1815–1816: События и потрясения года

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January 2 – Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, county of Durham, England. January 3 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia. January 8 – Battle of New Orleans: American forces led by Andrew Jackson defeat British forces led by Sir Edward Pakenham. American forces suffer around 60 casualties and the British lose about 2,000 (the battle lasts for about 30 minutes). January 13 – War of 1812: British troops capture Fort Peter in St. Marys, Georgia, the only battle of the war to take place in the state. January 15 – War of 1812: Capture of USS President – American frigate President, commanded by Commodore Stephen Decatur, is captured by a squadron of four British frigates.

February 3 – The first commercial cheese factory is founded in Switzerland. February 4 – The first Dutch student association, the Groninger Studentencorps Vindicat atque Polit, is founded in the Netherlands. The first rector of the senate is B. J. Winter. February 6 – New Jersey grants the first American railroad charter to John Stevens. February 17 – The Spanish reconquest of Latin America begins. February 18 – The War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom (including Canada) officially ends, following ratification of the Treaty of Ghent (1814) in Washington, D. C.
February 26 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon Bonaparte escapes from Elba.

April 5–12 – Mount Tambora in the Dutch East Indies blows its top explosively during an eruption, killing upwards of 92,000, and propelling thousands of tons of aerosols (Sulfide gas compounds) into the upper atmosphere (stratosphere). The high level gases reflect sunlight, and cause the widespread cooling (known as a volcanic winter) and heavy rains of 1816, snows in June and July in the northern hemisphere, widespread crop failures, and subsequently famine, which is why 1816 is later known as the Year Without a Summer. April 21 – The eastern part of the former Garhwal Kingdom is joined with Kumaon division, under the administration of the British Raj. April 24 – The Second Serbian Uprising against Ottoman rule takes place in Takovo, Ottoman Serbia. By the end of the year Serbia is acknowledged as a semi independent state; the ideals of the First Serbian Uprising have thus been temporarily achieved.

May 3 – Battle of Tolentino: Austria defeats the Kingdom of Naples, which quickly ends the Neapolitan War. Joachim Murat, the defeated King of Naples, is forced to flee to Corsica, and is later executed. May 30 – The Arniston, an East Indiaman ship repatriating wounded troops to England from Ceylon, is wrecked near Waenhuiskrans, South Africa, with the loss of 372 of the 378 people on board.

July 8 – Napoleonic Wars: Louis XVIII returns to Paris, and is 'restored' as King of France (he had declared himself king on 8 June 1795, at the death of his nephew, 10 year old Louis XVII, and had lived in Westphalia, Verona, Russia, and England). July 15 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon boards off Rochefort, and surrenders to Captain Frederick Lewis Maitland of the Royal Navy.

August 2 – Napoleonic Wars: Representatives of the United Kingdom, Austria, Russia and Prussia sign a convention at Paris, declaring that Napoleon Bonaparte is "their prisoner" and that "His safe keeping is entrusted to the British Government." August 7 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon is transferred to HMS Northumberland, to begin his forced and final second exile, on the remote island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.

September 23 – The Great September Gale of 1815 is the first hurricane to strike New England in 180 years. September 26 – Austria, Prussia and Russia sign a Holy Alliance, to uphold the European status quo.

October – Robert Adams, American sailor and the first Westerner to visit Timbuktu, is found wandering the streets of London, starving and half naked, leading to the invitation for him to tell his story as a Barbary captive, which is later published as The Narrative of Robert Adams. October 3 – The Chassigny Martian meteorite falls in Chassigny, Haute Marne, France. October 15 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon begins his exile on Saint Helena in the Atlantic Ocean. October 23 – A 6.8 earthquake shakes northern China causing many houses and caves to collapse, killing at least 13,000 people.

December 7 – Marshal Ney is executed in Paris, near the Jardin du Luxembourg. December 23 – The novel Emma by Jane Austen is first published, anonymously in London, dated 1816. December 25 – The Handel and Haydn Society, the oldest continuously performing arts organization in the United States, gives its first performance, in Boston.

The first full blooded European native born in New Zealand, Thomas King, is born in the Bay of Islands. The second wave of Amish immigration to North America begins. In the United Kingdom, use of the pillory is limited to punishment for perjury. Wisden Cricketers' Almanack retrospectively recognises statistics for first class cricket in England from this year.

July 26 – Robert Remak, German embryologist, physiologist and neurologist (d. 1865)
August 5 – Edward John Eyre, English explorer, colonial governor (d. 1901)
August 16 – Saint John Bosco, Italian priest, educator (d. 1888)
August 26 – Bernard Jauréguiberry, French admiral and statesman (d. 1887)
October 16 – Francis Lubbock, Governor of Texas (d. 1905)
October 23 – João Maurício Vanderlei, Baron of Cotejipe, Brazilian magistrate, politician (d. 1889)
October 31 – Karl Weierstrass, German mathematician (d. 1897)
September 12 – Richard S. Rust, American abolitionist (d. 1906)
November 2 – George Boole, English mathematician, philosopher (d. 1864)
November 5 – Luís Carlos Martins Pena, Brazilian playwright (d. 1848)
November 12 – Elizabeth Cady Stanton, American women's rights activist (d. 1902)
November 20 – Maria Cederschiöld, Swedish deaconess (d. 1892)
December 2 – Juan Javier Espinosa, 9th President of Ecuador (d. 1870)
December 8 – Adolph Menzel, German painter (d. 1905)
December 10 – Ada Lovelace, English computer pioneer, daughter of Lord Byron (d. 1852)
December 13 – Pálné Veres, Hungarian educator, women's rights activist (d. 1895)
December 21 – Thomas Couture, French painter (d. 1879)
December 30 – Joseph Toynbee, English otologist (d. 1866)
December 31 – George Meade, American general (d. 1872)

William Farquharson Burnett, British commodore (d. 1863)