Театр как вид совместного искусства

Collaborative form of performing art

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to theatre:

Theatre – the generic term for the performing arts and a usually collaborative form of fine art involving live performers to present the experience of a real or imagined event (such as a story) through acting, singing, and/or dancing before a live audience in a specific place. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of speech, gesture, mime, puppets, music, dance, sound and spectacle — indeed any one or more elements of the other performing arts. Elements of design and stagecraft are used to enhance the physicality, presence and immediacy of the experience.

Middle Eastern theatre – the most popular forms of theatre in the medieval Islamic world were puppet theatre (which included hand puppets, shadow plays and marionette productions) and live passion plays known as ta'ziya, in which actors re enact episodes from Muslim history. In particular, Shia Islamic plays revolved around the shaheed (martyrdom) of Ali's sons Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali. Secular plays known as akhraja were recorded in medieval adab literature, though they were less common than puppetry and ta'ziya theatre.

Amateur theatre – theatre performed by amateur actors and singers. Broadway theatre – theatrical performances presented in the 41 professional theatres each with 500 or more seats located in the Theater District and Lincoln Center along Broadway, in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Community theatre – theatrical performance made for a community that may be performed by community members, professionals, or a collaboration between the two. Dinner theater – combines a restaurant meal with a staged play or musical. Fringe theatre – theatre that is experimental in style or subject matter. Happening – performances that are often multimedia, site specific, and involve visual arts. Immersive theater – performances that remove the stage and immerse the audiences within the performance itself. Interactive theatre – a presentational or theatrical form or work that breaks the "fourth wall" that traditionally separates the performer from the audience both physically and verbally. Musical – a form of theatre combining songs, spoken dialogue, acting, and dance. Off Broadway – theatrical performances that take place in theatres in Manhattan in New York City with a seating capacity between 100 and 499. Off Off Broadway – theatrical productions in New York City that began as part of an anti commercial and experimental or avant garde movement of drama and theatre. Off Off Broadway theatres are smaller than Broadway and Off Broadway theatres, and usually have fewer than 100 seats. Off West End – theatrical performances in London that take place in theatres which are not included as West End theatres and usually have seating capacities of around 40 to 400. Opera – an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text (called a libretto) and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. Operetta – a genre of light opera, light in terms both of music and subject matter. It is also closely related, in English language works, to forms of musical theatre. Play – theatrical performance with scripted dialogue between characters. Regional theatre – theatrical performances by a professional or semi professional theatre company that produces its own seasons. The term regional theatre most often refers to a professional theatre outside New York City. Repertory theatre – Western theatre and opera production in which a resident company presents works from a specified repertoire, usually in alternation or rotation. Revue – multi act popular theatrical entertainment that combines music, dance and sketches. The revue has its roots in 19th century American popular entertainment and melodrama but grew into a substantial cultural presence of its own during its golden years from 1916 to 1932. Site specific theatre – any type of theatrical production designed to be performed at a unique, specially adapted location other than a standard theatre. Street theatre – form of theatrical performance and presentation in outdoor public spaces without a specific paying audience. Summer stock theatre – theatres that present stage productions only in the summer. Touring theatre – independent theatre that travels, presented at a different location in each city. Variety show – a combination of acts, especially musical performances and sketch comedy, and normally introduced by a compère (master of ceremonies) or host. Other types of acts include magic, animal and circus acts, acrobatics, juggling and ventriloquism. Vaudeville – a theatrical genre of variety entertainment that was popular in the United States and Canada from the early 1880s until the early 1930s. Each performance was made up of a series of separate, unrelated acts grouped together on a common bill. Types of acts included popular and classical musicians, dancers, comedians, trained animals, magicians, female and male impersonators, acrobats, illustrated songs, jugglers, one act plays or scenes from plays, athletes, lecturing celebrities, minstrels, and movies. West End theatre – professional theatre staged in the large theatres of "Theatreland" in and near the West End of London. Workshop production – a form of theatrical performance, in which a play or musical is staged in a modest form which does not include some aspects of a full production.

There are a variety of theatrical styles used in theatre and drama. These include:
Absurdism – presents a perspective that all human attempts at significance are illogical. Ultimate truth is chaos with little certainty. There is no necessity that need drive us. Expressionism – anti realistic in seeing appearance as distorted and the truth lying within man. The outward appearance on stage can be distorted and unrealistic to portray an eternal truth. Melodrama – sentimental drama with musical underscoring, often with an unlikely plot that concerns the suffering of the good at the hands of evildoers but ends happily with good triumphant. Featuring stock characters such as the noble hero, the long suffering damsel in distress, and the cold blooded villain. Modernism – a broad concept that sees art, including theatre, as detached from life in a pure way and able to reflect on life critically. Naturalism – life on stage is presented with close attention to detail, based on observations of "real life." Postmodern theatre – originated in Europe in the middle of the 20th century out of the postmodern philosophy as a reaction against modernist theatre. Postmodern theatre raises questions rather than attempting to supply answers or definitive truth. Puppetry– an ancient form where performers/puppeteers manipulate performing objects. Puppetry has many variations and forms. Realism – characters are portrayed as close to real life, with realistic settings and staging.

Opera house – theatre building used for opera performances that consists of a stage, an orchestra pit, audience seating, and backstage facilities for costumes and set building. While some venues are constructed specifically for operas, other opera houses are part of larger performing arts centers. Black box – usually used for student productions or presentations. A small, square space with minimum amount of lighting and sound equipment needed. Often painted black or another neutral color. Proscenium – The proscenium arch was the most common form of theatre building in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. The “arch” acts like a picture frame through which the action can be seen. Theatre in the round – a theatre in which the audience surrounds the stage. Thrust stage – a stage that has the audience sitting on three sides and is connected to the backstage area by its upstage end.