Канадская Тихоокеанская Авиалиния: История и Прекращение Существования

Defunct airline of Canada (1942–1987)

Canadian Pacific Air Lines was a Canadian airline that operated from 1942 to 1987. It operated under the name CP Air from 1968 to 1986. Headquartered at Vancouver International Airport in Richmond, British Columbia, it served domestic Canadian as well as international routes until it was purchased by Pacific Western Airlines and absorbed into Canadian Airlines International.

In the early 1940s, the Canadian Pacific Railway Company purchased, in a short time span, ten bush airlines: Ginger Coote Airways, Yukon Southern Air Transport, Wings, Prairie Airways, Mackenzie Air Services, Arrow Airways, Starratt Airways, Quebec Airways and Montreal & Dominion Skyways finishing with the purchase of Canadian Airways in 1942, to form Canadian Pacific Air Lines. Early management were largely bush flying pioneers, including president Grant McConachie, superintendent Punch Dickins, and Wop May, who would become a repair depot manager in Calgary. In 1968, Canadian Pacific Air Lines was rebranded as CP Air. The Canadian Pacific Railway Company (renamed Canadian Pacific Limited in 1971) had decided to align the airline's name and "Multimark" design to that of its other subsidiaries, including CP Hotels, CP Ships, and CP Transport (CP Rail was spun off from the parent company later).

CP Air competed with the government owned Trans Canada Air Lines (TCA, later Air Canada) for international and transcontinental routes for much of its history. Despite early attempts to merge into one national carrier, CP Air continued to operate routes based on its previous bush flying heritage. The federal government established limits on domestic market share and, through international agreements, limits on which countries CP Air could fly to. This barred CP Air from the traditional routes such as London and Paris and limited their access to major Canadian routes such as Vancouver Toronto and Toronto New York.

By the late 1970s and early 1980s, many of the routes CP Air had pioneered such as Vancouver–Tokyo were now very lucrative and the previous distribution of routes was considered unfair. In 1979, the federal government eliminated the fixed market share of transcontinental flights for Air Canada (the successor to TCA). While this was a condition that was pressed by CP Air for a long time, it now scrambled to upgrade its fleet to expand on newly available routes such as new nonstop service from Vancouver to Hong Kong and Shanghai to go along with adding more flights to its then current routes like Amsterdam, Rome, Tokyo and Sydney to prepare for increased competition from Air Canada in its traditional territory. This required massive fleet renewal and an associated debt of $1 billion. This debt load, the increased competition, and the economic downturn in Asia would all work against CP Air's future.

Having been renamed CP Air in 1968 with a new orange livery, the airline in 1986 reverted to its original name, Canadian Pacific Air Lines, with a new navy blue colour scheme and logo. This occurred shortly after the airline had taken over operations of Eastern Provincial Airways. This new incarnation, however, was short lived. Less than a year later, in 1987, Canadian Pacific Air Lines was sold, along with Quebec's Nordair, to Calgary based Pacific Western Airlines (PWA) for $300 million. PWA assumed the airline's debt of $600 million. In April 1987, PWA announced that the new name of the merged airline would be Canadian Airlines International. In 2000, Canadian Airlines was taken over by and merged into Air Canada.

There were 15 major incidents aboard Canadian Pacific Air Lines / CP Air aircraft. December 20, 1942: A Lockheed 14 H2 Super Electra crashed on Mount William Knight in the Cheam Range east of Vancouver, killing 13 persons (3 crew and 10 passengers). September 9, 1949: A Douglas DC 3 exploded in mid flight en route from Quebec City to Baie Comeau as the result of an onboard bomb, killing all 23 on board. February 9, 1950: a Canadair C4 overran the runway at Tokyo Haneda Airport and plunged into Tokyo Bay. All the passengers and crew were rescued. December 22, 1950: (CP4) Douglas DC 3 struck a mountain in the Okanagan of British Columbia while on landing approach. 2 of 18 passengers/crew killed. July 21, 1951: A Douglas DC 4 departed Vancouver, British Columbia for Anchorage, Alaska but disappeared en route without a trace. Eventually, all 37 on board would be declared legally dead. March 3, 1953: De Havilland DH 106 Comet crashed on takeoff from Karachi, Pakistan while on a delivery flight. All eleven passengers/crew were killed. May 11, 1953: a Consolidated PBY 5A Catalina crash landed at Prince Rupert, British Columbia with 2 fatalities. August 29, 1956: (CP307) Douglas DC 6B crashed when it missed the landing due to pilot error near Cold Bay, Alaska. 15 of 22 passengers/crew killed. July 22, 1962: (CP301) Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 301, a Bristol Britannia 314 crashed in Honolulu, Hawaii. 27 of 40 passengers/crew were killed. July 8, 1965: Flight 21 (CP21) Douglas DC 6B crashed near Dog Creek, British Columbia when a bomb blew its tail section away. All 52 passengers/crew were killed. March 4, 1966: Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 402 (CP402) McDonnell Douglas DC 8 43 crashed on landing in Tokyo, Japan at Tokyo's Haneda Airport due to poor visibility. 64 of 72 passengers/crew were killed. February 7, 1968: (CP322) Boeing 707 138B leased from Standard Airways (of Seattle) crashed into aircraft and buildings at Vancouver while attempting to land in low visibility after a flight from Honolulu; 60 crew and passengers survived, but one flight attendant died, as did one person on the ground. January 29, 1971: a Boeing 727 of Trans Australia Airlines, registered as VH TJA, hit the tailfin of a Canadian Pacific Air Lines Douglas DC 8 (registered CF CPQ) right after take off from Sydney as Flight 592 to Perth. The DC 8 had not yet cleared the runway following its arrival. The TAA 727 suffered a gash in its fuselage, but the pilots managed to safely return the aircraft to the airport, so that there were no injuries. November 29, 1974: (CP71) Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 71, a Boeing 737, was hijacked while en route from Winnipeg to Edmonton, by a man who wanted to get to Cyprus. The flight landed safely in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, with no fatalities, though the hijacker repeatedly attacked his hostage, a flight attendant, with a dinner knife. June 23, 1985: (CP3, CP60) At Narita International Airport, a piece of luggage that had come from CP Air 3 exploded as it was being transferred to Air India Flight 301; the explosion killed two baggage handlers (Hideo Asano and Hideharu Koda) and injured four other people. The same kind of bomb, which CP Air staff had improperly allowed to be loaded on domestic flight CP Air 60 to Toronto and there transferred onto Air India Flight 182, exploded one hour after the Narita explosion, killing everyone onboard AI182, with the 747 200 crashing into the Atlantic Ocean southwest of Ireland.

Fairchild 82A (CF AXL) located at Canadian Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa. Operated by Airline from 1942 to 1947. Restored by and donated to Museum by Canadian Pacific Air Lines in 1967. Douglas DC 3 (CF CPY) located at Yukon Transportation Museum in Whitehorse. Operated by Canadian Pacific Air Lines from 1946 to 1960. Douglas DC 6B (S/N 45329 CF CZV) located in Wallmanshal, South Africa, still adorned with Canadian Pacific's original "Empress of Suva" name. Operated by Canadian Pacific Air Lines from 1957 to 1961.