Өрмекшілер тұқымдасы: Оңтүстік және Оңтүстік-Шығыс Азияның құстары

Genus of birds

The spiderhunters are birds of the genus Arachnothera, part of the sunbird family Nectariniidae. The genus contains thirteen species found in the forests of south and southeastern Asia. They are large representatives of the sunbird family, with drab plumage and long strongly curved bills. They feed on both nectar and a range of small arthropods.

Unlike the rest of the family, which is more widespread, the spiderhunters are confined to the Oriental zoogeographic region, occurring from India east to the Philippines and from the Himalayas south to Java; they reach their greatest species diversity in the Thai Malay peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo. The spiderhunters are mostly forest birds, occupying a wide range of forest types including true rainforest, dipterocarp forest, swamp forest, bamboo forest, secondary forest, forest edge and other highly degraded forest. In addition several species occur in human created habitat such as gardens or plantations. Most species are lowland species, but the Whitehead's spiderhunter is more of a montane species.

The spiderhunters are amongst the largest of their family, measuring between in length. The spectacled spiderhunter is the heaviest of the sunbirds, weighing as much as The bills of the spiderhunters are long, at least twice the length of the head, and are decurved and stout. The tongue forms a complete tube for most of its length. The plumage is much drabber than the other brightly coloured sunbirds, is the same for both sexes, and contains no iridescence. The uppersides of most species are olive green and the undersides dull white or yellow in half the species the undersides are streaked. The most atypical spiderhunter plumage is that of the Whitehead's spiderhunter, which is dark brown with white streaking on the undersides and back and a yellow rump. They may also participate in nectar robbing, which consists of inserting the bill into the side of the flower to extract nectar without being dabbed with pollen. Little is known about their territorial behaviour, but there have been reports of some species defending territories. The spiderhunters are less gregarious than other sunbirds, and are usually seen alone or as part of a pair. Image Common Name Scientific name Distribution Little spiderhunter Arachnothera longirostra Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Orange tufted spiderhunter Arachnothera flammifera Philippines. Pale spiderhunter Arachnothera dilutior Palawan. Thick billed spiderhunter Arachnothera crassirostris Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. Long billed spiderhunter Arachnothera robusta Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. Spectacled spiderhunter Arachnothera flavigaster Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Yellow eared spiderhunter Arachnothera chrysogenys Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Naked faced spiderhunter Arachnothera clarae Philippines. Grey breasted spiderhunter Arachnothera modesta Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Streaky breasted spiderhunter Arachnothera affinis Java and Bali Bornean spiderhunter Arachnothera everetti Borneo. Streaked spiderhunter Arachnothera magna Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. Whitehead's spiderhunter Arachnothera juliae Borneo