Франциядағы Радикалдық Саяси Партиялардың Тарихы

The Radical Party of the Left (, PRG) is a social liberal political party in France. A party in the Radical tradition, since 1972 the PRG was a close ally of the major party of the centre left in France, the Socialist Party (, PS). After the 2017 presidential and legislative elections, negotiations to merge the PRG with the Radical Party (from which the PRG emerged in 1972) began and the refounding congress to reunite the parties into the Radical Movement was held on 9 and 10 December 2017. However, a faction of ex PRG members, including its last president Sylvia Pinel, split from the Radical Movement in February 2019 due to its expected alliance with La République En Marche in the European elections and resurrected the PRG.

The party was formed in 1972 by a split from the Republican, Radical, and Radical Socialist Party, once the dominant party of the French Left. It was founded by Radicals who opposed Jean Jacques Servan Schreiber's centrist direction and chose to join the Union of the Left and agreed to the Common Programme signed by the Socialist Party (PS) and the French Communist Party (PCF). At that time, the party was known as the Movement of the Radical Socialist Left (, MGRS), then as the Movement of Radicals of the Left (, MRG) after 1973. Led by Robert Fabre during the 1970s, the party was the third partner of the Union of the Left. Nevertheless, its electoral influence did not compare with those of its two allies, which competed for the leadership over the left. Robert Fabre sought to attract left wing Gaullists to the party and gradually became close to President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, who nominated him as Mediator of the Republic in 1978. He and his followers were excluded from the party by those who strongly supported the alliance with the PS. Michel Crépeau was nominated by the party for the 1981 presidential election and obtained a disappointing 2.09% in the first round. He and his party in the runoff endorsed PS candidate François Mitterrand, who eventually won. The MRG won 14 seats in the subsequent 1981 legislative election and participated in PS led governments between 1981 and 1986 and again between 1988 and 1993. In the 1984 European elections, the MRG formed a common list with Brice Lalonde's environmentalists and Olivier Stirn, a centre right deputy. The list styled as the Radical and Ecologist Agreement won 3.32%, but no seats. The party resumed its customary alliance with the PS in the 1986 legislative election and supported President Mitterrand's 1988 reelection bid by the first round. At the beginning of the 1990s, under the leadership of the popular businessman Bernard Tapie the party benefited from an ephemeral upswing in its popularity while the governing SP was in disarray. The list led by Tapie won 12.03% and 13 seats of the votes in the 1994 European Parliament election. However, Tapie retired from politics due to his legal problems and the party, renamed the Radical Socialist Party (, PRS), returned to its lowest ebb. After the Radical Party opened legal proceedings against the PRS, it was forced to change its name to the Radical Party of the Left (, PRG). Between 1997 and 2002, it was a junior partner in Lionel Jospin's Plural Left coalition government. In the 2002 presidential election, the PRG nominated its own candidate, former MEP and French Guiana deputy Christiane Taubira, for the first time since 1981. However, some members of the party including Émile Zuccarelli and PRG senator Nicolas Alfonsi supported Jean Pierre Chevènement's candidacy. Taubira won 2.32% of the vote. Taubira gave her name to the 2001 law which declared the Atlantic slave trade a crime against humanity. In the 2007 presidential election, while the party supported the PS candidate Ségolène Royal, Bernard Tapie, who had been a leading figure in the PRG, supported Nicolas Sarkozy. In the 2007 legislative election, the party won eight seats, including a seat in French Guiana (Taubira) and Saint Pierre et Miquelon. The party split on Nicolas Sarkozy's constitutional reforms in 2008. Six deputies (Gérard Charasse, Paul Giacobbi, Annick Girardin, Joël Giraud, Dominique Orliac and Sylvia Pinel) and three senators (Jean Michel Baylet, André Boyer and François Vendasi) opted to vote in favour, hence allowing for its passage. The PRG's then president Jean Michel Baylet ran in the 2011 SP presidential primaries, the only non PS candidate in the field, but was placed last with only 0.64% of the vote in the primary. The PRG supported François Hollande, the eventual winner of the primaries and the 2012 presidential election. In the 2012 legislative election, the PRG won 12 seats. With four additional members, it formed its own parliamentary group in the National Assembly, the Radical, Republican, Democratic and Progressive group. Although the PRG remained a close and loyal ally of the PS, it has also cooperated with the small Ecology Generation (GE) party since December 2011. In the 2014 European elections, the party received 13.98% of the vote on a joint list with the PS, electing one MEP Virginie Rozière, who joined the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) group with PS MEPs. In the 2017 SP presidential primary, PRG candidate Sylvia Pinel received 2% of the vote in the first round election held on 22 January 2017. In the 2017 French legislative election, the party only re elected three MPs; Annick Girardin, Jeanine Dubié and Sylvia Pinel. In 2019, the party was relaunched. The party supports Christiane Taubira in the 2022 French presidential election. Following the 2022 French legislative election, the party's only deputy is Olivier Falorni representing Charente Maritime's 1st constituency. It was the only centre left party on the French mainland with representation in the National Assembly to refuse to join the leftist electoral coalition NUPES, headed by Jean Luc Mélenchon.

The PRG advocates social liberalism, classical radicalism, secularism to its French extent known as laïcité, progressivism, European federalism, and individual freedom; it differs from the social democrats of the Socialist Party mainly by its strong attachment to private property. The party was a member of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party before 2012.

Under Baylet, the PRG's party line was centre left, socially liberal and pro European. Nevertheless, there were internal divisions in the party. Former cabinet minister and former deputy Émile Zuccarelli is a left wing republican who strongly opposed Corsican nationalism and supported the no vote in the 2005 European constitutional referendum, positions much closer to Jean Pierre Chevènement's Citizen and Republican Movement (MRC). Similarly, Christiane Taubira supported the no vote in 2005 and endorsed Arnaud Montebourg rather than Baylet in the 2011 primary.

The PRG remained rather weak on its own electorally, averaging around 2% of the vote (2002 presidential candidate Christiane Taubira won 2.32% of the vote); which explains why the party depended on its stronger ally, the PS for support and parliamentary representation. Almost all of the party's deputies and local officials were elected with no official PS opposition. It retained some support among middle class voters and in traditional Radical areas in the South West. The major exception was in Corsica, where the party was historically the largest party on the non nationalist French Left and remains so to its time of dissolution due to a tradition of political dynasties (such as the Giacobbi family) and the weak infrastructure of the PS on the island. Paul Giacobbi represented Haute Corse in the National Assembly until he stood down at the 2017 elections (Émile Zuccarelli, an internal rival of Giacobbi and current mayor of Bastia, also represented the island in Paris until his 2007 defeat) and Senators Nicolas Alfonsi and François Vendasi represented the Corsican PRG in the Senate. Giacobbi is also President of the General Council of Haute Corse. In metropolitan France, the PRG was able to sustain a long lasting Radical tradition dating back to the French Third Republic, most notably in the southwest or departments such as the Eure et Loir and Eure. The party was represented overseas in French Guiana by Taubira's Walwari, one of the major parties of the local left.

+President of the French RepublicElectionCandidateFirst roundSecond roundResultVotes%Votes%1981Michel Crépeau642,8472.21% 2002Christiane Taubira660,4472.32%

+French National AssemblyElection yearNo. of first round votes% of first round voteNo. of seatsSwing1973Classified as PSNew1978603,9322.11%1981Classified as PS1986107,7690.38%1988272,3161.11%1993Classified as PS or DVG1997389,7821.53%2002388,8911.54%2007343,5651.32%2012429,0591.65%2017106,3110.47%2022126,6890.56%

+European ParliamentElection yearNumber of votes% of overall voteNo. of seats wonSwing1979Ran on PS listNew1984670,4743.32%1989Ran on PS list19942,344,45712.03%1999Ran on PS list2004121,5730.71%2009Did not runN/A2014Ran on PS list2019Ran on PS list