Вьетнамның Bắc Ninh провинциясы

Province of Vietnam

Bắc Ninh is a province of Vietnam, located in the Red River Delta of the northern part of the country. It is the smallest province of Vietnam by area and is situated to the east of the nation's capital, Hanoi, and borders Bắc Giang province, Hưng Yên province, Hải Dương province and Hanoi. The province covers an area of The GRDP reached 248.376 trillion Vietnamese Đồng (equivalent to over 10.8 billion USD), with a per capita GRDP of 7,250 USD (equivalent to 167 million Đồng), and a GRDP growth rate of 7.39% in 2022. The province is rich in culture and is known nationally for Quan họ folk music. Quan họ was recognized as an Intangible Cultural Heritage by the UNESCO in 2009. Bắc Ninh has a Human Development Index of 0.768 (high), ranking seventh among all municipalities and provinces of Vietnam.

During the Hồng Bàng period, Bắc Ninh belonged to bộ Vũ Ninh (bộ is at a local level the highest administrative unit under the dynasties of the Hùng kings). Under the Lý and Trần dynasties, it belonged to lộ Bắc Ninh; it belonged to thừa tuyên Kinh Bắc under the Lê dynasty and then changed into trấn Kinh Bắc and Bắc Ninh. Under Emperor Minh Mạng of the Nguyễn dynasty, it was renamed Bắc Ninh province in 1831. During the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, Bắc Ninh province and the neighboring Bắc Giang province were united as Hà Bắc province on 27 October 1962. During the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, on 6 November 1996 at the 10th Session of the 9th National Congress, Hà Bắc province was separated into two provinces, Bắc Ninh and Bắc Giang. The administrative system of Bắc Ninh province has operated since 1 January 1997.

Bắc Ninh has a rather even and flat terrain, mainly sloping from north to south and west to east, causing currents to flow down into the Đuống and Thái Bình Rivers. Field areas are 3 7m high and hill and mountain areas are 300 400m high above sea level. Its hills and mountains only make up 0.53 per cent of its natural area, mainly in the two districts of Quế Võ and Tiên Du. Also, there are shallow depressions along dykes under the districts of Gia Bình, Lương Tài, Quế Võ and Yên Phong.

The province's total natural land area is 822.7 km2, in which agricultural land, forestry land, specialized and residential land and unused land account for 54%, 0.7%, 31% and 14.3% respectively. The province's mineral reserve is limited: mainly construction materials such as clay in Quế Võ and Tiên Du, sandstone in Thị Cầu, Vũ Ninh, Bắc Ninh town and peat in Yên Phong.

Bắc Ninh features a warm humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) with plentiful precipitation. Bắc Ninh is located in a tropical monsoon region. The annual average temperature is 24 °C. The highest is 30 °C in July; the lowest is 6 °C in January. The province experiences the typical climate of northern Vietnam, where summers are hot and humid, and winters are, by national standards, relatively cold and dry. Summers, lasting from May to September, are hot and humid, receiving the majority of the annual of rainfall. The winters, lasting from November to March, are relatively mild, dry (in the first half) or humid (in the second half), while spring (April) can bring light rains. Autumn (October) is the best time of the year in terms of weather. The average annual sunshine is 1,530 1,776 hours, while the relative humidity is 79%.

NameDivision typePopulation (2009)Area (km2)Towns (huyện lỵ or thị trấn) (bold)and communes (xã) Bắc Ninh City (thành phố) 270.426 82.6 Wards (phường):Đáp Cầu, Thị Cầu, Vũ Ninh, Suối Hoa, Ninh Xá, Tiền An, Vệ An, Vạn An, Kinh Bắc, Đại Phúc, Võ Cường, Vân Dương, Hạp Lĩnh, Hòa Long, Phong Khê, Khúc Xuyên, Kim Chân, Nam Sơn, Khắc Niệm. Từ Sơn City (thành phố) 186.004 61.1 Wards (phường): Châu Khê, Đình Bảng, Đông Ngàn, (Đồng Nguyên, Đồng Kỵ, Tân Hồng, Trang Hạ, Hương Mạc, Phù Chẩn, Phù Khê, Tam Sơn, Tương Giang. Thuận Thành Town (Thị xã) 179.140 117.8 Hồ, An Bình, Đại Đồng Thành, Đình Tổ, Gia Đông, Hà Mãn, Hoài Thượng, Mão Điền, Nghĩa Đạo, Ngũ Thái, Nguyệt Đức, Ninh Xá, Song Hồ, Song Liễu, Thanh Khương, Trạm Lộ, Trí Quả, Xuân Lâm. Quế Võ Town (Thị xã) 212.081 155,1 Phố Mới, Bằng An, Bồng Lai, Cách Bi, Chi Lăng, Đức Long, Châu Phong, Đào Viên, Đại Xuân, Hán Quảng, Mộ Đạo, Nhân Hoà, Ngọc Xá, Phượng Mao, Phương Liễu, Phù Lãng, Phù Lương, Quế Tân, Việt Hùng, Việt Thống và Yên Giả. Tiên Du District District (huyện) 190.677 95,6 Lim,Cảnh Hưng, Đại Đồng, Hiên Vân, Lạc Vệ, Liên Bão, Minh Đạo, Nội Duệ, Phật Tích, Phú Lâm, Tân Chi, Tri Phương, Việt Đoàn, Hoàn Sơn. Yên Phong District District (huyện) 211.048 96,9 Chờ, Dũng Liệt, Đông Phong, Đông Thọ, Đông Tiến, Hòa Tiến, Long Châu, Tam Đa, Tam Giang, Thụy Hòa, Trung Nghĩa, Văn Môn, Yên Phụ, Yên Trung. Gia Bình District District (huyện) 106.556 107.6 Gia Bình, Giang Sơn, Song Giang, Đông Cứu, Lãng Ngâm, Đại Bái, Quỳnh Phú, Đại Lai, Xuân Lai, Nhân Thắng, Thái Bảo, Bình Dương, Vạn Ninh, Cao Đức. Lương Tài District District (huyện) 107.013 105.9 Thứa, An Thịnh, Bình Định, Lai Hạ, Lâm Thao, Minh Tân, Mỹ Hương, Phú Hòa, Phú Lương, Quảng Phú, Tân Lãng, Trung Chính, Trung Kênh, Trừng Xá.

Historical population Year Pop. 1995 916,000 1996 925,300 1997 931,700 1998 937,600 1999 943,000 2000 950,600 2001 958,900 2002 967,600 2003 975,300 2004 983,200 2005 991,100 2006 999,800 2007 1,009,400 2008 1,018,100 2009 1,026,500 2010 1,041,200 2011 1.063,400 2012 1.085,800 2013 1.108,200 2014 1.131,200 Sources:
In terms of land area, Bắc Ninh is the smallest of all Vietnamese provinces (and in fact, is smaller than any of the five province level municipalities). It is, however, home to a relatively large number of people for its size, having the highest population density of any province. On average, there are over 1,200 people for every square kilometre of land in Bắc Ninh. According to the census of 1 April 2009, the population was 1,024,472 with a density of 1,262 people/km2, 5 times the national average. There are 27 ethnic groups in the province, of these ethnic Vietnamese comprised 99.67%.

Bắc Ninh is situated about 30 kilometres from Hanoi and Nội Bài International Airport, and some 100 km from Haiphong, Hạ Long, Cái Lân Port and Lạng Sơn border gate. Roadway: The province has over 3,906.8 km of road, 104.8 km of which are from 4 routes of national roads of No. 1 (old and new routes) (linking Hanoi – Bắc Ninh – Lạng Sơn), No. 18 (Nội Bài – Bắc Ninh – Hạ Long), No. 38 (Bắc Ninh – Hải Dương – Haiphong) and the Nội Bài Hạ Long Expressway. 251 km are from routes of provincial roads, 404 km from district and urban areas, and some 3,147 km from commune and hamlet roads. Waterway: Three big rivers flowing through Bắc Ninh comprise the Cầu River which is 42 km long, Thái Bình River which is 17 km long, and Đuống River which is 42 km long. Also, there is Đáp Cầu Port, and two special ports of the Cầu River. Railway: A 20 km Hanoi Lang Son Rail Route runs through Bắc Ninh and 4 railway stations of Từ Sơn, Lim, Bắc Ninh, and Thị Cầu. A 39 km Yên Viên Phả Lại Rail Route is planned to be constructed in the districts of Tiên Du, Từ Sơn, Quế Võ and Bắc Ninh City. Power supply: Power is stably supplied for production and domestic consumption, comprising 120 km of 110kV national grid, 249.3 km of 35 kV electric lines and 3,700 km of 0.4kV electric lines. All districts and cities have national grid and all households use electricity.

Bắc Ninh province lies on the major traffic artery linking Vietnam and China – which is a strongly growing market and expected to be larger as the China ASEAN free trade area is formed. It also lies on the Nanning Lạng Sơn Hanoi Hai Phong and Nanning Singapore economic corridors, the Hanoi capital city planning area and the busy Hanoi Hai Phong Quảng Ninh economic development triangle. Bắc Ninh province is known as a light point in industrial development, and has been lifting rapidly with long steps of industrialisation – modernisation. Bắc Ninh has 15 industrial parks with a total area of 7,681 ha, of which nine have operated effectively. The industrial parks have lured 272 foreign direct investment (FDI) projects totaling to over $3.7 billion, including those invested by Canon, Samsung, P&Tel, Sumitomo, Foxconn, ABB, Orion, PepsiCo and Nokia. They have attracted 254 domestic projects with a total registered capital of over $1 billion and a labour force of more than 83,000. Bắc Ninh has as many as 120 handicraft producing villages, 62 of which are involved in producing traditional products such as copper casting (Đại Bái Gia Bình), iron and steel (Đa Hội Từ Sơn), and wooden products (Đồng Kỵ Kim Sơn). They have the upper hand and high potential to contribute to Bắc Ninh's economic development. In 2015, the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) increased 8.7% compared with 2014. The economic structure shifted in the right direction with agro forestry fishery accounting for 5.3%, industry and construction for 75.6% and service 19.1%. Industrial production value was estimated at VND 610 trillion, up 9.1%. The total retail sale of goods and consumer service revenue reached over VND 39.7 trillion, up 15.4%, the total export turnover of goods was estimated at US$23.2 billion, up 6.4%, the total state budget revenue in the province was estimated at VND 14,500 billion, up 14.3%.

Bắc Ninh's education system is divided into 5 categories: pre primary, primary, intermediate, secondary, and higher education. Kindergarten is for children from 2 to 5 years old to form thinking skills (not all children must learn this level). Primary school level is also called level I, starting at 6 years old. Level I consists of 5 grades, from grade 1 to grade 5. This is required for all students. Secondary level education: Level II includes 4 grades, from grade 6 to grade 9. Students must learn various school subjects such as: Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry (grades 8 and 9), Biology, Technology, written language, History, Geography, Education Citizens, Foreign Language, Health and Parenting Music Visual Arts. In addition students have some information required such as: education outside the classroom on time, direction of education (grade 9) and use of school. To study the higher level students participate in the examination enrollment. Further secondary school: Level III consists of 3 grades, from grade 10 to grade 12. To graduate level III, students must participate in the graduation exam secondary school of education and training. Notable high schools in Bắc Ninh include Bắc Ninh High School for the Gifted, Thuận Thành No 1 High School, among others. Though the former schools are all public, private education is also available in Bắc Ninh. Students who want to study in schools public school must attend an examination of birth. The exam is held every year, by the Department of Education and Training of the local lead. At this level, students also study subjects similar to those in middle school. However, students in secondary school also take a number of other activities such as business and vocational.