Николай Лобачевский: Өмір және әсері

Russian mathematician

Nikolai Lobachevsky was born either in or near the city of Nizhny Novgorod in the Russian Empire (now in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia) in 1792 to parents of Russian and Polish origin – Ivan Maksimovich Lobachevsky and Praskovia Alexandrovna Lobachevskaya. He was one of three children. When he was seven, his father, a clerk in a land surveying office, died, and Nikolai moved with his mother to Kazan. Nikolai Lobachevsky attended Kazan Gymnasium from 1802, graduating in 1807, and then received a scholarship to Kazan University,

E. T. Bell wrote about Lobachevsky's influence on the following development of mathematics in his 1937 book Men of Mathematics:
The boldness of his challenge and its successful outcome have inspired mathematicians and scientists in general to challenge other "axioms" or accepted "truths", for example the "law" of causality which, for centuries, have seemed as necessary to straight thinking as Euclid's postulate appeared until Lobachevsky discarded it. The full impact of the Lobachevskian method of challenging axioms has probably yet to be felt. It is no exaggeration to call Lobachevsky the Copernicus of Geometry, for geometry is only a part of the vaster domain which he renovated; it might even be just to designate him as a Copernicus of all thought.

1858 Lobachevskij, an asteroid discovered in 1972, was named in his honour. The lunar crater Lobachevsky was named in his honor. Lobachevsky Prize, a mathematics award by the Kazan State University. The Lobachevsky University was named in his honor.

A fictional mathematician named "Lobachevsky" is the subject of songwriter/mathematician Tom Lehrer's humorous song "Lobachevsky" from his 1953 Songs by Tom Lehrer album. In the song, Lehrer portrays a Russian mathematician who sings about how Lobachevsky influenced him: "And who made me a big success / and brought me wealth and fame? / Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky is his name." Lobachevsky's secret to mathematical success is given as "Plagiarize! ", as long as one is always careful to "call it, please, research". According to Lehrer, the song is "not intended as a slur on [Lobachevsky's] character" and the name was chosen "solely for prosodic reasons". In Poul Anderson's 1969 fantasy novella "Operation Changeling" – which was later expanded into the novel Operation Chaos (1971) – a group of sorcerers navigate a non Euclidean universe with the assistance of the ghosts of Lobachevsky and Bolyai. Roger Zelazny's science fiction novel Doorways in the Sand contains a poem dedicated to Lobachevsky. In the sitcom 3rd Rock from the Sun, "Dick and the Single Girl" (season 2 episode 24) original aired in the US on May 11 1997, Sonja Umdahl (Christine Baranski) a forgotten colleague transferring to teach at another university gives as the reason behind her departure that Columbia is the only holder of Nikolai Lobachevsky's manuscripts.