Пулли: Тарихы мен қазіргі жағдайы

the simple machine mechanism

Pully (pyˈji) is a municipality in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, located in the district of Lavaux Oron. It is one of the eastern suburbs of the city of Lausanne, located on the shores of Lake Geneva (Lac Léman) and at the foot of the vineyards of Lavaux on the road to Vevey and Montreux.

Pully is first mentioned in 994 as Pulliacum.

In the 1970s, while working on foundation of a terrace of the Le Prieuré building, the corner of a large Roman era villa was discovered. The villa dates from the period between the second half of the 1st century and 4th century AD. The accompanying small thermal baths, a monumental pool and several walls were already known from earlier excavations. The heart of the east wing of the villa is a multi level, semi circular pavilion. The lower hall is decorated with, in situ preserved, wall paintings which represent a chariot race. The painting dates from the first quarter of the 2nd century. Finds from the 4th and 5th centuries show that the site was also, at least partially populated, during the late antiquity period. Between the 5th and 6th century, the baths were converted into a Christian burial chapel with numerous burials. The municipality began to become a partly independent town in the 13th century and received its charter (plaict général) in 1368. The town was administered by a twelve member council until 1719, when it became an eleven member group. The council was led by a knight banneret.

In 1536, the town of Pully came under the administration of the cities of Bern and Lausanne. Lausanne renounced their rights in 1717. From 1536 until 1798 it belonged to the Bailiwick of Lausanne. Then, from 1798 until 2006, it was in the district of Lausanne. The Le Prieuré building was originally the priory court of the Priory of Payerne. Under the Bernese it served as a wine cellar and vineyard house. The original parish church was probably dedicated to St. Maurice starting in the 9th century. Between the 14th and 16th century, it was rebuilt and consecrated to St. Germann. It burned down in 2001 and was rebuilt again in 2004. After the Reformation, the parish also included Paudex and Belmont, which became independent in 1897. The parsonage was built between 1594 and rebuilt in 1723. The church in Chamblandes dates from 1938, the one in La Rosiaz from 1953 and the Catholic Parish of St. Mauritius was created in 1954. Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 37.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 13.2%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 4.4%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 13.2% is used for growing crops and 4.8% is pastures, while 2.6% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipality stretches from Lake Geneva to the Jorat and includes the peak of Monts de Pully at an elevation of It consists of the village section of Chamblandes, La Perraudettaz, Port, Rochettaz and La Rosiaz.

Pully has an average of 117.7 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives of precipitation. The wettest month is May during which time Pully receives an average of of rain or snow. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.7 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of of precipitation over 8.5 days.

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per pale Argent and Gules, overall a Grape bunch counterchanged leaved Vert.

Pully has a population of as of 2008, 27.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009) the population has changed at a rate of 6.8%. It has changed at a rate of 7.3% due to migration and at a rate of 0.2% due to births and deaths. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks French (13,270 or 82.8%), with German being second most common (774 or 4.8%) and Italian being third (453 or 2.8%). There are 3 people who speak Romansh. as of 2000, there were 5,999 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 7,763 married individuals, 1,110 widows or widowers and 1,162 individuals who are divorced. as of 2000, there were 7,539 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.1 persons per household. In 2000 there were 8,248 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 2,230. There were 502 single room apartments and 2,241 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 7,348 apartments (89.1% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 738 apartments (8.9%) were seasonally occupied and 162 apartments (2.0%) were empty.

The Gardens of Villa Eupalinos and the Roman villa at Prieuré are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance. The entire urban village of Pully is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 19.61% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (17.79%), the FDP (15.48%) and the Green Party (13.96%). In the federal election, a total of 5,123 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 50.5%.

as of 2010, Pully had an unemployment rate of 4.4%. as of 2008, there were 27 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 9 businesses involved in this sector. 427 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 71 businesses in this sector. 4,287 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 565 businesses in this sector. In 2000, there were 3,551 workers who commuted into the municipality and 6,070 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.7 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 1.3% of the workforce coming into Pully are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.1% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 28.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 53.9% used a private car. During the school year, the political district provided pre school care for a total of 665 children of which 232 children (34.9%) received subsidized pre school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 748 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 728 students in those schools. There were also 12 students who were home schooled or attended another non traditional school. as of 2000, there were 1,597 students in Pully who came from another municipality, while 699 residents attended schools outside the municipality. Collège Champittet, an international school, has its Pully campus in the commune.