Адам организміндегі перфорин 1 ақуызы

Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Perforin 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRF1 gene and the Prf1 gene in mice.

Perforin is a pore forming cytolytic protein found in the granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer cells (NK cells). Upon degranulation, perforin molecules translocate to the target cell with the help of calreticulin, which works as a chaperone protein to prevent perforin from degrading. Perforin then binds to the target cell's plasma membrane via membrane phospholipids while phosphatidylcholine binds calcium ions to increase perforin's affinity to the membrane. Perforin oligomerises in a Ca2+ dependent manner to form pores on the target cell. The pore formed allows for the passive diffusion of a family of pro apoptotic proteases, known as the granzymes, into the target cell. The lytic membrane inserting part of perforin is the MACPF domain. This region shares homology with cholesterol dependent cytolysins from Gram positive bacteria. Perforin has structural and functional similarities to complement component 9 (C9). Like C9, this protein creates transmembrane tubules and is capable of lysing non specifically a variety of target cells. This protein is one of the main cytolytic proteins of cytolytic granules, and it is known to be a key effector molecule for T cell and natural killer cell mediated cytolysis.

Homozygous inheritance of defective PRF1 alleles result in the development of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 2 (FHL2), a rare and lethal autosomal recessive disorder of infancy.