Фэрхем: История и современность приморского городка

Market town on Portsmouth Harbour, England
the town

Fareham ('/f//ɛər//əm/ FAIRəm) is a market town at the north west tip of Portsmouth Harbour, between the cities of Portsmouth and Southampton in south east Hampshire, England. It gives its name to the Borough of Fareham. It was historically an important manufacturer of bricks, used to build the Royal Albert Hall, and grower of strawberries and other seasonal fruits. In 2011 it had a population of 42,210.

The town has a documented history dating back to the Norman era, when a part of William's army marched up from Fareham Creek before continuing to the Saxon capital of England, Winchester. Originally known as Ferneham (hence the name of the entertainment venue Ferneham Hall), it was listed in the Domesday Book as having 90 households. The ford of Fareham Creek (at the top of Portsmouth Harbour) was the location of the Bishop of Winchester's mills; the foundations were subsumed in the A27 near the railway viaduct. Commercial activity continued at the port until the 1970s and continues on a smaller scale. In the 1960s Fareham experienced major residential development. By the 1970s the town had expanded to almost encompass the surrounding villages of Funtley, Titchfield, Catisfield and Portchester. In the late 1990s a settlement called Whiteley, straddling the boundaries of Fareham Borough and the City of Winchester, was developed to the north of Junction 9 of the M27 motorway. It is predominantly residential but includes the extensive Solent Business Park. In 1995 Cams Hall, a derelict Palladian mansion, was restored for office use, and the surrounding Cams Estate was developed as a golf course and modern technology park. Since 1997 Fareham has been the home of the United Kingdom's Aeronautical Rescue Coordination Centre (ARCC), at the National Maritime Operations Centre (NMOC), and responsible for coordinating all Maritime & Coastguard Agency Search and Rescue (SAR) helicopters. An urban renewal initiative began in 1999, renovating the town centre and historic buildings to include a new entertainment and shopping complex. It featured a major iron sculpture park installed in 2001 to celebrate the work of influential Lancastrian iron pioneer, Henry Cort, who lived in neighbouring Gosport but who had an iron rolling mill in Funtley (or Fontley), on the outskirts of Fareham.

Fareham was home to Ferneham Hall, a multi purpose venue with a capacity of over 700. The hall opened in 1982 and closed in 2020 to allow for renovation. Work on the remodel began in 2022, including rebranding the centre to Fareham Live. The Ashcroft Arts Centre, on Osborn Road, has a 150 seat theatre, a gallery, a dance/music studio and a fully licensed bar. It offers a varied programme of events including films, theatre, comedy and workshops. The pedestrianised area of West Street, in the town centre, is home to a permanent exhibition of the work of 12 blacksmith artists celebrating the achievements of Henry Cort, the 18th century 'man of iron' who pioneered the iron refining process at Funtley near Fareham. The puddled wrought iron sculptures are themed on Fareham's market town history and the exhibition is the largest of its type in Britain.

In 2017 Fareham College was rated by OFSTED as "Outstanding".

Fareham has a Non League football club, Fareham Town F. C.

The M27 motorway passes around the northern edge of the town, and is the main traffic artery into and out of the area. It provides rapid access to Portsmouth and Southampton, and from there to London via the M3 and A3(M). The A27 was the original route along the south coast before the building of the M27, and runs from Brighton to Southampton, passing through the centre of Fareham. The A32 passes through Fareham at the Quay Street roundabout, a notorious bottleneck, on its way from Gosport to Wickham and through the Meon Valley to Alton. Fareham was named the most car dependent town in the UK by the Office for National Statistics in July 2014 with 538.7 cars registered to addresses in the town for every 1,000 residents.

Fareham railway station is on the West Coastway Line, with regular services to Portsmouth, Southampton, Brighton, Cardiff and London. Passenger services also ran south to Gosport until 1953, and north along the Meon Valley to Alton until 1955.

Bus transport in the town is provided by First Hampshire & Dorset, which runs nearly all bus routes. Stagecoach South service 69 does run as far north as Winchester. The bus station is adjacent to Sacred Heart Catholic Church, and replaced an older station that was demolished in the late 1980s.

Fareham is home to the local ITV franchise, covering the South and South East of England, called ITV Meridian, based at Whiteley, with the BBC region being BBC South, based in Southampton. All BBC and ITV Services are available in Fareham, with transmissions from the Rowridge Transmitter on the Isle of Wight, although signals from the Hannington and Midhurst transmitting stations can be picked up from certain areas of the town. Also, the town is served by a local television station, named That's Solent, it was launched as part of a UK wide roll out of local Freeview channels, being broadcast from the Rowridge Transmitter. The local commercial radio station is Wave 105 on 105.2FM, also Heart South is based in the town, on 97.5FM, plus Capital South on 103.2FM, other radio stations based elsewhere serve Fareham, with Easy Radio South Coast on 107.4FM, BBC Radio Solent on 96.1FM and Nation Radio South Coast (formerly SAM FM) on 106.0FM, and Portsmouth based non profit community radio station Express FM on 93.7FM. The town has two daily local newspapers, the Southern Daily Echo and Portsmouth News, together with a free weekly newspaper, from the same publisher, Johnston Press, called Fareham View.

The current Member of Parliament for the Fareham constituency is Suella Braverman, first elected as MP for Fareham in the 2015 UK General Election. Braverman is notable for being the shortest serving Home Secretary in British history during the Truss ministry, but was again reappointed as Home Secretary by Rishi Sunak on 25 October 2022.

Fareham is a part of the slightly larger Borough of Fareham local government district, with some local services provided by a non metropolitan district council called Fareham Borough Council. Following the most recent elections to the council, the council's administration is currently made up of councillors from the Conservative Party which as of 2022 have a total of 12 councillors. The second largest party and therefore opposition on the council is the Liberal Democrats with 3 councillors. Some local services are provided by the larger Hampshire County Council, with Fareham residents also able to participate in this Hampshire wide (except Portsmouth and Southampton) election.

Welborne is a proposed new town to the north of the M27 at Fareham, intended to include 6,000 houses with businesses and community facilities. The Planning Inspectorate Hearings into Welborne took place in 2014. Building is yet to start, with the completion date for the first houses now scheduled for 2023/24. On 6 June 2022 the Planning Inspectorate reported back on its examination of the 2037 Fareham Local Plan, and in the post hearing letter noted that they considered completion of the first Welborne houses by 2023/24 to be "overly ambitious" and that "the site should be pushed back a year in the trajectory".