Ureaplasma urealyticum бактериясы: сипаттамасы, анықталуы және емделуі

Species of bacterium

Ureaplasma urealyticum is a bacterium belonging to the genus Ureaplasma and the family Mycoplasmataceae in the order Mycoplasmatales. This family consists of the genera Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma. Its type strain is T960. There are two known biovars of this species; T960 and 27. These strains of bacteria are commonly found as commensals in the urogenital tracts of human beings, but overgrowth can lead to infections that cause the patient discomfort. Unlike most bacteria, Ureaplasma urealyticum lacks a cell wall making it unique in physiology and medical treatment.

The six recognised Ureaplasma species have a GC content of 27 to 30 percent and a genome size ranging from 0.76 to 1.17 million base pairs, and cholesterol is required for growth. A defining characteristic of the genus is that they perform urea hydrolysis, which creates ammonia as a product. Some strains originally classified as U. urealyticum should be treated as a new species, U. parvum. Their sequences can be accessed through public records and databases. Most of the16S rDNA sequence of the two strains constitute the exact same nucleotides bases (97.3% homology), yet small differences have been acknowledged.). This helps control the infection where the bacteria grows, additionally, it is also a great alternative to when a mother is pregnant so it does not cause harm to the fetus since It's using our immune system to help defend the fetus and the mother's body.

To test for this bacterium, an agar plate, which is 10B broth, should be used on U. urealyticum. Since these bacteria love to grow in mostly acidic places, the bacteria should go under microdilution MIC dilution to get a pH color change. If the dilution color changes to red it indicates that there is presence of U. urealyticum in the sample. After this, it should be transferred to the 10B Broth, where once placed it will turn yellow, but then slowly change the color to pink. This helps to indicate the growth of the bacterium(Waites, Ken B, et al 2012). The reason it can grow on this 10B Broth is because it has a lot of nutrients that let the bacteria grow from heart infusion to yeast extract, yet, it also has urea to help the bacteria to hydrolyze it and with hydrolyzing it causes the release of ammonia that causes the broth to change to a pink color (10B Broth Thermo Fisher Scientific). The reason for this is that it loves to live in urea rich environments. It's the same reason why in clinics, they take urine samples or vaginal swabs to be sent to the labs to run this test on 10B broth.

Ureaplasma urealyticum can cause urethritis and may cause bacterial vaginosis. Infection can occur in extragenital sites. A common symptom associated with these infections is the "fishy" smell that is created due to the production of ammonia by the hydrolysis of urea. Patients should confirm diagnosis with a doctor. The bacterium has high correlations with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). It has also been linked to infertility in both males and females. Issues that arise from Ureaplasma urealyticum infections during pregnancy include preterm birth and impacted embryonic development. Some patients have given birth to children subjected to bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Patients can evolve resistances to normal antibiotic treatments due to the distinctive physiology of these organisms. In the Western World, approximately 40% of Ureaplasma species are resistant to fluoroquinolones (i. e. ciprofloxacin). Patients who are pregnant have further limitations on the treatment course of a Ureaplasma urealyticum infection, making it far harder to successfully cure.