Политические партии Норвегии: история и развитие

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This article lists political parties in Norway. Norway has a multi party system with numerous political parties, in which no party can easily gain a majority of the 169 legislative seats. Parties may cooperate to form coalition governments.

The oldest political party in Norway is the Liberal Party, which was formed in 1884. Shortly afterwards, the Conservative Party was formed in opposition. The main political cleavage at the time was the issue of parliamentarism, with Liberals in favor and Conservatives in opposition. Until 1903, Norway was, for all intents and purposes, a two party system; the smaller Moderate Liberal Party joined the Conservatives in a de facto permanent electoral coalition from the 1891 election.

During the first years of the 20th century, major electoral shifts took place. In 1903, the leftist Labour Party gained its first five MPs, after having captured 10% of the national vote. For the 1921 elections, the former two round, single member district system was replaced with proportional representation, allowing for further gains for medium sized parties such as Labour and the Farmers' Party, which had been formed the previous year. In 1927, Labour surged to first place nationally, a position it has held in every single election since then. In 1928, they formed their first government, ending the decades long power alteration between Liberals and Conservatives. This government, headed by Christopher Hornsrud, was short lived, however; it lasted a mere 18 days. The Farmers' Party followed suit, sitting in government briefly from 1931 to 1933, under Peder Kolstad and Jens Hundseid. Despite the surge of previously minor parties, the Liberals and Conservatives retained significance, with Johan Ludwig Mowinckel (1933–1935) serving as the last Liberal prime minister to date. With the onset of World War II, Johan Nygaardsvold from the Labour Party served as de jure prime minister for a decade, from 1935 to 1945. During the Nazi occupation of Norway, political opposition to the collaborationist regime of Vidkun Quisling and the Nasjonal Samling party was silenced and prosecuted; Nygaardsvold's cabinet went into exile in London in 1940, and did not return before 1945.

From the first post war elections in 1945 until the 1961 elections, the Labour Party held an absolute majority in parliament, with its Einar Gerhardsen serving as prime minister for, in total, 17 years and 17 days. For most of this period, Norway was generally regarded as a dominant party system, with the divided opposition, consisting of Liberals, Conservatives, Centrists, Christian Democrats and occasionally Communists, unable to match Labour. It was first in 1963, in the aftermath of the Kings Bay Affair, that the Conservative John Lyng was able to take power with support from the other non socialist groups. With the gradual decline of the Labour Party, opposition figures such as Per Borten (Centrist), Lars Korvald (Christian Democrat) and Kåre Willoch served as prime ministers at various points during the latter half of the 20th century. 1973 saw the advent of anti establishment parties such as Anders Lange's Party and the Socialist Electoral League, which would later become the right wing Progress Party and Socialist Left, respectively. Both of these groups remained relatively isolated on the political scene for the subsequent decades; the Socialist Left did not enter government before 2005, while the Progress Party was not included in a centre right pact before in 2013.

The parliamentary election in 2001 saw the collapse of the Labour Party's traditionally constantly large lead over non socialist parties; they took a mere 24% of votes – a loss of 11 points – against 21% for the Conservatives of Jan Petersen. The short lived Cabinet Stoltenberg I, a Labour government in office since 2000, stepped down in favor of a centre right coalition of Liberals, Conservatives and Christian Democrats, led by the latter's Kjell Magne Bondevik. Following the 2005 election, the centre left Red Green Coalition won a majority in parliament, with Jens Stoltenberg returning as prime minister, and serving until 2013. The 2013 election provided the bloc of the Conservative Erna Solberg a clear parliamentary majority, with 96 of the 169 seats in parliament. She formed a government with the Progress Party of Siv Jensen, breaking the latter's decades long isolation from the other centre right parties. Four years later, the centre right parties managed to retain the majority in parliament with 88 of the 169 seats. Solberg continued to serve as prime minister, with different combinations of government coalition partners, all four parties at some time were part of Solberg Cabinet. In the most recent election of 2021, the result swung in strong favour of the centre left parties who gathered 100 of 169 seats in the Storting. This led to a new government with Jonas Gahr Støre as prime minister, consisting of the Labour party and the Centre party.

Party Founded Ideology Position Leader Affiliation 2021 parliamentary election 2019 Norwegian local elections International European MPs '21 electionvote share Municipalcouncils Countycouncils '19 electionvote share Ap Labour PartyArbeiderpartiet 1887 Social democracy Centre left Jonas Gahr Støre PA PES 26.3%24.8% H Conservative PartyHøyre 1884 Liberal conservatism [[Centre right politics Erna Solberg IDU EPP 20.4%20.1% Sp Centre PartySenterpartiet 1920 Nordic agrarianism Centre Trygve Slagsvold Vedum None None 13.5%14.4% Frp Progress PartyFremskrittspartiet 1973 Right wing populism Right wing to far right Sylvi Listhaug None None 11.6%8.2% SV Socialist Left PartySosialistisk Venstreparti 1975 Democratic socialism Left wing Kirsti Bergstø None NGLA 7.6%6.1% R Red PartyRødt 2007 Socialism Left wing to far left Marie Sneve Martinussen None None 4.7%3.8% V Liberal PartyVenstre1884 Social liberalism Centre Guri Melby LI ALDE 4.6%3.9% MDG Green PartyMiljøpartiet De Grønne 1988 Green politics Centre left Arild Hermstad GG EGP 3.9%6.8% KrF Christian Democratic PartyKristelig Folkeparti1933 Christian democracy [[Centrism Olaug Bollestad CDI EPP 3.8%4.0% PF Patient FocusPasientfokus 2021 Direct democracy Single issue Irene Ojala None None 0.2%did not participate

Party Founded Associated ideology Current leader Internationalaffiliation 2017 electionvote share 2021 electionvote share2015 countycouncil members2019 countycouncil members People's Party FNBFolkets Parti FNB 2014 Single issue politics Frode Myrhol None 0 0.12% Pensioners' PartyPensjonistpartiet 1985 Pensioners' interests, Social conservatism Einar Lonstad None 0.44% 0.64% Norway DemocratsNorgesdemokratene 2002 Right wing populism, National conservatism Terje Svendsen None 0.13% 1.14% Nordmøre ListNordmørslista 2015 Nordmøre local interests Per Martin Kjønne None 0.1% Sami People's PartySamefolkets Parti 1999 Sami people's interests Birger Randulf Nymo None 0 ? ConservativeKonservativt 2011 Christian right Erik Selle None 0.30% 0.35%

Party Founded Associated ideology Current leader Internationalaffiliation 2017 electionvote share Health PartyHelsepartiet 2016Health politics Lise Askvik None 0.4% Capitalist PartyLiberalistene 2014 Classical liberalism, Laissez faire Arnt Rune Flekstad IALP 0.2% Innovation and Technology partyInnovasjon og teknologipartiet 2012 Pirate politics Tale Haukbjørk Østrådal PPI, PPEU 0.1% Coastal PartyKystpartiet 1999 Regionalism, National conservatism Bengt Stabrun Johansen None 0.1% Feminist InitiativeFeministisk Initiativ 2015 Radical feminism Cathrine Linn Kristiansen,Sunniva Schultze Florey None 0.0% Communist Party of NorwayNorges Kommunistiske Parti 1903 Marxism–Leninism Runa Evensen IMCWP 0.0% Party of ValuesVerdipartiet Christian conservatism Magne Hersvik None 0.0% Northern AssemblyNordting Northern Norway local interests Amund Sjølie Sveen None 0.0% Society PartySamfunnspartiet 1985 Anarchism Bjørn Dahl None 0.0% Norway PartyNorgespartiet Direct democracy Lars Rønbeck None 0.0% People's Federation of the SaamiSamenes Folkeforbund 1993 Sami people's interests Liv O Slettli None 0 ÁrjaInnsatsvilje 2008 Social conservatism, Traditionalism Láilá Susanne Vars None 0Alliance Alternative for NorwayAlliansen Alternativ for Norge2016Norwegian nationalism, Anti immigration, EuroscepticismHans Jørgen Lysglimt JohansenNone0Center PartyPartiet Sentrum2020CentrismGeir LippestadNone0.3%