Дэвид Гелернтер: Ғалым, суретші және өмір жолының трагедиясы

American painter and computer scientist

David Hillel Gelernter (born March 5, 1955) is an American computer scientist, artist, and writer. He is a professor of computer science at Yale University. Gelernter is known for contributions to parallel computation in the 1980s, and for books on topics such as computed worlds (Mirror Worlds). Gelernter is also known for his belief, expressed in his book America Lite: How Imperial Academia Dismantled Our Culture (and Ushered in the Obamacrats), that liberal academia has a destructive influence on American society. He is in addition known for his views against women in the workforce, and his rejection of the scientific consensus regarding anthropogenic climate change and evolution. In 1993 Gelernter was sent a mail bomb by Ted Kaczynski, known as the Unabomber. He opened it and the resulting explosion almost killed him, leaving him with permanent loss of use of his right hand as it destroyed 4 fingers, and permanent damage to his right eye.

Gelernter grew up on Long Island, New York. His father Herbert Gelernter was a physicist who, in the late 1950s and 1960s, became a pioneer in artificial intelligence and taught computer science at State University of New York at Stony Brook. Gelernter's grandfather was a rabbi, and Gelernter grew up as a Reform Jew; he later became a follower of Orthodox Judaism. He received his Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees in Classical Hebrew literature from Yale University in 1976. He earned his Ph. D. from State University of New York at Stony Brook in 1982. In January 1993 in his book Mirror Worlds: or the Day Software Puts the Universe in a Shoebox How It Will Happen and What It Will Mean, Gelernter wrote: " people and software work hand in glove – and sometimes hand in hand." On June 24, 1993, Gelernter was severely injured opening a mail bomb sent to him by the Unabomber. He recovered from his injuries, but his right hand (which he covers with a glove) and eye were permanently damaged. Some in the press suggested that there were parallels between his thoughts on the need for a human element to computers and those of the Unabomber. Two years after the bombing, the Unabomber sent Gelernter a letter, writing: "People with advanced degrees aren't as smart as they think they are." Gelernter helped found the company Mirror Worlds Technologies, which in 2001 released Scopeware software using ideas from his 1992 book Mirror Worlds. Gelernter believed that computers can free users from being filing clerks, by organizing their data. The product never took off, however, and the company ceased operations in 2004. Ultimately, the company lost at the trial level and on appeal. In 2016, the case was dismissed with prejudice.

Gelernter's paintings have been exhibited, sold, stolen and recovered in New Haven and Manhattan. Gelernter has critiqued what he perceives as cultural illiteracy among students. In 2015, he commented, "They [students] know nothing about art. They know nothing about history. They know nothing about philosophy. And because they have been raised as not even atheists, they don't rise to the level of atheists, insofar as they've never thought about the existence or nonexistence of God. It has never occurred to them. They know nothing about the Bible." In 2016 he said: "The [Yale] faculty and the students don't have a clue what's going on in the world."

He is a former national fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and senior fellow in Jewish thought at the Shalem Center. In 2003, he became a member of the National Council on the Arts. Time magazine profiled Gelernter in 2016, describing him as a "stubbornly independent thinker. A conservative among mostly liberal Ivy League professors, a religious believer among the often disbelieving ranks of computer scientists "

Endorsing Donald Trump for president, in October 2016, Gelernter wrote an op ed in The Wall Street Journal calling Hillary Clinton "as phony as a three dollar bill", and saying that Barack Obama "has governed like a third rate tyrant". In his capacity as a member of the Trump transition team, Peter Thiel nominated Gelernter for the Science Advisor to the President position; Gelernter did meet with Trump in January 2017 but did not get the job. In 2018, he said that the idea that Trump is a racist "is absurd." In October 2020 he joined in signing a letter stating: "Given his astonishing success in his first term, we believe that Donald Trump is the candidate most likely to foster the promise and prosperity of America." Gelernter has spoken out against women in the workforce, saying working mothers were harming their children and should stay at home.

The Washington Post, profiling him in early 2017 as a potential science advisor to Donald Trump, called Gelernter "a vehement critic of modern academia" who has "condemned 'belligerent leftists' and blamed intellectualism for the disintegration of patriotism and traditional family values." Shortly thereafter, The Atlantic published a rebuttal of The Washington Post profile, saying it was "hard to imagine a more misleading treatment" of the "pioneering polymath" Gelernter. Gelernter has "expressed skepticism about the reality" of anthropogenic climate change," rejecting the overwhelming scientific consensus in the field. In July 2019, in a review of Stephen Meyer's book Darwin's Doubt: The Explosive Origin of Animal Life and the Case for Intelligent Design, which Gelernter wrote for the Claremont Review of Books, he also rejected the scientific consensus of evolutionary biology. On the other hand, Gelernter stipulates he "cannot accept" intelligent design either, saying that "as a theory, it would seem to have a long way to go." In "A Response to David Gelernter's Attack on Evolution", Patheos, August 26, 2019, Bob Seidensticker writes: "Let's subtitle this story, 'Guy who made his career in not biology is convinced by other not biologists that Biology's core theory is wrong. Computer scientist and mathematician Jeffrey Shallit wrote: "Gelernter's review was not published in a science journal, but in a politics journal run by a far right think tank. His review cites no scientific publications at all, and makes claims like 'Many biologists agree' and 'Most biologists think' without giving any supporting citations. So, not surprisingly  Gelernter makes a fool of himself in his review, which resembles a 'greatest hits' of creationist misconceptions and lies."

Gelernter's book Mirror Worlds (1991) "prophesied the rise of the World Wide Web." Bill Joy, founder and chief scientist of Sun Microsystems, said Gelernter was "one of the most brilliant and visionary computer scientists of our time." In The Muse in the Machine (1994), Gelernter theorized that creativity is based on the degree to which people focus their attention, arguing that "low focus", when attention is wandering or emotions interfere with rationality, is when people are creative. His book was harshly criticized. In his 2012 book America Lite: How Imperial Academia Dismantled Our Culture (and Ushered in the Obamacrats), Gelernter argued that American higher education no longer cares about producing well rounded and cultured students; academics instead believe that their role is to dictate how other Americans live and think. Scottish columnist Stephen Daisley wrote in Commentary magazine that Gelernter portrayed Obama's presidency as a symbol of the failure of American education and the success of its replacement with a liberal indoctrination system. As a solution, Gelernter proposed moving all of human knowledge to online servers so that the in person college experience can be replaced by user driven self education. Daisley wrote, "America Lite is lean, incisive, convincing, delightfully indelicate, and, in a break from the conventions of the literature on education, honest. It is a fine dissection—de construction, if you must—of the corruption of higher education and the resulting debasement of political culture. If it makes its way on to a single college reading list, Hell will have frozen over." Historian Russell Jacoby was critical in his review of Gelernter's book America Lite, saying it contained insufficient arguments. Jacoby wrote that Gelernter blamed Jews for causing the breakdown of patriotism and the traditional family, writing, "Gelernter is Jewish, and it is not likely that a non Jew would airily argue that obnoxious leftist Jews have taken over elite higher education."

Gelernter has contributed to magazines such as City Journal, The Weekly Standard, and Commentary that are generally considered neoconservative. For seven months, he contributed a weekly op ed column to the Los Angeles Times. He has published in The Wall Street Journal, the New York Post, the Los Angeles Times, and the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. "Three programming systems and a computational 'model of everything'". in Peter J. Denning, ed., ACM's new Visions of computing Anthology, 2001. "Twentieth Century Machines". in R. Stolley, ed., Life Century of Change (2000). "Computers and the pursuit of happiness". Commentary, Dec. 2000. "Now that the PC is dead ,". The Wall Street Journal millennium issue, 2000. "Americanism – & Its Enemies", July–August 2004. "The Inside Out Web". Forbes, April 2007. "Machines That Will Think and Feel: Artificial intelligence is still in its infancy—and that should scare us", The Wall Street Journal, March 18, 2016. "Giving up Darwin". in Claremont Review of Books, Volume XIX, Number 2, Spring 2019