Прямой пул: правила и история игры 14.1

Cue sport

Straight pool, which is also called 14.1 continuous and 14.1 rack, is a cue sport in which two competing players attempt to as many s as possible without playing a The game was the primary version of pool played in professional competition until it was superseded by faster playing games like nine ball and eight ball in the 1980s. In straight pool, the player may and attempt to pocket any object ball on the table regardless of its number or color until only one object ball and the remain, at which point the other fourteen balls are re racked. At this point, play resumes with the objective of pocketing the remaining ball in a manner that causes the cue ball to into the rack, spreading out the balls and allowing the player to continue the The goal is to reach a set number of points that is determined by agreement before the game begins; traditionally 100 points is needed for a win, though professional matches may go higher. One point is scored by pocketing an object ball without a foul, while a point is deducted on a foul. The game was most popular in the United States and was notably played in the 1961 film The Hustler. The World Straight Pool Championship was held from 1911 until 1990, and again from 2006 until 2019. The game is represented at a continental level in events such as the American 14.1 Straight Pool Championship and the European Pool Championships' straight pool event.

Straight pool is derived from an earlier game called continuous pool, in which points are earned for every ball that is pocketed. In this game, the last is pocketed (not left on the table as in straight pool), and then racked with the rest of them when a new game begins (the player who pocketed the final ball plays the break shot in the new game). Continuous pool was invented in 1889 and played professionally until 1911. The first 14.1 professional championship was held in 1912 in Philadelphia.

In straight pool's first , the fifteen object balls are racked with the center of the apex ball placed over the Traditionally the is placed at the rack's right corner and the is placed at the rack's left corner for visibility, though there is no such rule requirement. Some shots, such as s and s, do not have to be called. On the break, either the cue ball and two other balls must touch a rail, or a ball must be pocketed. The failure to accomplish either of these conditions results in a foul. Fouling on the initial break incurs a penalty loss of two points. In addition, the opponent has the choice of either accepting the table in position or of having the balls ed and requiring the offending player to repeat the opening break. All other fouls made during the game incur a one point deduction, and a player incurs an additional 15 point penalty for committing three consecutive fouls. The unique feature of straight pool is the racking that is played when one object ball remains. These intra game racks have a specific set of rules; when the rack is supposed to be replaced, if neither the cue ball nor the object ball remain in the rack area, the balls are replaced with no ball at the apex. At this point, the aim is to pot the remaining ball and carom into the pack of balls, allowing a shot on the next ball to continue the run. Additional rules apply when either ball is in the position where the balls would usually be racked. Mosconi had been playing a to 200 points match against an amateur player name Earl Bruney in Springfield, Ohio. Bruney scored the first three points in the match, but Mosconi ran the next 200 points to win. However, Mosconi continued the run for over two hours to score 526 before missing a fine The run was witnessed by 300 people, including a lawyer who produced an affidavit to confirm it took place, and it was later confirmed by the Billiard Congress of America. Mosconi's record for the highest documented run stood for over 65 years. It was finally beaten on May 27, 2019, when John Schmidt ran 626 balls in Monterey, California, which was the result of a sustained, months long effort to break Mosconi's record. Critics have argued that Mosconi's record was made in competition while Schmidt simply set up break shots for himself, and that his video was never released. In similar fashion as Schmidt, on January 18, 2022 as part of the "Legends of Pocket Billiards" high run series, Jayson Shaw completed a 51 rack, record breaking run of 714 balls, which, upon video review, was amended to 669 balls following a touched ball foul when he was over another ball.

Straight pool is governed by regional councils such as the European Pocket Billiard Federation, and at a worldwide level by the World Pool Billiard Association. The World Straight Pool Championship was created in 1912 and ran sporadically until 1990. In 2006, the championship was revived, until again ending in 2010. A straight pool event has been played at the European Pool Championships annually since 1980. The U. S. Open Straight Pool Championship was sanctioned by the Billiard Congress of America (BCA) from 1966 to 2000; It was revived by CueSports International (CSI) for one year in 2007 and afterwards was held annually from 2016, until again ending in 2019. The game has been in decline since the 1980s; players in the United States have often called straight pool "dead". Popularity of the game has been reduced due to the popularity of other pool games such as nine ball and eight ball, and a lack of straight pool competitions. It also provides the setting and background for John O'Hara's monologue short story "Straight Pool". Straight pool, in common with other pool games, has been associated with hustling.