Никарагуаның валютасы – Кордоба тарихы

Currency of Nicaragua

The córdoba (ˈkordoβa, sign: C$; code: NIO) is the currency of Nicaragua. It is divided into 100 centavos.

The first córdoba was introduced with the new National Bank of Nicaragua (Banco Nacional de Nicaragua Incorporado) which was created in 1912 , after which the government of Adolfo Díaz promulgated the Monetary Conversion Law, in March 1912. This law created the monetary unit Córdoba, but due to the prevailing political instability at that time, the Córdoba did not circulate until mid 1913. It replaced the peso moneda corriente at a rate of 12 1/2 pesos m/c = 1 córdoba and the peso fuerte at par. It was initially nearly equal to the US dollar. It was named after the Conquistador Francisco Hernández de Córdoba. In 1960 the Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN) was founded and the banknotes and coins that until that date were issued by the National Bank of Nicaragua, began to be issued by the central bank. On February 15, 1988, the 2nd córdoba was introduced. It was equal to 1,000 1st córdobas. On April 30, 1991, the third córdoba, also called the córdoba oro, was introduced, worth 5,000,000 2nd córdobas.

In 1912, coins were introduced in denominations of 1/2, 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 centavos and 1 córdoba. The 1/2 and 1 centavo were minted in bronze, the 5 centavos in cupro nickel and the higher denominations in silver. The 1 córdoba was only minted in 1912, whilst 1/2 centavo production ceased in 1937. In 1939, cupro nickel replaced silver on the 10, 25 and 50 centavos. In 1943, a single year issue of brass 1, 5, 10 & 25 centavos was made. These were the last 1 centavo coins. In 1972, cupro nickel 1 córdoba coins were issued, followed, in 1974, by aluminium 5 and 10 centavos. A new series of coins, featuring a portrait of Augusto César Sandino, was introduced in 1981, consisting of aluminum 5 and 10 centavos, nickel clad steel 25 centavos and cupro nickel 50 centavos, 1 and 5 córdobas. Nickel clad steel replaced cupro nickel between 1983 and 1984. In 1987, the final coins of the 1st córdoba were issued, featuring Sandino's characteristic hat. Aluminum 500 córdobas were issued. 25, 50 centavos and 1 córdoba coins minted in 1985 were mostly recalled and destroyed by the Central Bank. A few of the 1 córdoba were circulated as seen.

No coins were issued for this currency.

The second córdoba was only issued in banknote form. Notes (dated 1985) were issued in 1988 in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 córdobas together with undated 5000 córdobas. In 1989, notes for 10,000, 20,000, 50,000 and 100,000 córdobas were introduced, followed the next year by 200,000, 500,000, 1 million, 5 million and 10 million córdobas notes.

On May 15, 2009, polymer ten and twenty córdoba notes were issued to circulate alongside their paper counterparts. A new polymer two hundred and a paper one hundred córdoba banknote was first issued on June 1, 2009. A new polymer 50 córdoba was issued on December 3, 2009. The new designed paper 500 córdoba banknote was introduced on January 12, 2010. A commemorative design of the 50 córdobas was introduced on September 15, 2010, to commemorate the Banco Central de Nicaragua's 50th anniversary of its establishment. In 2012, the Banco Central de Nicaragua (Central Bank of Nicaragua) began issuing a new series of córdoba banknotes with revised security features, beginning with the 10, 20 and 200 córdoba polymer banknotes, which is similar to their first issue, but the notable change is the embossed "10", "20", and "200" on the see through window now being of an opaque white. The 100 córdoba banknote was also revised. The notable differences from the first issue is that the note was issued on the 100th anniversary of the córdoba currency. Also notable is the wider security thread, a revised registration device, a repositioned serial number, subtle underprint design changes and the commemorative text "1912 2012 Centenario del Cordoba" in pearlescent ink at the left front of the note. The 500 córdoba banknote was also revised. The most notable change for the note is the bank logo patch, now a holographic patch instead of an optically variable device and a wider security thread. + 2009 series (Resolution of 12 September 2007) Image Value Dimensions Main Colour Description Date of Obverse Reverse Obverse Reverse Watermark printing issue 10 córdobas1 131 × 67 mm  Green Fortress of the Immaculate Conception, Rio San Juan Hacienda San Jacinto "10", slighted tilted above El Castillo on the upper right hand side. 2009 May 15, 2009 20 córdobas2 136 × 67 mm  Yellow Hut of natives on the eastern coast of the Caribbean. Illustration of the Palo de Mayo dance "20", Girl pounding grain May 15, 2009 50 córdobas 141 × 67 mm  Violet National ceramic of Nicaragua Canyon of Somoto National ceramic of Nicaragua, "50" watermark December 3, 2009 50 córdobas 67 x 141 mm  Violet First building of the Central Bank Canyon of Somoto "50" watermark 2010 September 16, 2010 100 córdobas 146 × 67 mm  Blue Monument to Rubén Darío León Cathedral Emblem of the Central Bank of Nicaragua; watermark of a lion. 2009 June 1, 2009 200 córdobas 151 × 67 mm  Brown El Güegüense Ometepe Island, the national bird, the Momotus momota. "200", The Güegüense with watermark and cape. 2009 June 1, 2009 500 córdobas 156 × 67 mm  Red Residential Museum of Augusto César Sandino Native statues "500" watermark, Sandino 2010 January 12, 2010

In 1991, the Central Bank of Nicaragua established a crawling peg scheme in accordance with FMI exchange rate policies with a 12% annual rate of devaluation; "as of 2014", this scheme continued to devalue the córdoba against the United States dollar by 5% per annum and decrease further at 3% per annum, subsecuently.