Введение
Внешние отношения Сомали осуществляются главным образом президентом как главой государства, премьер-министром как главой правительства и министром иностранных дел федерального правительства. В соответствии со статьей 54 национальной конституции, распределение полномочий и ресурсов между федеральным правительством и федеральными государствами-членами, составляющими Федеративную Республику Сомали, должно быть предметом переговоров и согласования между федеральным правительством и федеральными государствами-членами, за исключением вопросов, касающихся внешней политики, национальной обороны, гражданства и иммиграции, а также денежно-кредитной политики. Статья 53 также устанавливает, что федеральное правительство должно консультироваться с федеральными государствами-членами по ключевым вопросам, связанным с международными соглашениями, включая переговоры в отношении внешней торговли, финансов и договоров. Сомалиленд является непризнанным де-факто суверенным государством, поддерживающим неофициальные отношения на консульском уровне с некоторыми иностранными правительствами.
Северная и Южная Америка
Страна Начало официальных отношений Бразилия имеет аккредитацию в Сомали через свое посольство в Найроби, Кения. Сомали не имеет аккредитации в Бразилии. Канада имеет аккредитацию в Сомали через свою высшую комиссию в Найроби, Кения. Сомали имеет резиденстское посольство в Оттаве. 5 августа 1975 года Мексика имеет аккредитацию в Сомали через свое посольство в Аддис-Абебе, Эфиопия. Сомали не имеет аккредитации в Мексике. См. раздел «Отношения между Сомали и США».
После падения правительства Барре и начала гражданской войны в начале 1990-х годов посольство США в Могадишо было закрыто. Однако правительство США никогда официально не разрывало дипломатические отношения с Сомали. США признало и поддержало международно признанное, поддерживаемое ООН Переходное федеральное правительство в качестве национального руководящего органа страны. Оно также взаимодействует с небольшими региональными администрациями Сомали, такими как Пунтленд и Сомалиленд, чтобы обеспечить широкое участие в мирном процессе. По состоянию на 2011 год Соединенные Штаты поддерживают нерезидентскую дипломатическую миссию для Сомали в Найроби. Кроме того, посольство Сомали в США до недавнего времени имело в качестве посла по назначению Омара Абдирашида Али Шармарке, бывшего премьер-министра Сомали. Федеральное правительство Сомали было образовано 20 августа 2012 года, одновременно с окончанием временного мандата Переходного федерального правительства. Правительство США впоследствии опубликовало пресс-релиз, поздравляя Мохамуда с победой и пообещало продолжать сотрудничество с сомалийскими властями. В январе 2013 года США объявили о намерении обменяться дипломатическими нотами с новым центральным правительством Сомали, восстановив официальные связи со страной впервые за 20 лет. По данным Государственного департамента, это решение было принято в знак признания значительного прогресса, достигнутого сомалийскими властями как в политической, так и в военной сферах. Ожидается, что этот шаг предоставит правительству Сомали доступ к новым источникам средств на развитие от американских агентств, а также от международных организаций, таких как Международный валютный фонд и Всемирный банк, тем самым способствуя продолжающемуся процессу восстановления. В июне 2014 года заместитель госсекретаря США Венди Шерман заявила, что Соединенные Штаты вскоре назначат нового посла в Сомали, назвав это жестом углубления отношений между Вашингтоном и Могадишо и выразив веру в усилия Сомали по стабилизации. В феврале 2015 года президент США Барак Обама назначил ветерана дипломатической службы Кэтрин Саймондс Дханани новым послом США в Сомали. Она является первым официальным представителем США в стране более чем за два десятилетия.
Азия
Страна Начало формальных отношений ЗаметкиАрмения и Сомали установили дипломатические отношения 28 июня 2001 года. См. Отношения между Китаем и Сомали. Отношения между территориями современного Сомали и Китая восходят к древности, когда общины в обоих регионах занимались торговыми обменами. 14 декабря 1960 года были установлены официальные связи между правительствами Сомали и Китая. Сомали и Китай подписали свое первое официальное торговое соглашение в июне 1963 года. В период холодной войны правительство Сомали поддерживало активные отношения со своим китайским коллегой. Власти Сомали выступали за прекращение дипломатической изоляции Китая и поддерживали его вступление в Организацию Объединенных Наций. В январе 1991 года китайское посольство в Могадишо прекратило работу из-за начала гражданской войны в Сомали. Несмотря на уход большинства китайских чиновников, в последующие годы между двумя странами сохранились небольшие торговые отношения. Общий объем торговли в 2002 году составил 3,39 миллиона долларов США, при этом Сомали экспортировала товаров в Китай на сумму 1,56 миллиона долларов США и импортировала на сумму 1,83 миллиона долларов США. Эти инициативы включали в себя 6 миллионов долларов в виде экономической помощи, пожертвования противомалярийных препаратов и 3 миллиона долларов в качестве списания долга. В июле 2007 года китайская государственная нефтяная компания CNOOC также подписала соглашение о разведке нефти с правительством Сомали в северной центральной провинции Мудуг, расположенной в автономном регионе Пунтленд. После создания Федерального правительства Сомали в середине 2012 года китайские власти вновь подтвердили свою поддержку правительству Сомали и призвали международное сообщество укрепить свою приверженность мирному процессу в Сомали. Постоянный представитель Китая при ООН Ли Баодун также подчеркнул поддержку своей администрацией плана стабилизации сомалийского федерального правительства, включая усилия последнего по "принятию временной конституции, выполнению шестипунктного плана, укреплению институционального потенциала, осуществлению правительственных функций и расширению эффективной власти на всей национальной территории". В августе 2013 года, после встречи с вице-премьером Китая Ван Яном, министр иностранных дел Сомали Фузия Юсуф Хаджи Адан объявила, что власти Сомали с нетерпением ждут сотрудничества с правительством Китая в энергетическом, инфраструктурном, национальной безопасности и сельскохозяйственном секторах, среди прочего. Ван также высоко оценил традиционную дружбу между двумя странами и подтвердил приверженность Китая мирному процессу в Сомали. В сентябре 2013 года оба правительства подписали официальное соглашение о сотрудничестве в Могадишо в рамках пятилетнего национального плана восстановления в Сомали. Согласно договору, китайские власти реконструируют несколько крупных инфраструктурных объектов в столице Сомали и других местах, включая Национальный театр, больницу и стадион в Могадишо, а также дорогу между Галкайо и Бурао на севере Сомали. В октябре 2014 года китайское правительство также официально вновь открыло свое посольство в Могадишо. В декабре 2014 года Вэй Хунтянь представил верительные грамоты президенту Хассану Шейху Мохамуду в качестве новоназначенного посла Китая в Сомали. Он является первым таким посланником после открытия китайского посольства в Могадишо. Министр иностранных дел Сомали Абдирахман Дуале Бейле и посол Вэй впоследствии провели совместную пресс-конференцию, на которой официальные лица обязались дальнейшему укреплению двусторонних связей. В рамках процесса местной реконструкции Вэй также указал, что китайские власти планируют реализовать различные проекты развития в Сомали. См. Отношения между Японией и Сомали.
Relations between the territories of present day Somalia and China date back to antiquity, when communities in both regions engaged in commercial exchanges. On 14 December 1960, formal ties between the Somali and Chinese governments were established. Somalia and China later signed their first official trade agreement in June 1963. During the Cold War period, the Somali government maintained active relations with its Chinese counterpart. The Somali authorities campaigned for an end to China's diplomatic isolation and supported instead its entry into the United Nations. In January 1991, the Chinese embassy in Mogadishu closed down operations due to the start of the civil war in Somalia. Despite the departure of most Chinese officials, the two countries maintained a small trading relationship in the ensuing years. Total trade volume in 2002 was US$3.39 million, with Somalia exporting US$1.56 million of goods to China and importing $1.83 million. These initiatives included $6 million in economic assistance, donation of anti malaria drugs, and $3 million in debt relief. In July 2007, the Chinese state owned oil company CNOOC also signed an oil exploration agreement with the Somali government over the north central Mudug province, situated in the autonomous Puntland region. Following the establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in mid 2012, the Chinese authorities reaffirmed their support for the Somali government and called on the international community to strengthen its commitment to the Somali peace process. China's Permanent Representative to the UN, Li Baodong, also emphasized his administration's support for the Somali federal government's stabilization plan, including the latter's efforts at "implementing an interim Constitution, carrying out its six point plan, strengthening institutional capacity, exercising government functions and extending effective authority over all its national territory." In August 2013, follow a meeting with Chinese Vice Premier Wang Yang, Somalia's Foreign Minister Fowziya Yusuf Haji Adan announced that the Somali authorities looked forward to cooperation with the Chinese government in the energy, infrastructure, national security and agriculture sectors, among others. Wang also praised the traditional friendship between both nations and re affirmed China's commitment to the Somali peace process. In September 2013, both governments signed an official cooperation agreement in Mogadishu as part of a five year national recovery plan in Somalia. The pact will see the Chinese authorities reconstruct several major infrastructural landmarks in the Somali capital and elsewhere, including the National Theatre, a hospital, and the Mogadishu Stadium, as well as the road between Galkayo and Burao in northern Somalia. In October 2014, the Chinese government also officially re opened its embassy in Mogadishu. In December 2014, Wei Hongtian presented his credentials to President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud as the newly appointed Chinese Ambassador to Somalia. He is the first such envoy after the reopening of the Chinese embassy in Mogadishu. Foreign Minister of Somalia Abdirahman Duale Beyle and Ambassador Wei subsequently held a joint press conference, wherein the officials pledged to further strengthen bilateral ties. As part of the local reconstruction process, Wei also indicated that the Chinese authorities were slated to implement various development projects in Somalia. See Japan–Somalia relations
Prior to 1991 and the start of the civil war, the Somali authorities maintained bilateral relations with the government of Japan. The Japanese administration subsequently pledged development funds through various international organizations. With the formation of the Federal Government of Somalia in 2012, the Japanese government re established formal diplomatic ties with the Somali authorities. In 2013, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe also announced that Japan would resume direct assistance to Somalia, particularly in the areas of security, industrial development, and bilateral trade and investment. In January 2014, Japan appointed Tatsushi Terada as the new Japanese Ambassador to Somalia, replacing Atoshisa Takata. Ambassador Terada concurrently presented his credentials to the Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud at a ceremony in Mogadishu. During the Somali Democratic Republic, relations with North Korea were close, due to shared ideals and geopolitical interests. Both countries formally adhered to anti imperialism and Marxism–Leninism, and were aligned with the Soviet Union in the context of the wider Cold War. The Supreme Revolutionary Council established relations with the DPRK in 1970. Over the following years, military cooperation intensified, with North Korea training and equipping the Somali Armed Forces. Additionally, due to a resentment against Ethiopia over the country's involvement in the Korean War, North Korean advisers trained pro Somalia guerrilla forces active in the Ethiopian–Somali conflict. As of March 2014, North Korea and Somalia still officially maintain diplomatic relations according to the National Committee on North Korea. In 1969, Somalia and Pakistan were among the founding members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Somalia's relations with Pakistan remained strong in the following years and through the ensuing civil period, when Pakistan contributed to the UN peacekeeping operation in southern Somalia. See Qatar–Somalia relations
The State of Qatar and the Republic of Somalia maintain good relations. In March 2015, Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke led talks with the Prime Minister of Qatar, Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani. The gathering focused on strengthening investment, commerce and governance ties between both territories, with an emphasis on stabilization initiatives. It concluded with a signed cooperative agreement in the civil aviation and education sectors. According to Sharmarke, the treaty aims to accelerate the ongoing reconstruction and development process in Somalia and to buttress local job creation. Among the agreement's stipulations, Qatar Airways is scheduled to begin making flights to the Aden Adde International Airport in Mogadishu. Somalia maintains an embassy in Qatar, with the diplomatic mission led by Ambassador Omar Idris. Qatar also has an embassy in Mogadishu, led by AmbassadorMr. Hasan Bin Hamza Asad Mohammed. In recent years bilateral relations between the two countries centered around a number of issues: the position of Somali migrants in Saudi Arabia, the position of Shia Islam in Somalia, and the export of Somali livestock. In 2014 Saudi Arabia arrested some 41.000 Somali migrants and held them in detention centers in substandard conditions before deporting them to Mogadishu. Despite being one of the richest countries, Saudi Arabia left payment for assisting these deportees to the international community that had to issue emergency appeals to donors. The harsh mass expulsions led to an outcry from human rights organisations. In January 2016, Somalia received a pledge of aid for $50 million from Saudi Arabia on the very same day it announced it was cutting ties with Saudi's Shiite rival Iran, by expelling Iranian diplomats and closing an Iranian charity in Mogadishu the Iman Khomeini Foundation for "conducting activities beyond its mandate bent on compromising the country's national security". The Somali government denied there was a link between its decision to break ties with Iran and Saudi Arabia's financial support, while the Saudi Foreign Ministry refused to comment. In November 2021, Somalia and Saudi Arabia met in the Palace Of Nations in Geneva, Switzerland to settle on the issue of illegal fishing by Saudi Fisherman in the Gulf of Aden region. During the talks, Somali Prime Minister Mohamed Hussein Roble criticized the Saudi Government for not enforcing their maritime border laws that was previously agreed with Somalia in 1967, calling them "backstabbing and deceitful Bedouins". this caused the Saudi Government to sanction him for the entirety of the talks, and for the Parliament of Somalia to censure him for two months. See Somalia–South Korea relations
South Korea officially recognizes and maintains diplomatic ties with the Federal Government of Somalia. In May 2013, Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud accepted the credentials of the new South Korean Ambassador to Mogadishu, Kim Chan Woo, the first diplomatic representative of an Asian Pacific country to work in Somalia in many years. Chan Woo also announced that South Korea would re open its embassy in the Somali capital. Additionally, the Ambassador indicated that his administration would support the Somali government's ongoing reconstruction efforts, in the process making use of South Korea's own experience in post conflict rehabilitation and development gained from the Korean War. He also asserted that his administration would once again launch agricultural and technical projects in Somalia, as the South Korean authorities had done in the past. See Somalia–Turkey relations
Relations date back to the Middle Ages and the ties between the Adal Sultanate and the Ottoman Empire. Prior to the breakout of the civil war in Somalia in 1991, Turkey maintained an embassy in Mogadishu. It later discontinued operations due to security reasons. In 2011, the Turkish government announced that it would reopen its embassy in Somalia. The Somali federal government also maintains an embassy in Ankara, Turkey's capital. During the drought of 2011, Turkey contributed over $201 million to the humanitarian relief efforts in the impacted parts of Somalia. Following a greatly improved security situation in Mogadishu in mid 2011, the Turkish government also re opened its foreign embassy with the intention of more effectively assisting in the post conflict development process. It was among the first foreign administrations to resume formal diplomatic relations with Somalia after the civil war. In partnership with the Somali government, Turkish officials have also launched various development and infrastructure projects in Somalia. They have assisted in the building of several hospitals, and helped renovate and rehabilitate the Aden Adde International Airport and the National Assembly building, among other initiatives. During the Middle Ages and early modern period, the various Somali Sultanates also maintained close relations with other kingdoms across the Red Sea. In 1969, Somalia and the United Arab Emirates were among the founding members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Both nations are also members of the League of Arab States. After the start of the civil war in Somalia in 1991, the UAE maintained diplomatic relations with the Somali Transitional National Government and its successor the Transitional Federal Government, and supported their government initiatives. The UAE has also officially supported the Puntland Maritime Police Force since the military body's formation in 2010. The subsequent establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in August 2012 was welcomed by the Emirati authorities, who re affirmed the UAE's continued support for Somalia's government, its territorial integrity and sovereignty. See Somalia–Yemen relations
Although relations between the modern day territories of Somalia and Yemen stretch back to antiquity, the two countries formally established diplomatic ties on December 18, 1960. Both nations are also members of the Arab League. Following the outbreak of the civil war in Somalia in the 1990s, the Yemeni authorities maintained relations with Somalia's newly established Transitional National Government and its successor the Transitional Federal Government. The subsequent establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in August 2012 was also welcomed by the Yemeni authorities, who re affirmed Yemen's continued support for Somalia's government, its territorial integrity and sovereignty. Yemen also has an embassy in Mogadishu.
До 1991 года и начала гражданской войны власти Сомали поддерживали двусторонние отношения с правительством Японии. Японская администрация впоследствии пообещала средства на развитие через различные международные организации. С образованием Федерального правительства Сомали в 2012 году правительство Японии восстановило официальные дипломатические связи с властями Сомали. В 2013 году премьер-министр Японии Синдзо Абэ также объявил, что Япония возобновит прямую помощь Сомали, особенно в области безопасности, промышленного развития, двусторонней торговли и инвестиций. В январе 2014 года Япония назначила Тацуси Тэрада новым послом Японии в Сомали, сменив Атосису Такату. Посол Тэрада одновременно представил свои верительные грамоты президенту Сомали Хассану Шейху Мохамуду на церемонии в Могадишо. Во время Сомалийской Демократической Республики отношения с Северной Кореей были близкими из-за общих идеалов и геополитических интересов. Обе страны официально придерживались антиимпериализма и марксизма-ленинизма и были союзниками Советского Союза в контексте более широкой холодной войны. Высший революционный совет установил отношения с КНДР в 1970 году. В последующие годы военное сотрудничество усилилось, при этом Северная Корея обучала и оснащала Сомалийские вооруженные силы. Кроме того, из-за неприязни к Эфиопии из-за ее участия в Корейской войне, северокорейские советники обучали просомалийские партизанские силы, действовавшие в эфиопо-сомалийском конфликте. По состоянию на март 2014 года Северная Корея и Сомали по-прежнему официально поддерживают дипломатические отношения, согласно Национальному комитету по Северной Корее. В 1969 году Сомали и Пакистан были среди основателей Организации исламского сотрудничества (ОИК). Отношения Сомали с Пакистаном оставались крепкими в последующие годы и в течение последовавшего гражданского периода, когда Пакистан внес вклад в миротворческую операцию ООН на юге Сомали. См. Отношения между Катаром и Сомали.
Relations between the territories of present day Somalia and China date back to antiquity, when communities in both regions engaged in commercial exchanges. On 14 December 1960, formal ties between the Somali and Chinese governments were established. Somalia and China later signed their first official trade agreement in June 1963. During the Cold War period, the Somali government maintained active relations with its Chinese counterpart. The Somali authorities campaigned for an end to China's diplomatic isolation and supported instead its entry into the United Nations. In January 1991, the Chinese embassy in Mogadishu closed down operations due to the start of the civil war in Somalia. Despite the departure of most Chinese officials, the two countries maintained a small trading relationship in the ensuing years. Total trade volume in 2002 was US$3.39 million, with Somalia exporting US$1.56 million of goods to China and importing $1.83 million. These initiatives included $6 million in economic assistance, donation of anti malaria drugs, and $3 million in debt relief. In July 2007, the Chinese state owned oil company CNOOC also signed an oil exploration agreement with the Somali government over the north central Mudug province, situated in the autonomous Puntland region. Following the establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in mid 2012, the Chinese authorities reaffirmed their support for the Somali government and called on the international community to strengthen its commitment to the Somali peace process. China's Permanent Representative to the UN, Li Baodong, also emphasized his administration's support for the Somali federal government's stabilization plan, including the latter's efforts at "implementing an interim Constitution, carrying out its six point plan, strengthening institutional capacity, exercising government functions and extending effective authority over all its national territory." In August 2013, follow a meeting with Chinese Vice Premier Wang Yang, Somalia's Foreign Minister Fowziya Yusuf Haji Adan announced that the Somali authorities looked forward to cooperation with the Chinese government in the energy, infrastructure, national security and agriculture sectors, among others. Wang also praised the traditional friendship between both nations and re affirmed China's commitment to the Somali peace process. In September 2013, both governments signed an official cooperation agreement in Mogadishu as part of a five year national recovery plan in Somalia. The pact will see the Chinese authorities reconstruct several major infrastructural landmarks in the Somali capital and elsewhere, including the National Theatre, a hospital, and the Mogadishu Stadium, as well as the road between Galkayo and Burao in northern Somalia. In October 2014, the Chinese government also officially re opened its embassy in Mogadishu. In December 2014, Wei Hongtian presented his credentials to President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud as the newly appointed Chinese Ambassador to Somalia. He is the first such envoy after the reopening of the Chinese embassy in Mogadishu. Foreign Minister of Somalia Abdirahman Duale Beyle and Ambassador Wei subsequently held a joint press conference, wherein the officials pledged to further strengthen bilateral ties. As part of the local reconstruction process, Wei also indicated that the Chinese authorities were slated to implement various development projects in Somalia. See Japan–Somalia relations
Prior to 1991 and the start of the civil war, the Somali authorities maintained bilateral relations with the government of Japan. The Japanese administration subsequently pledged development funds through various international organizations. With the formation of the Federal Government of Somalia in 2012, the Japanese government re established formal diplomatic ties with the Somali authorities. In 2013, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe also announced that Japan would resume direct assistance to Somalia, particularly in the areas of security, industrial development, and bilateral trade and investment. In January 2014, Japan appointed Tatsushi Terada as the new Japanese Ambassador to Somalia, replacing Atoshisa Takata. Ambassador Terada concurrently presented his credentials to the Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud at a ceremony in Mogadishu. During the Somali Democratic Republic, relations with North Korea were close, due to shared ideals and geopolitical interests. Both countries formally adhered to anti imperialism and Marxism–Leninism, and were aligned with the Soviet Union in the context of the wider Cold War. The Supreme Revolutionary Council established relations with the DPRK in 1970. Over the following years, military cooperation intensified, with North Korea training and equipping the Somali Armed Forces. Additionally, due to a resentment against Ethiopia over the country's involvement in the Korean War, North Korean advisers trained pro Somalia guerrilla forces active in the Ethiopian–Somali conflict. As of March 2014, North Korea and Somalia still officially maintain diplomatic relations according to the National Committee on North Korea. In 1969, Somalia and Pakistan were among the founding members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Somalia's relations with Pakistan remained strong in the following years and through the ensuing civil period, when Pakistan contributed to the UN peacekeeping operation in southern Somalia. See Qatar–Somalia relations
The State of Qatar and the Republic of Somalia maintain good relations. In March 2015, Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke led talks with the Prime Minister of Qatar, Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani. The gathering focused on strengthening investment, commerce and governance ties between both territories, with an emphasis on stabilization initiatives. It concluded with a signed cooperative agreement in the civil aviation and education sectors. According to Sharmarke, the treaty aims to accelerate the ongoing reconstruction and development process in Somalia and to buttress local job creation. Among the agreement's stipulations, Qatar Airways is scheduled to begin making flights to the Aden Adde International Airport in Mogadishu. Somalia maintains an embassy in Qatar, with the diplomatic mission led by Ambassador Omar Idris. Qatar also has an embassy in Mogadishu, led by AmbassadorMr. Hasan Bin Hamza Asad Mohammed. In recent years bilateral relations between the two countries centered around a number of issues: the position of Somali migrants in Saudi Arabia, the position of Shia Islam in Somalia, and the export of Somali livestock. In 2014 Saudi Arabia arrested some 41.000 Somali migrants and held them in detention centers in substandard conditions before deporting them to Mogadishu. Despite being one of the richest countries, Saudi Arabia left payment for assisting these deportees to the international community that had to issue emergency appeals to donors. The harsh mass expulsions led to an outcry from human rights organisations. In January 2016, Somalia received a pledge of aid for $50 million from Saudi Arabia on the very same day it announced it was cutting ties with Saudi's Shiite rival Iran, by expelling Iranian diplomats and closing an Iranian charity in Mogadishu the Iman Khomeini Foundation for "conducting activities beyond its mandate bent on compromising the country's national security". The Somali government denied there was a link between its decision to break ties with Iran and Saudi Arabia's financial support, while the Saudi Foreign Ministry refused to comment. In November 2021, Somalia and Saudi Arabia met in the Palace Of Nations in Geneva, Switzerland to settle on the issue of illegal fishing by Saudi Fisherman in the Gulf of Aden region. During the talks, Somali Prime Minister Mohamed Hussein Roble criticized the Saudi Government for not enforcing their maritime border laws that was previously agreed with Somalia in 1967, calling them "backstabbing and deceitful Bedouins". this caused the Saudi Government to sanction him for the entirety of the talks, and for the Parliament of Somalia to censure him for two months. See Somalia–South Korea relations
South Korea officially recognizes and maintains diplomatic ties with the Federal Government of Somalia. In May 2013, Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud accepted the credentials of the new South Korean Ambassador to Mogadishu, Kim Chan Woo, the first diplomatic representative of an Asian Pacific country to work in Somalia in many years. Chan Woo also announced that South Korea would re open its embassy in the Somali capital. Additionally, the Ambassador indicated that his administration would support the Somali government's ongoing reconstruction efforts, in the process making use of South Korea's own experience in post conflict rehabilitation and development gained from the Korean War. He also asserted that his administration would once again launch agricultural and technical projects in Somalia, as the South Korean authorities had done in the past. See Somalia–Turkey relations
Relations date back to the Middle Ages and the ties between the Adal Sultanate and the Ottoman Empire. Prior to the breakout of the civil war in Somalia in 1991, Turkey maintained an embassy in Mogadishu. It later discontinued operations due to security reasons. In 2011, the Turkish government announced that it would reopen its embassy in Somalia. The Somali federal government also maintains an embassy in Ankara, Turkey's capital. During the drought of 2011, Turkey contributed over $201 million to the humanitarian relief efforts in the impacted parts of Somalia. Following a greatly improved security situation in Mogadishu in mid 2011, the Turkish government also re opened its foreign embassy with the intention of more effectively assisting in the post conflict development process. It was among the first foreign administrations to resume formal diplomatic relations with Somalia after the civil war. In partnership with the Somali government, Turkish officials have also launched various development and infrastructure projects in Somalia. They have assisted in the building of several hospitals, and helped renovate and rehabilitate the Aden Adde International Airport and the National Assembly building, among other initiatives. During the Middle Ages and early modern period, the various Somali Sultanates also maintained close relations with other kingdoms across the Red Sea. In 1969, Somalia and the United Arab Emirates were among the founding members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Both nations are also members of the League of Arab States. After the start of the civil war in Somalia in 1991, the UAE maintained diplomatic relations with the Somali Transitional National Government and its successor the Transitional Federal Government, and supported their government initiatives. The UAE has also officially supported the Puntland Maritime Police Force since the military body's formation in 2010. The subsequent establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in August 2012 was welcomed by the Emirati authorities, who re affirmed the UAE's continued support for Somalia's government, its territorial integrity and sovereignty. See Somalia–Yemen relations
Although relations between the modern day territories of Somalia and Yemen stretch back to antiquity, the two countries formally established diplomatic ties on December 18, 1960. Both nations are also members of the Arab League. Following the outbreak of the civil war in Somalia in the 1990s, the Yemeni authorities maintained relations with Somalia's newly established Transitional National Government and its successor the Transitional Federal Government. The subsequent establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in August 2012 was also welcomed by the Yemeni authorities, who re affirmed Yemen's continued support for Somalia's government, its territorial integrity and sovereignty. Yemen also has an embassy in Mogadishu.
Государство Катар и Республика Сомали поддерживают хорошие отношения. В марте 2015 года премьер-министр Омар Абдирашид Али Шармаке возглавил переговоры с премьер-министром Катара Абдуллой бин Нассером бин Халифа Аль Тани. Встреча была посвящена укреплению инвестиционных, торговых и управленческих связей между обеими территориями, с акцентом на инициативы по стабилизации. Она завершилась подписанием соглашения о сотрудничестве в секторах гражданской авиации и образования. По словам Шармаке, договор направлен на ускорение текущего процесса реконструкции и развития в Сомали и поддержку создания местных рабочих мест. Среди положений соглашения Qatar Airways планирует начать выполнение рейсов в международный аэропорт Аден Адде в Могадишо. Сомали имеет посольство в Катаре, дипломатической миссией руководит посол Омар Идрис. Катар также имеет посольство в Могадишо, возглавляемое послом господином Хасаном бин Хамза Асад Мохаммедом. В последние годы двусторонние отношения между двумя странами были сосредоточены вокруг ряда вопросов: положения сомалийских мигрантов в Саудовской Аравии, положения шиитского ислама в Сомали и экспорта сомалийского скота. В 2014 году Саудовская Аравия арестовала около 41 000 сомалийских мигрантов и содержала их в центрах содержания под стражей в ненадлежащих условиях, прежде чем депортировать их в Могадишо. Несмотря на то, что Саудовская Аравия является одной из самых богатых стран, оплата помощи этим депортированным была возложена на международное сообщество, которому пришлось обращаться к донорам с просьбой о неотложной помощи. Жесткие массовые высылки вызвали возмущение со стороны правозащитных организаций. В январе 2016 года Сомали получило обещание помощи в размере 50 миллионов долларов США от Саудовской Аравии в тот же день, когда объявило о разрыве связей с шиитским соперником Саудовской Аравии Ираном, выслав иранских дипломатов и закрыв иранскую благотворительную организацию в Могадишо - Фонд имама Хомейни - за "осуществление деятельности, выходящей за рамки его мандата, направленной на подрыв национальной безопасности страны". Правительство Сомали отрицало связь между своим решением разорвать отношения с Ираном и финансовой поддержкой Саудовской Аравии, в то время как Министерство иностранных дел Саудовской Аравии отказалось комментировать. В ноябре 2021 года Сомали и Саудовская Аравия встретились во Дворце Наций в Женеве, Швейцария, чтобы урегулировать вопрос о незаконном рыболовстве саудовскими рыбаками в регионе залива Аден. В ходе переговоров сомалийский представитель...
Relations between the territories of present day Somalia and China date back to antiquity, when communities in both regions engaged in commercial exchanges. On 14 December 1960, formal ties between the Somali and Chinese governments were established. Somalia and China later signed their first official trade agreement in June 1963. During the Cold War period, the Somali government maintained active relations with its Chinese counterpart. The Somali authorities campaigned for an end to China's diplomatic isolation and supported instead its entry into the United Nations. In January 1991, the Chinese embassy in Mogadishu closed down operations due to the start of the civil war in Somalia. Despite the departure of most Chinese officials, the two countries maintained a small trading relationship in the ensuing years. Total trade volume in 2002 was US$3.39 million, with Somalia exporting US$1.56 million of goods to China and importing $1.83 million. These initiatives included $6 million in economic assistance, donation of anti malaria drugs, and $3 million in debt relief. In July 2007, the Chinese state owned oil company CNOOC also signed an oil exploration agreement with the Somali government over the north central Mudug province, situated in the autonomous Puntland region. Following the establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in mid 2012, the Chinese authorities reaffirmed their support for the Somali government and called on the international community to strengthen its commitment to the Somali peace process. China's Permanent Representative to the UN, Li Baodong, also emphasized his administration's support for the Somali federal government's stabilization plan, including the latter's efforts at "implementing an interim Constitution, carrying out its six point plan, strengthening institutional capacity, exercising government functions and extending effective authority over all its national territory." In August 2013, follow a meeting with Chinese Vice Premier Wang Yang, Somalia's Foreign Minister Fowziya Yusuf Haji Adan announced that the Somali authorities looked forward to cooperation with the Chinese government in the energy, infrastructure, national security and agriculture sectors, among others. Wang also praised the traditional friendship between both nations and re affirmed China's commitment to the Somali peace process. In September 2013, both governments signed an official cooperation agreement in Mogadishu as part of a five year national recovery plan in Somalia. The pact will see the Chinese authorities reconstruct several major infrastructural landmarks in the Somali capital and elsewhere, including the National Theatre, a hospital, and the Mogadishu Stadium, as well as the road between Galkayo and Burao in northern Somalia. In October 2014, the Chinese government also officially re opened its embassy in Mogadishu. In December 2014, Wei Hongtian presented his credentials to President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud as the newly appointed Chinese Ambassador to Somalia. He is the first such envoy after the reopening of the Chinese embassy in Mogadishu. Foreign Minister of Somalia Abdirahman Duale Beyle and Ambassador Wei subsequently held a joint press conference, wherein the officials pledged to further strengthen bilateral ties. As part of the local reconstruction process, Wei also indicated that the Chinese authorities were slated to implement various development projects in Somalia. See Japan–Somalia relations
Prior to 1991 and the start of the civil war, the Somali authorities maintained bilateral relations with the government of Japan. The Japanese administration subsequently pledged development funds through various international organizations. With the formation of the Federal Government of Somalia in 2012, the Japanese government re established formal diplomatic ties with the Somali authorities. In 2013, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe also announced that Japan would resume direct assistance to Somalia, particularly in the areas of security, industrial development, and bilateral trade and investment. In January 2014, Japan appointed Tatsushi Terada as the new Japanese Ambassador to Somalia, replacing Atoshisa Takata. Ambassador Terada concurrently presented his credentials to the Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud at a ceremony in Mogadishu. During the Somali Democratic Republic, relations with North Korea were close, due to shared ideals and geopolitical interests. Both countries formally adhered to anti imperialism and Marxism–Leninism, and were aligned with the Soviet Union in the context of the wider Cold War. The Supreme Revolutionary Council established relations with the DPRK in 1970. Over the following years, military cooperation intensified, with North Korea training and equipping the Somali Armed Forces. Additionally, due to a resentment against Ethiopia over the country's involvement in the Korean War, North Korean advisers trained pro Somalia guerrilla forces active in the Ethiopian–Somali conflict. As of March 2014, North Korea and Somalia still officially maintain diplomatic relations according to the National Committee on North Korea. In 1969, Somalia and Pakistan were among the founding members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Somalia's relations with Pakistan remained strong in the following years and through the ensuing civil period, when Pakistan contributed to the UN peacekeeping operation in southern Somalia. See Qatar–Somalia relations
The State of Qatar and the Republic of Somalia maintain good relations. In March 2015, Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke led talks with the Prime Minister of Qatar, Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani. The gathering focused on strengthening investment, commerce and governance ties between both territories, with an emphasis on stabilization initiatives. It concluded with a signed cooperative agreement in the civil aviation and education sectors. According to Sharmarke, the treaty aims to accelerate the ongoing reconstruction and development process in Somalia and to buttress local job creation. Among the agreement's stipulations, Qatar Airways is scheduled to begin making flights to the Aden Adde International Airport in Mogadishu. Somalia maintains an embassy in Qatar, with the diplomatic mission led by Ambassador Omar Idris. Qatar also has an embassy in Mogadishu, led by AmbassadorMr. Hasan Bin Hamza Asad Mohammed. In recent years bilateral relations between the two countries centered around a number of issues: the position of Somali migrants in Saudi Arabia, the position of Shia Islam in Somalia, and the export of Somali livestock. In 2014 Saudi Arabia arrested some 41.000 Somali migrants and held them in detention centers in substandard conditions before deporting them to Mogadishu. Despite being one of the richest countries, Saudi Arabia left payment for assisting these deportees to the international community that had to issue emergency appeals to donors. The harsh mass expulsions led to an outcry from human rights organisations. In January 2016, Somalia received a pledge of aid for $50 million from Saudi Arabia on the very same day it announced it was cutting ties with Saudi's Shiite rival Iran, by expelling Iranian diplomats and closing an Iranian charity in Mogadishu the Iman Khomeini Foundation for "conducting activities beyond its mandate bent on compromising the country's national security". The Somali government denied there was a link between its decision to break ties with Iran and Saudi Arabia's financial support, while the Saudi Foreign Ministry refused to comment. In November 2021, Somalia and Saudi Arabia met in the Palace Of Nations in Geneva, Switzerland to settle on the issue of illegal fishing by Saudi Fisherman in the Gulf of Aden region. During the talks, Somali Prime Minister Mohamed Hussein Roble criticized the Saudi Government for not enforcing their maritime border laws that was previously agreed with Somalia in 1967, calling them "backstabbing and deceitful Bedouins". this caused the Saudi Government to sanction him for the entirety of the talks, and for the Parliament of Somalia to censure him for two months. See Somalia–South Korea relations
South Korea officially recognizes and maintains diplomatic ties with the Federal Government of Somalia. In May 2013, Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud accepted the credentials of the new South Korean Ambassador to Mogadishu, Kim Chan Woo, the first diplomatic representative of an Asian Pacific country to work in Somalia in many years. Chan Woo also announced that South Korea would re open its embassy in the Somali capital. Additionally, the Ambassador indicated that his administration would support the Somali government's ongoing reconstruction efforts, in the process making use of South Korea's own experience in post conflict rehabilitation and development gained from the Korean War. He also asserted that his administration would once again launch agricultural and technical projects in Somalia, as the South Korean authorities had done in the past. See Somalia–Turkey relations
Relations date back to the Middle Ages and the ties between the Adal Sultanate and the Ottoman Empire. Prior to the breakout of the civil war in Somalia in 1991, Turkey maintained an embassy in Mogadishu. It later discontinued operations due to security reasons. In 2011, the Turkish government announced that it would reopen its embassy in Somalia. The Somali federal government also maintains an embassy in Ankara, Turkey's capital. During the drought of 2011, Turkey contributed over $201 million to the humanitarian relief efforts in the impacted parts of Somalia. Following a greatly improved security situation in Mogadishu in mid 2011, the Turkish government also re opened its foreign embassy with the intention of more effectively assisting in the post conflict development process. It was among the first foreign administrations to resume formal diplomatic relations with Somalia after the civil war. In partnership with the Somali government, Turkish officials have also launched various development and infrastructure projects in Somalia. They have assisted in the building of several hospitals, and helped renovate and rehabilitate the Aden Adde International Airport and the National Assembly building, among other initiatives. During the Middle Ages and early modern period, the various Somali Sultanates also maintained close relations with other kingdoms across the Red Sea. In 1969, Somalia and the United Arab Emirates were among the founding members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Both nations are also members of the League of Arab States. After the start of the civil war in Somalia in 1991, the UAE maintained diplomatic relations with the Somali Transitional National Government and its successor the Transitional Federal Government, and supported their government initiatives. The UAE has also officially supported the Puntland Maritime Police Force since the military body's formation in 2010. The subsequent establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in August 2012 was welcomed by the Emirati authorities, who re affirmed the UAE's continued support for Somalia's government, its territorial integrity and sovereignty. See Somalia–Yemen relations
Although relations between the modern day territories of Somalia and Yemen stretch back to antiquity, the two countries formally established diplomatic ties on December 18, 1960. Both nations are also members of the Arab League. Following the outbreak of the civil war in Somalia in the 1990s, the Yemeni authorities maintained relations with Somalia's newly established Transitional National Government and its successor the Transitional Federal Government. The subsequent establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia in August 2012 was also welcomed by the Yemeni authorities, who re affirmed Yemen's continued support for Somalia's government, its territorial integrity and sovereignty. Yemen also has an embassy in Mogadishu.
Международные организации
Сомали является членом ряда международных организаций, таких как Организация Объединенных Наций и Лига арабских государств. В число других организаций, в которых Сомали состоит, входят ЮНЕСКО, УВКБ ООН и Всемирная организация здравоохранения.
Региональные организации
Региональные организации включают Африканский союз, Африканский банк развития, Восточноафриканское сообщество и Межправительственный орган по развитию.