D&D сиырлы жүйелері мен сиқыры

Spells and magic systems used in D&D

The magic in Dungeons & Dragons consists of the spells and magic systems used in the settings of the role playing game Dungeons & Dragons (D&D). D&D defined the genre of fantasy role playing games, and remains the most popular table top version. Many of the original concepts have become widely used in the role playing community across many different fictional worlds, as well as across all manner of popular media including books, board games, video games, and films. The specific effects of each spell, and even the names of some spells, vary from edition to edition of the Dungeons & Dragons corpus.

In 1974, the 36 page "Volume 1: Men & Magic" pamphlet was published as part of the original Dungeons & Dragons boxed set and included 12 pages about magic. It primarily describes individual spells where the "spells often but not always have both duration and ranges, and the explanation of spells frequently references earlier Chainmail materials". The first edition had over 100 spells that were "largely inflexible" and when a caster ran out of spells to cast, they were "defenseless fodder for orcs, goblins, and trolls". If a caster could "survive those vulnerable early levels, spells could grant godlike powers, like the reality warping Wish spell, which does exactly what you think it does. A maxed level fighter might be Achilles, but a level 20 magic user was Zeus".</blockquote>The intent of the Vancian magic system in Dungeons & Dragons was to create restraints on magic users to balance the overall game. The Vancian magic system included "basic assumptions about how arcane magic worked" that "only began to change with D&D 3e (2000), which introduced the non memorizing sorcerer, and with D&D 3.5e (2003), which introduced the at will warlock".

The fourth edition of Dungeons & Dragons (2008) added unique powers to every class with a focus on party roles rather than just spell casters having powers. The mechanical change of adding at will and encounter powers "moved spell casters away from the idea of 'Vancian' spell casting [ ]. Magic items were also built into a character's progression, with each item having suggested levels". Fourth edition also initially "abandoned the school of magic approach" to arcane magic,

The fifth edition of Dungeons & Dragons (2014) uses a hybrid system of Vancian and at will magic. Some classes, such as clerics and wizards, go through the process of preparing spells they can cast everyday from their spell list. Other classes, such as bards and sorcerers, "have a limited list of spells they know that are always fixed in the mind". they've used up all of their daily spell slots. The One D&D public playtest reintroduced the fourth edition division of magic types: arcane, divine and primal in August 2022.

In the Dungeons & Dragons game, magic is a force of nature and a part of the world. Since the publication of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons (1977), magic has typically been divided into two main types: arcane, which comes from the world and universe around the caster, and divine, which is inspired from above (or below): the realms of gods and demons.</blockquote>Bards, sorcerers, warlocks, and wizards learn to cast arcane spells, which are typically flashy and powerful. Clerics, druids, rangers and paladins cast divine spells, which draw their power from a deity, from nature, or simply the caster's inner faith. While some spells can be cast by both arcane and divine casters, other spells are limited to one type or the other. Crawford highlighted the thematic difference between divine and arcane magic, where the spell lists for divine spellcasters have fewer destructive spells and instead "tend to be filled with healing magic, magic that protects people. [ ] Arcane power at its heart is really in a way about hacking the multiverse". Sorcerers are innate casters whose magic is influenced by the origin of their arcane connection. "Some sorcerers trace their magic back to a powerful ancestor, like a dragon, a celestial, or a djinni. Others can delineate their magic to an extraplanar source, such as the shrouded lands of the Shadowfell, or the roiling chaos of Limbo". This origin adds both thematic and mechanical constraints on the types of spells a sorcerer can learn. Shannon Appelcline, author of Designers & Dragons, commented that "D&D 4e's primal power source focuses on transformation: the barbarian rages, the druid wild shapes, and the warden hybridizes. The shaman the only standard build that didn't follow this trend; the designers thought that it was complex enough already". This outlined that the source of primal magic is "the forces of nature found in the inner planes". Druids and rangers are the practitioners of primal magic. Jeff Howard, in his book Game Magic: A Designer's Guide to Magic Systems in Theory and Practice, highlights that the schools of magic do not "necessarily refer to an academic institution for learning and teaching" but rather "schools of magic constitute a taxonomy of reality, in the sense of methodical and ordered classification of the chaos of existence and experience into a structured and order whole. The domains are aspects of existence over which various spells operate". Wizards who specialize in this school are known as Abjurers. is an aura of magic; especially that which enchanted items radiate. Gary Gygax encountered the Middle English word dweomercræft in Susan Kelz Sperling's book Poplollies & Bellibones: A Celebration of Lost Words (1977), where it is defined as "the art of magic or juggling." Gygax invented such derivations as dweomered, dweomercræfter, and dweomercræfting.

NameFirst Appearance Description5th EditionDunamancy was originally created by Matthew Mercer for Critical Role, a Dungeons & Dragons web series, and then was added to the canon in the 5th edition sourcebook Explorer's Guide to Wildemount (2020). "Dunamancy involves the manipulation of entropy, gravity, and time" where "dunamancers draw power from alternate timelines and unseen realities, subtly affect the flow of time, and even tighten or loosen the grip of gravity". Explorer's Guide to Wildemount added three new subclasses (Chronurgy and Graviturgy for wizards and Echo Knight for fighters) and 15 new dunamancy spells. Time magic and wizards who specialized in it were previously explored in the 2nd edition supplement Chronomancer (1995). Elven High Magic2nd EditionElven High Magic was added to the Forgotten Realms setting in the 2nd edition sourcebook Cormanthyr: Empire of the Elves (1998). It is a type of powerful ritual magic that can only be used by Elves and it can be used to create mythals, change reality and even affect the Gods. These epic level spells were typically cast by a group of spellcasters to make the casting easier. This book also added three new classes (Incarnate, Soulborn, and Totemist) where "the users of incarnum fall somewhere beyond the wizard on the rigidity end of the scale. They shape their soulmelds on a daily basis a process much like casting spells, except that the effects just remain active". As all abilities granted by vestiges are supernatural in nature, as opposed to spell like, there is little overlap with normal spellcasting. These powers are useful, but if a prospective binder fails to make a pact (governed by a skill check), they are subject to that vestige's influence, behaving as it requires (e. g. a pyromaniac vestige could require its binder to burn all flammable objects it possesses). Pact magic reappeared in both the 4th edition Player's Handbook (2008) and the 5th edition Player's Handbook (2014) as the main mechanic for warlocks. In both editions, warlocks acquired their unique class features and spellcasting ability by forming pacts with powerful entities such as fey or infernal creatures. Reversible spells1st EditionIn 1st and 2nd edition AD&D, some spells have the reversible trait. These spells are memorized in either their normal or reverse version. For example, the reversed form of the Cure Serious Wounds spell, which heals a touched target, is Cause Serious Wounds, which damages a touched target, while the reversed form of the Water Breathing spell, which allows the target to breathe water, is Air Breathing, which allows the target to breathe air, and the reversed form of the Continual Light spell, which provides magical illumination, is Continual Darkness, which causes magical darkness. Shadow magic2nd EditionShadow magic was introduced in the 2nd Edition book Player's Option: Skills & Powers (1995)—which included four new schools of magic—as an additional school of magic with its own specialist wizard, the shadow mage, whose magical potency when casting spells depends on the balance between light and darkness around them. In 3rd Edition's Tome of Magic (2006), the Shadowcaster manipulates shadow plane energy to create a variety of effects. Some of shadow magic's stronger suits include single target damage (and to a lesser extent, area damage), espionage and divination, and reacting to or influencing the magic of others. Truename magic3.5 EditionTruename magic was introduced in the 3.5 edition book Tome of Magic (2006). A Truenamer is a caster that utilizes the power of truenames to create a variety of effects. Mechanically, Trunamers are very much a "support" oriented class whose strong suits include healing and protection, weapon and armor augmentation, and battlefield harassment. In May 2020, it was announced that the Onomancy subclass was no longer being developed. Universal spells3rd EditionSpells that do not fall into any of the eight schools of magic were called universal spells and were introduced in the 3rd edition. As universal spells are not a school, per se, no one can specialize in them. These spells can "affect other spells or change the very nature of magic or reality itself". The most famous of these spells is Wish, the most powerful spell within the game, which can duplicate spells from all schools. Wild magic2nd EditionA form of arcane magic used by wild mages that can tap directly into the Weave to create often unpredictable results that was introduced to the game in the Forgotten Realms Adventures (1990). In 2nd Edition, Tome of Magic (1991) added "a new class of magician who studied wild magic the wild mage and made him available to worlds beyond Toril. These wild mages were one of Tome of Magic's most long lasting additions to D&D, as their reappeared as a prestige class for 3.5e in Complete Arcane (2004)"

In the Dark Sun campaign setting, arcane magic draws its power from the life force of plants or living creatures, with the potential to cause tremendous harm to the environment. Arcane spellcasters may cast spells in a manner that preserves nature, known as preservers, or in a manner that destroys it, known as defilers. However, any arcane caster may choose to defile at any time. As a result, wizards and other arcane casters are despised and must practice in secret. Due to the scarcity of natural resources on the fictional planet Athas, few wizards have access to books made of paper pages and hard covers; instead, they record their spells with string patterns and complex knots. Psionics are extremely common with nearly every living thing having at least a modicum of psionic ability. Unlike arcane magic, psionic abilities are accepted and revered in every strata of Athasian society. Athas has no deities and no formal religions other than the cults created by the sorcerer kings. Clerics and druids instead draw power from the Inner Planes/Elemental Chaos. In previous editions, templars (casters who directly serve and derive their powers from the sorcerer kings) were treated as a specialized form of cleric. In 4th edition, the templar class shifted away from being a divine caster to an arcane caster, though not all templars are skilled in magic. In ancient Netheril, "Spellcasters are arcanists and do not memorise spells – they merely pluck them out of the weave." The Weave is present in everything and is part of the goddess Mystra's body, who actively willed its effects. The Sword Coast Adventurer's Guide (2015) states, "in two senses, both the metaphorical and the real, the goddess Mystra is the Weave. She is its keeper and tender, but all three times the goddess of magic has died or been separated from her divinity [ ], magic has been twisted or has failed entirely".

The following is a sampling of spells featured in multiple Dungeons & Dragons iterations.

Color Spray: A vivid cone of clashing colors springs forth from the caster's hand, causing creatures to become stunned, perhaps also blinded, and possibly even knocking them unconscious. Darkvision: The subject gains the ability to see clearly (albeit in black and white) in total darkness. Feather Fall: The affected creatures or objects fall slowly; at a feather rate. Feather fall instantly changes the rate at which the targets fall to a mere 60 feet per round (equivalent to the end of a fall from a few feet), and the subjects take no damage upon landing while the spell is in effect. However, when the spell duration expires, a normal rate of falling resumes. Fireball: A tiny ball flies forward from the caster, exploding in a huge fireball at a point designated by the caster. While an extremely potent spell, the caster must take care to avoid catching allies in the explosion, or to accidentally strike an obstruction and detonate the spell early. Flesh to Stone: The subject, along with all its carried gear, is turned into a mindless, inert, stone statue. If the statue resulting from this spell is broken or damaged, the subject (if ever returned to its original state) has similar damage or deformities. (See also: Petrification)
Invisibility: The target of this spell becomes invisible for a time, but immediately becomes visible if they attack a person or creature or casts another spell. The spell's ability to cause automatic damage makes it one of the most used spells. In the initial release of 4th edition, magic missile required an attack roll. The July 2010 update changed this back to an automatic hit, albeit with a lower amount of damage. Meteor Swarm: Four meteors fly forward and explode like Fireballs. One of the most destructive spells in the game, capable of rending castles or devastating entire armies. Polymorph: Transforms a target into another creature of the caster's choosing, such as an ogre, a small giant or the like. In some editions, polymorph is divided into several spells, for example, in 3rd edition, it is divided into Polymorph Self, which can only target the caster, and Polymorph Other, a higher level spell which can affect other targets, while in 3.5 edition, it is divided into Polymorph, which can only affect a willing target, and the higher level Baleful Polymorph, can transform an unwilling target into a weaker form, such as a frog. Scrying: Allows the caster to spy on someone from a distance. In 5th edition, there are 17 spells with the summoning tag and summoning is broken up creature type. Tasha's Cauldron of Everything is adds nine additional summon monster spells (from such as aberration and shadowspawn) that were originally part of the Unearthed Arcana playtest. Teleport: Allows the caster to instantly appear somewhere else in the world, though at lower levels this ability can be somewhat imprecise. Time Stop: Allows the caster to manipulate the flow of time, giving them few extra moments to act when time is "stopped" for everyone (and everything) else. In 5th edition, using the spell for anything other than duplicating a spell of 8th level or lower causes serious arcane stress, severely weakening the caster for between 2 and 8 days and a 33 percent chance of leaving them unable to cast Wish ever again. Though the wish can technically fulfill any desire, there are set limitations as to what can be wished for without consequence. Dungeon Masters are often encouraged to interpret a player's wish as literally as possible, particularly for selfish or greedy wishes (or any other wish that exceeds the set boundaries for "safe" wishes). For example, if someone wished for a fortune in gold, the DM could grant the wish by appropriating a local king's treasury, making the wisher a target for retaliation. Or, if somebody wished to live forever, they could end up being trapped in a timeless extradimensional space. Thus, the wisher must be very careful upon using the spell.

Cure light wounds: A basic healing spell available to clerics, druids, bards, paladins, and rangers. Cure critical wounds is a more powerful healing spell available only to clerics, druids, and bards. In 5th edition, there is only one Cure wounds spell with Mass Cure Wounds simply extending the original spell to up to 6 creatures within a thirty foot radius. Detect evil: The caster is able to tell if someone or something they look at is evil. Other versions of this spell exist for the various other alignment components, such as good, lawful, and chaotic. Raise dead: The power to revive a deceased character, as long as their remains are roughly whole and have not deteriorated beyond a certain point. It is similar to the arcane Summon Monster spells (which Clerics can also cast as Divine spells), and like Summon Monster there is a variant of Summon Nature's Ally for each spell level. Summon Nature's Ally differs from Summon Monster in the kind of creatures it is capable of summoning. Most of the available creatures are animals, although elementals, magical beasts and fey are also available. In 5th edition, druids, rangers and some bards have access to the spell now known as Conjure Woodland Beings.