Анзани қозғалтқыштары: тарихы мен түрлері

Anzani was an engine manufacturer founded by the Italian Alessandro Anzani (1877–1956), which produced proprietary engines for aircraft, cars, boats, and motorcycles in factories in Britain, France and Italy.

From his native Italy, Anzani moved to France where he became involved in cycle racing. He moved on to motorcycles and designed and built a record breaking lightweight engine. In 1907, he set up a small workshop in Paris with three staff and while they were building his engines, he designed a hydrofoil powered by one of his engines and propellers.

He supplied one of his engines to Enrico Forlanini and developed it further into a three cylinder, air cooled, radial engine ideal for the new aeroplanes. One of the early engines, the 25 hp Anzani W 3 or Fan type, was supplied to Louis Blériot who used it on his successful first aircraft crossing of the English Channel in 1909.

Anzani 3 cyl. Fan 10 12 hp 3.35" × 3.35"
Anzani 3 cyl. Fan 12 15 hp 3.35" × 3.94"
Anzani 3 cyl. Fan 25 30 hp 4.13" × 5.12"
Anzani 3 cyl. Fan 30 35 hp 4.73" × 5.12"
Anzani 3 cyl. Fan 40 45 hp 5.32" × 5.92"
Anzani 3 cyl. Fan 45 50 hp
Anzani 3 cyl. Y (Radial) 30hp
Anzani 4 cyl. V 30 35 hp (water cooled) 35 hp at 1,600 rpm
Anzani 4 cyl. V 60 70 hp (water cooled)
Anzani 5 cyl. Radial 45hp
Anzani 5 cyl. Radial 60hp
Anzani 6 cyl. Radial 45hp at 1,300 rpm
Anzani 6 cyl. Radial 70hp
Anzani 7 cyl. Radial 95hp
Anzani 10 cyl. Radial 100hp
Anzani 14 cyl. Radial 160hp
Anzani 20 cyl. Radial 200hp

Demand for the engines continued to grow and the original Paris workshop was replaced by a new factory at Courbevoie, Paris, and one in London was also added as well as licensed production by other makers. Another factory at Monza, Italy was added in 1914.

In 1920, Anzani turned to motor racing and built a small car with one of his 750 cc two cylinder engines, air cooled of course, which won several competitions. They also made a 1098 cc cyclecar between 1923 and 1924, as used in the T. B. Sports cyclecar.

On his 50th birthday in 1927, Anzani decided to sell his factories in Paris and London, keeping only the Monza works for sentimental reasons, and managed by Natale Baccanti.

In the UK, British Anzani outsourced the manufacture of their engines to Coventry Ordnance Works Ltd. In the 1920s, it was refinanced as British Vulpine Engine Company, and then again as British Anzani Engineering Company, concentrating on small engines and car and motorcycle powerplants. They supplied AC Cars with the 1496cc side valve four cylinder (that would become AC's famous 2 litre motor), Frazer Nash with a 1496cc side valve engine, (latterly supercharged) Morgan Motor Company with a V twin, and Squire with the R1 twin cam engine. Berkeley Cars used small Anzani motorcycle engines in some models. British Anzani's best known products were motorcycle, lawnmower and outboard engines. Cotton, Tandon and Greeves motorcycles used Anzani motors. In later years, the company diversified. In the years after World War II, the company's main product was the 'Iron Horse' a two wheeled pedestrian controlled ploughing engine and light tractor. In time, four wheeled versions with the driver sitting on the front of the vehicle were produced. The company became the British Anzani Group, and was trading under that name when it went into liquidation in 1980. The trademark 'British Anzani' was re registered in 2003 and the company, Anzani Ltd, in 2006. The company is supplying classic spares through Dolphin Engines of Launceston (Cornwall, UK) and is planning a return to the automotive, marine and transport industries, with products designed by Bo Zolland.