Шау Ки Ван: Гонконгтың тарихы мен өмірі

Shau Kei Wan or Shaukiwan is a neighborhood in the Eastern District of Hong Kong Island. The area is bordered by Chai Wan to the east, Mount Parker to the south, Sai Wan Ho to the west, and Victoria Harbour to the north. Shau Kei Wan is considered as an area surrounded by A Kung Ngam Road and A Kung Ngam Village Road to the east, Yiu Hing Road and Shau Kei Wan Road to the south, Junction of Aldrich Bay Road and Shau Kei Wan Road to the west, and Oi Kan Road to the north.

Shau Kei is the Chinese word for a basket used to wash rice, much like a colander, and Wan means "bay". The name, which appeared at least as early as the Ming dynasty in the book The Great Chronicles of Yue (, albeit written as ), refers to the former shape of the nearby bay, which is now named Aldrich Bay, after a British Army major who improved troop discipline. Legend has it the name came about after a group of British merchants were marooned in the area following a typhoon in the 18th century, only to find that there was no food to buy in the area. Life for Shau Kei Wan as an industrial area began in the 1920s, when light industries began to move into the area. After World War II, Shau Kei Wan gradually developed into a fish trading market (a position it still holds today). Also, many Mainland China refugees began to settle into the area at this time, and built around 13 mountain villages in the ensuing years. Most of them were slum houses, and sanitations in those areas were generally atrocious. In the 1960s, the Hong Kong Government began to replan the area once more, building public housing estates and beginning landfill projects. The plans went ahead slowly until 1975, when a large fire burnt down many of the slum houses in the Aldrich Bay Typhon Shelter which were built along the shore & over the water of the bay. Afterwards, the government began to bulldoze slum areas and built public housing in its place. Today, Shau Kei Wan is a densely populated residential district. However, the change over the years has come with a cost: it is said that the coastline has suffered a great change since the late 19th century.

Hidden amidst the high rise residential towers of the Eastern District is a trail that will showcase the hustle and bustle of everyday life in the area. Visitors can discover vestiges of Hong Kong's seafaring past at the A Kung Ngam Shipyards and the Shau Kei Wan Wholesale Fish Market. (The sea has always been an important part of life in Shau Kei Wan. Its name comes from the shape of the neighbouring bay: shau kei means "colander" and wan means "bay".) The historical trail starts at the tram terminus and heads along Shau Kei Wan Main Street East towards the waterfront before ending at the Hong Kong Museum of Coastal Defence. Along the way, you will see temples dedicated to different gods: Shing Wong, Tin Hau, Tam Kung and Yuk Wong.

Shau Kei Wan Main Street East is one of the most important streets in Shau Kei Wan district. In the 19th century, the street was on the waterfront. In 1860s, to crack down the pirates hiding in the area, the Hong Kong government decided to open up the area and to build houses and stores on the two sides of the road. Today, restaurants and groceries handed down from the past still operate along the street while the old houses have been replaced by modern high rises. It becomes a popular dining place with a myriad of well known international restaurants and street food stores. When the street was widened the hundred year old fig tree in the middle of the street was preserved on the request of the community. The botanical name of this old fig is Ficus superba.

A famous tourist attraction of Shau Kei Wan is the Hong Kong Museum of Coastal Defence. It is a museum located near Lei Yue Mun with a total area of 34,200 square meters. The museum was built by the British in 1887. It was originally built for coastal defence, especially for the east Victoria Harbour, but it is currently an exhibition center. Inside, there are castle, defence basement, military vehicle and weapons on display.

One important primary product of Hong Kong is marine fish. Fresh marine fish are distributed to outside retail market after wholesaling in , which is located at 37 Tam Kung Temple Road, Shau Kei Wan Facilities for the landing and wholesale of fresh marine fish are provided. It is one of the seven wholesale fish market operated by the Fish Market Organization. It is currently the second largest in Hong Kong, after the one in Aberdeen.

Developed from a fishing village, special religious beliefs are formed. Besides worshiping Tin Hau, residents, who were historically mainly fishermen, also worship Tam Kung. It is believed that since Tam Kung can control the weather and heal the sick, people worship Tam Kung for a safe return from the sea. Tam Kung is a unique religious belief in Hong Kong and temples worshiping Tam Kung can mostly be found here. There are temples on Shau Kei Wan Main Street East which are dedicated to Shing Wong, Tin Hau, Tam Kung and Yuk Wong. Tin Hau Temple and Tam Kung Temple are relatively famous. In the past, fishermen worshiped them for safety at sea. Although the fishing industry in the area has been diminishing, the tradition still continues.

Located on Basel Road adjacent to Shau Kei Wan Main Street East, the church was built in 1862 by local Hakka and priests from the Swiss Basel Church. It was originally built to a country house style. After reconstruction in 1933, it became a well established church. It was occupied as the temporary headquarters of military police during the Japanese invasion in 1941. In 1958, a school was built next to it. After that, it was rebuilt and used as church again and was expanded in 1984.

There are several shopping arcades in Shau Kei Wan, such as Yiu Tung Shopping Centre, Oi Tung Shopping Centre, Hing Tung Shopping Centre and SoHo East. Each is located underneath a housing estate, and was built mainly for the residents in that area. The structure and the interior design of these shopping centres are different from those found in Central; the emphasis is placed on the internal function and practical space rather than detailed decoration or facade. The shopping units inside include stores such as supermarket, Chinese restaurants and clothes shop. The goods here are relatively cheaper and usually are commodities.

There are recreational facilities for the public. There is also the Island East Sports Centre , a sport complex which provides various sports facilities such as gym rooms and ball courts.

The Shau Kei Wan Jockey Club Clinic provides various medical services, such as maternal and child health, and family health. The nearby UMP Aldrich Garden Medical Centre also offers medical care to local residents. Various private clinics are located in different housing estates. Dental service is provided by a satellite location of Yan Chai Hospital, located on the main street of Shau Kei Wan. It was built to serve other nearby areas such as Chai Wan along with Shau Kei Wan.

There are also some authority offices located at Shau Kei Wan, such as The Film Service Office. It aims to promote film relevant service to local area. Details can be referred to the official site.

A long term strategic implementation is taken up by The Housing Society and the Urban Renewal Authority (URA). URA will focus on project on Shau Kei Wan Road and Nam On Street. The stage of the project is now at the beginning, the 17 buildings that will be acquired are over 40 years old. Project is expected to be finished on 2009 and will provide 300 residential units.

Site Area1,890 square metersNo. of affected buildings17No. of affected householdsabout 230No. of affected shopsabout 35No. of affected property interestsabout 130

There are two Champion Trees in Shau Kei Wan, both of which are located on Shau Kei Wan Main Street East by the side of the road. One is located beside Shau Kei Wan Government School. It is a large leaved banyan. The other is a Coconut Palm, which is located in front of the Urban Council market.

In earlier times, Shau Kei Wan, along with the rest of the Island, did not have a good transportation system. This, coupled with the relative distance of Central and Wan Chai (other population centers of the time), made transportation rather inconvenient. For most of its modern history, Shau Kei Wan's major connection with the rest of the island was King's Road Its only major connection with its eastern neighbour of Chai Wan was Chai Wan Road , which was notorious for its steep incline. In 1904, a single track tram service between North Point and Shau Kei Wan was established. After World War II, Hong Kong experienced a population boom, and factories, along with people, started to move into Shau Kei Wan. This created considerable congestion, and public buses began to serve the area in an effort to alleviate the problem. Their efforts proved to be ineffective, and congestion continued up until the point where the MTR and the Island Eastern Corridor were completed and introduced to the region. To further alleviate congestion problems, ferry companies began a service from Shau Kei Wan to Central to get people to work on time. All of these transportation impediments gave birth to a once popular maxim: " (". This translates to "A 'hero' is trapped in Shau Kei Wan without knowing which day he will reach Central." Nowadays, as different means of transportation are well developed, one can travel between the two places within very short time, even if one takes the slow tram.

One of the seven Hong Kong Tramways termini is located in Shau Kei Wan. It is at the junction of Shau Kei Wan Main Street East and Kam Wa Street. The track system runs east from Sai Wan Ho to the west of the northern part of Hong Kong Island linking Shau Kei Wan and Kennedy Town. It is the longest tram track in Hong Kong while the whole track system was completed in 1904. Although there exists various types of transportation, some residents still prefer using trams because of tradition and the extremely low fare.

Shau Kei Wan is served by the station of the same name on the Island line of the MTR metro system. The station is between Sai Wan Ho and Heng Fa Chuen. The MTR connects Shau Kei Wan to the rest of Hong Kong Island and Kowloon. It takes 18 minutes to travel to Central, and 26 minutes to travel to Mong Kok.

There are over 20 bus lines passing through Shau Kei Wan which connects Shau Kei Wan to other districts. Passengers can take routes 2, 2X, 9, 77, 99, 85, 102, 102P, 110, 608, 613, 720, 720A, and N122 from the Shau Kei Wan Bus Terminus at Nam On Street. Other bus lines include: 2A, 14, 81, 81A, 82, 82X, 106, 606, 606A, 606X, 682, 682A, 682B, 682D, 682P, 682X, 694, 722, 802, N8 and N8X. Passengers can also travel to the Hong Kong International Airport via route A12.

There are boat service at Saturday 9 am, 10am, 11am, going to Tung Lung Chau; a popular hiking site.

The Yiu Tung Public Library provide a place for people to read and borrow books and other publications.