1842–1844: События и личности года.

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July – Margaret Fuller's "The Great Lawsuit. Man versus Men. Woman versus Women" appears in The Dial magazine in the United States. July 12 – Origin of Latter Day Saint polygamy: Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement in the United States, is purported to receive a revelation recommending polygamy. July 19 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel's is launched from Bristol; it will be the first iron hulled, propeller driven ship to cross the Atlantic Ocean. July 25 – Père Antoine Désiré Mégret, a Capuchin missionary, purchases the land that will become Abbeville, Louisiana for $900, a town founded by descendants of Acadians from Nova Scotia. August 1 – Brazil becomes the second country, after Great Britain, to issue nationally valid postage stamps, with the release of its Bull's Eye series. August 19 – Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Black Cat" is first published in The Saturday Evening Post. August 15 – Tivoli Gardens, one of the oldest amusement parks in the world still intact, opens in Copenhagen, Denmark. September – Ada Lovelace translates and expands Menabrea's notes on Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, including an algorithm for calculating a sequence of Bernoulli numbers, regarded as the world's first computer program. September 2 – The Economist newspaper is first published in London (preliminary issue dated August). September 4 – Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil marries Dona Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, in a state ceremony in Rio de Janeiro Cathedral. September 15 (Sept. 3, O. S.) – A Popular uprising in Athens, Greece, including citizens and military captains, demands from King Otto a liberal Constitution from the state, which has been governed since independence (1830) by various domestic and foreign business interests. September 21 – The crew of schooner Ancud, including John Williams Wilson, takes possession of the Strait of Magellan on behalf of the Chilean government.

In Asia, the House of Jamalullail is established in the state of Perlis Darul Sunnah (formally as Perlis Indera Kayangan) after separation from the state of Kedah. James Joule experimentally finds the mechanical equivalent of heat. The steam powered rotary printing press is invented, by Richard March Hoe in the United States. Saint Louis University School of Law becomes the first law school west of the Mississippi River.

July 7 – Camillo Golgi, Italian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1926)
July 17 – Sir Penn Symons, British general (d. 1899)
July 19 – Francis J. Higginson, United States Navy admiral (d. 1931)
July 26 – J. B. C. Drew, American lawyer and politician (d. 1924)
July 29 – Johannes Schmidt, German linguist (d. 1901)

August – Joseph Abbott, Australian wool broker and politician (d. 1903)
August 1 – Robert Todd Lincoln, American politician, businessman, first son of U. S. President Abraham Lincoln (d. 1926)
August 4 – Florimond Van Duyse, Belgian lawyer, composer and musicologist (d. 1910)
August 5 – James Scott Skinner, Scottish violinist and composer (d. 1927)
August 7 – Charles Warren Stoddard, American author (d. 1909)
August 8 – Alfred Duclos DeCelles, Canadian journalist (d. 1925)
August 9 – Adolf Mayer, German agricultural chemist (d. 1942)
August 10 – Joseph McKenna, American politician, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1926)
August 11 – Louis Gathmann, German American inventor (d. 1917)
August 12 – Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz, Prussian field marshal (d. 1916)
August 15 – Charles Immanuel Forsyth Major, Scottish born Swiss physician (d. 1923)
August 17 – Mariano Rampolla, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1913)
August 18 – Moritz Brasch, German philosopher (d. 1895)
August 19 – C. I. Scofield, American theologian (d. 1921)
August 20 – Christina Nilsson, Swedish operatic soprano (d. 1921)
August 21 – Marion McCarrell Scott, American educator (d. 1922)
August 22 – John M. Thome, American astronomer (d. 1908)
August 23 – William Southam, Canadian newspaper publisher (d. 1932)
August 24 – Ernst Wülcker, German archivist and lexicographer (d. 1895)
August 26 – Victor Gardthausen, German ancient historian (d. 1925)
August 27 – Wilhelm Wisser, German dialectologist (d. 1935)
August 28 – August Sedláček, Czech historian (d. 1926)
August 29 – Alfred Agache, French painter (d. 1915)
August 30 – Carl Theodor Albrecht, German astronomer (d. 1915)
August 31 – Georg von Hertling, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1919)

December 3 – Sir William Gatacre, British general (d. 1906)
December 11 – Robert Koch, German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1910)
December 24 – Lydia Koidula, Estonian poet (d. 1886)
December 28 – Prentiss Ingraham, American author of dime fiction (d. 1904)
December 29 – Elisabeth of Wied, Queen consort of Romania (d. 1916)

Adelaida Lukanina, Russian chemist (d. 1908)
Giangiacomo Moretti, Italian painter (d. ?)

July 2 – Samuel Hahnemann, German physician (b. 1755)
July 7 – John Holmes, American politician (b. 1773)
July 14 – Miguel de Álava, Spanish soldier, statesman (b. 1770)
August – Sequoyah, Native American silversmith, creator of the Cherokee syllabary (b. c. 1767)
July 22 – Marie Madeleine Lachenais, Haitian de facto politician (b. 1778)
July 25 – Charles Macintosh, Scottish chemist and inventor of a waterproof fabric (b. 1766)
September 4 – Howqua, Chinese merchant, "richest man in the world" (b. 1769)
September 11 – Joseph Nicollet, French geographer (b. 1786)
September 16 – Ezekiel Hart, Canadian entrepreneur, politician (b. 1767 or 1770)
October 6 – Sir Archibald Campbell, 1st Baronet, British army general (b. 1769)
October 18 – Ebenezer Elmer, American politician (b. 1752)
November – Esther Leach, English Indian actress and director (b. 1809)
November 10 – John Trumbull, American painter (b. 1756)
December 12 – King William I of the Netherlands (b. 1772)
December 18 – Thomas Graham, 1st Baron Lynedoch, British Governor General of India (b. 1748)

Emma Jane Greenland, English painter (b. 1760)