Шаклфорд ауылының тарихы мен географиясы

the village

Shackleford is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Guildford, Surrey, England centred to the west of the A3 between Guildford and Petersfield 32 mile (51 km) southwest of London and 5.2 mile (8 km) southwest of Guildford. Shackleford includes the localities of Eashing, Hurtmore, Norney and Gatwick.

The village does not appear in the Domesday Book of 1086; however, Hurtmore manor in the east of the parish and Rodsall manor, just to the west of the parish, a far south part of Puttenham, do appear. The name first appears in 1220, as Sakelesford, and appears in a variety of mostly quite minor variants thereafter. The second element, ford, is self explanatory, but the etymology of the "Shackle " element is uncertain. One possibility is that it is from Old English sceacol 'a shackle', perhaps with reference to a chain used to aid in crossing the river. Alternatively, there may have been an unattested Old English adjective *sceacol 'shaky, loose' from the stem of the Old English verb sceacan 'to shake', perhaps with reference to the bed of the river. It has also been suggested that the element might derive from an unattested Old English noun akin to Old High German scahho 'strip or tongue of land' or to Old Norse skekill as in útskekill 'the outskirts of a field', but there is nothing in the local topography pointing to such meanings. Whatever the etymology, in 1349 a John de Shackleford was one of three persons enfeoffed of a nearby manor; his surname, which at that relatively late date was most likely hereditary, doubtless referred to the Surrey village. Hall Place (see landmarks) was a large house of Richard Wyatt, who built the Mead Row Almshouses in 1619, before Hall Place was rebuilt in the 19th century. For a time the estate office was used as an inn, known as the Cyder House. Hall Place was acquired by Mr. William Edgar Horne, who turned it into a modern mansion. With gardens designed by Gertrude Jekyll, in the 1940s it was sold and converted into what became Aldro School. Its panelling and overmantel of the dining room came from the Cock Tavern in Fleet Street, London; its gallery railings in the hall came from the Old Banqueting Hall at Whitehall Palace. Meanwhile, Hurtmore Manor was held by Sir Edward More of Odiham who before his death in 1623 left this to his daughter and her husband Sir William Staunton, recusant convict, and stating he should have the house free of rent for life – the manor was sold by later relatives to executors of Simon Bennett of Calverton, one of the daughters of whom married James Cecil, 4th Earl of Salisbury (when still styled by the courtesy title Viscount Cranborne) and his son James Cecil, 5th Earl of Salisbury inherited the share of the two Bennett daughters; his grandson James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury sold the estate with much later belonging to the Richardson, Keen and Frankland families. Shackleford is centred 32 mile (51 km) southwest of London and 5.2 mile (8 km) southwest of Guildford. Consequently, Malden summarised Shackleford's visual landscape in 1911 "The hamlet of Shackleford contains some old cottages and farm buildings and many new houses in very beautiful scenery."

Eashing is a hamlet 1.5 mile (2 km) south east of Shackleford on the River Wey, 1.2 mile (2 km) west of Godalming, and was part of the Hundred of Godalming; in the Anglo Saxon era it was a significant place and is one of the burhs listed in the Burghal Hidage of Alfred the Great. Eashing is now administered by Guildford Borough Council and is divided into Upper Eashing on top of the steep south east bank and Lower Eashing set low, immediately below the A3 road embankment on the north west bank. Lower Eashing has an ancient bridge over the River Wey which was constructed in the 14th century by monks from Waverley Abbey. Twenty buildings strewn across both parts are now listed buildings. Noel Fitzpatrick's veterinary practice is located at Eashing, and has been seen in television programmes including The Bionic Vet.

Hurtmore is a settlement and locality roughly east of Shackleford, adjoining hilly developed parts of the outskirts of Godalming such as Charterhouse Hill and Prior's Field (which is part of the village of Compton). On Charterhouse Hill, which comes under Godalming, is a well known public school (independent). Charterhouse School. The name is derived from the word hurt ('hart'/deer) and mere ('pond'), which still exists in a rather poor state at Hurtmore Bottom. A hot air balloon provider, Reach 4 The Sky, operates flights from the land behind the pub cottages, historically used as a chalk quarry. An 18 hole golf course with clubhouse is just off the next to the public house, The Squirrel, which is beside the A3 and has a focus on serving food while providing a few guest rooms. It closed for a period from 28 November 2008 to 17 July 2009 and was refurbished before reopening under new management.

Six listed buildings are spread about among the no more than 30 private residences, most with private woods. The Church of St Mary, Norney Grange, The Lodge to Norney Grange, Norney Farmhouse and Norney Old House which is a Tudor period cottage with extensions. One of these, Norney Grange is Grade II* listed, (described in Landmarks, below).

Nestled among fir and beech plantations is a small neighbourhood consisting of 15 houses named Gatwick (not to be confused with the former hamlet in Reigate and Banstead, or the airport of the same name), parts of which overlook part of the expanse of placid, acid heath to the northwest, the Surrey Wildlife Trust managed Puttenham & Crooksbury Commons. Its coordinates are (SU 916 450).

To the south west is a late 17th century two storey galleted coursed sandstone home with red brick dressings facing its round front drive, which is listed.

During the reign of King Alfred the Great an Anglo Saxon burh was constructed at Upper Eashing as a defensive point to resist Viking attacks. Both this and the 13th century Eashing Bridge (in two parts) are Scheduled Ancient Monuments

The bridge is officially listed as "probably built by the monks of Waverley Abbey"; it is made of local rubble stone with thin slabs of Bargate stone set in mortar to form voussoirs over the arches. Its top is of 18th century bricks with no parapet but instead for safety, twentieth century wooden posts and railings. The east span consists of three arches and the west four. Pointed cutwaters to upstream side and rounded cutwaters, "very rare", to downstream side.

An A3 intersection to local roads is directly between Norney and Hurtmore, which is one of three which can be used to access the town of Godalming. Eashing can be accessed by bridleway and footpath under the A3 or from the A3 itself, not by local roads to the northwest.