ion) of rated capacity 1.8kWh.

Iveco's range of light, medium and heavy vehicles and buses can run on methane. Methane makes it possible to save on consumption by 38% per kg transported as compared to that consumed by diesel engines for the same payload and distance travelled. In addition, compared to EuroVI diesel engines, methane engines reduce NOx emissions by approximately 60% and particulate emissions by approximately 70%.

In April 2012 Iveco presented its first vehicle with this technology, the Stralis LNG. As opposed to vehicles with compressed natural gas (CNG) technology, liquefied natural gas (LNG) technology takes the vehicle farther on a full tank (up to 750km) and reduces the vehicle's tare thus increasing the load. The main difference between the two technologies lies in the type of natural gas storage employed, which in this case is kept in a liquid state at −161°C in cryogenic tanks; it is then heated in a heat exchanger so that once it reaches the engine it is a gas. Also, the noise emitted decreases by 3 to 6 decibels over an analogous diesel engine vehicle.

Iveco created the first prototype of a bifuel, diesel and ethanol run vehicle. The technology was developed by Iveco together with FPT Industrial and Bosch. Unreliable source: reason=Redirect to homepage The prototype uses a Trakker truck with Common Rail Cursor9 engine with 360HP The prototype was tested by Raízen, a joint venture between the cane sugar producer Cosan and Shell.

The brand's range of products include the Daily, a vehicle that covers the 3.3 – 7.2 ton vehicle weight segment, the Eurocargo from 6 – 19 tons and, in the heavy segment above 16 tons, the Iveco Way range with the on road Iveco S Way, the off road Iveco T Way and the Iveco X Way for light off road missions. In 2023, Iveco announced their new Driveway Bodybuilder Programme, allowing customers to have a choice of stock tippers and tipper grabs available on X Way chassis.

Iveco sponsored the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow, the Davis Cup in 1982, the Jacques Cousteau expeditions in the Amazon basin in 1983 and the Raid Pigafetta, during which the Iveco Fiat 75 PC 4x4 was first to make a full circle of the globe. Two new divisions were also formed: bus diesel engines and firefighting vehicles. It also sponsored the first of two fights between Sugar Ray Leonard and Tommy Hearns and between Aaron Pryor and Alexis Arguello. In 2006, Iveco sponsored the 2006 Winter Olympic Games in Turin with a fleet of 1,200 Irisbus buses. The year after, Iveco became sponsor of the All Blacks, New Zealand's rugby team. In 2009, Iveco became the truck and commercial vehicle supplier for the Moto GP, together with the historical sponsorship to the Scuderia Ferrari. Iveco won the 2012 Dakar Rally with the Petronas De Rooy team and Dutch driver Gerard De Rooy, behind the wheel of an Iveco Powerstar. De Rooy was followed by drivers Stacey and Biasion behind the wheel of two Iveco Trakker Evolution 2 vehicles, equipped with an FPT Industrial C13 engine with over 900 hp. De Rooy won the 2016 Dakar Rally for Iveco, whereas Janus van Kasteren won the 2023 Dakar Rally.