Майами порты: Флорида штатының ірі теңіз порты

the primary seaport of Miami, Miami Dade, Florida, USA

The Port of Miami, styled as PortMiami and formally known as the Dante B. Fascell Port of Miami, is a major seaport located in Biscayne Bay at the mouth of the Miami River in Miami, Florida. It is the largest passenger port in the world and one of the largest cargo ports in the United States. The port is located on Dodge, Lummus and Sam's Islands, which is the combination of three historic islands (Dodge, Lummus and Sam's Islands) that have since been combined into one. It is connected to Downtown Miami by Port Boulevard—a causeway over the Intracoastal Waterway—and to the neighboring Watson Island via the PortMiami Tunnel. It is named in honor of 19 term Florida Congressman Dante Fascell. As of 2023, PortMiami accounts for approximately 334,500 jobs and has an annual economic revenue of $43 billion to the state of Florida.

In the early 1900s, Government Cut was dredged along with a new channel to what now is known as Bicentennial Park in downtown Miami. This new access to the mainland created the Main Channel which greatly improved the shipping access to the new port. From these original dredging spoils which were disposed on the south side of the new Main Channel, new islands were inadvertently created which later became Dodge, Lummus and Sam's Island along with several other smaller islands. PortMiami's improved shipping access and growth of the South Florida community led to an expansion of the port. On April 5, 1960, Resolution No. 4830, "Joint Resolution Providing for Construction of Modern Seaport Facilities at Dodge Island Site" was approved by the Dade County Board of Commissioners. On April 6, 1960, the City of Miami approved City Resolution No. 31837 to construct the new port. The new port on Dodge Island required expansion of the island by joining it together with the surrounding islands. After the seawalls, administrative buildings, and a vehicle and railroad bridge were completed, Port of Miami operations were moved to the new Dodge Island port. Additional fill material enlarged the connected Lummus and Sam's islands as well as the North, South and NOAO slips, creating a completely artificial island for PortMiami. The port is officially named after Florida House of Representatives member Dante Fascell, who served for four decades from 1955 to 1993, and died in 1998. In 1993, the first dredge of PortMiami occurred, deepening it to In 2006, a $40 million project to expand the South Harbor finished. In 2013, a dredging project began to deepen the harbors around PortMiami from In April 2019, the Miami Dade Tourism and Ports Committee approved a deal for Royal Caribbean Cruises to build a new office and parking garage on Dodge Island.

PortMiami is the busiest cruise/passenger port in the world. It accommodates major cruise lines such as Carnival, Royal Caribbean, Norwegian, Disney, and MSC, among others, and also serves as the homeport of one of the largest cruise ships in the world by gross tonnage, Symphony of the Seas. Over 5.5 million cruise passengers pass through the port each year (FY2018/2019). As of July 2020, there are seven operating passenger terminal facilities at PortMiami: A, C, D, E, F, G, and J. Of the seven, there is one facility that is purpose built for a specific company, while other companies share the other terminals. Five more company specific facilities are in their planning or construction stages.

Terminal Allocation AThis facility exclusively serves cruise lines that are part of Royal Caribbean Group, and handles the world's largest class of cruise ships, the Icon class ships. DThis facility primarily serves cruise lines that are part of Carnival Corporation & plc.

On March 7, 2018, Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings announced plans for a new facility to redevelop their "Terminal B" at PortMiami that will be fully capable of serving Norwegian's largest ships, the Breakaway Plus class ships. Norwegian originally intended to open the terminal, dubbed the "Pearl of Miami," by fall 2019, but budgeting issues initially postponed its opening date until spring of 2020. In In August 2021 Terminal B serviced its first cruise ship. In July 2018, MSC Cruises announced plans to build "Terminal AA/AAA" for its upcoming cruise ships, a forthcoming class of cruise ship with an approximate gross tonnage of 205,700 tons. This marks MSC's second investment in its passenger facility infrastructure at PortMiami after MSC unveiled Terminal F, a custom built terminal for MSC's ships, in December 2017. The new terminal is expected to be completed in October 2022. The new $300 million building will span and include two berths capable of operating simultaneously, separately named as "AA" and "AAA," and be operated by MSC under a 62 year lease. Additionally, in an effort to reduce costs for its expansion projects, the port issued an accompanying resolution requiring the new MSC complex to share facilities with Disney Cruise Line, and will require Miami Dade County to establish a new berthing rights agreement with Disney Cruise Line based on the proposal. The new terminal is designed to be the homeport for its first two vessels. The terminal is scheduled to open in October 2022 to coincide with the debut of Carnival's second vessel, which will be homeported in Miami, and will be operated by Carnival under a 20 year lease. In terms of TEU, China is PortMiami's largest trade partner, while Honduras is ranked first in terms of trade value. Computers represent the port's most valuable export, while insulated wire and cable are considered the most valuable import.

The port currently operates eight passenger terminals, six gantry crane wharves, seven Ro Ro (Roll on Roll off) docks, four refrigerated yards for containers, break bulk cargo warehouses and nine gantry container handling cranes. In addition, the port tenants operate the cruise and cargo terminals which includes their cargo handling and support equipment. To retain the port's competitive rank as a world class port, in 1997 the port undertook a redevelopment program of over $250 million which is well underway to accommodate the changing demands of cruise vessel operators, passengers, shippers and carriers. To further resolve accessibility, the PortMiami Tunnel was constructed in 2010 and completed in 2014, providing direct vehicle access from the port to the interstate highway system via State Road 836, thereby bypassing congestion in downtown Miami. The group has stated that they would fund such a stadium privately, but there has been opposition on multiple grounds, including the added traffic to downtown Miami and the impact on wildlife.

In 2011, PortMiami was awarded a federal grant, as part of the Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery (TIGER) program, to restore a connection between the Florida East Coast Railway's yard in Hialeah and PortMiami, directly connecting the port to rail networks across the United States, The railroad bridge connecting the port to the mainland was damaged by Hurricane Wilma in 2005, at which time service was suspended. The project was scheduled to be finished in time for the completion of the other projects in 2014. The rail project is related to another scheme to increase PortMiami's capacity; an inland intermodal center, known as Flagler Logistics Hub, to be built near the airport on 300 acres of land in Hialeah. There was some opposition to the railroad line being returned to service, with claims that it would be as much of a problem to downtown traffic as container trucks, and that the noise would be a disturbance to nearby residents. However, trains are occasional and will be reserved for specialty freight, such as oversized loads and hazardous materials, which will be banned from the tunnel. As well, trains will be able to travel at up to on the newly renovated line, in contrast to the old limit of , and so will be able to cross Biscayne Boulevard in 90 seconds. The cost of restoring the rail link between the port and the Hialeah Railyard was estimated at $46.9 million, $28 million of which was applied for through a federal grant in 2010. as well as to build an on site intermodal rail yard at the port. During the 2000s the percent of Florida East Coast Railway's business has increased from around 60% to around 80% intermodal freight. However, this was partially due to a decrease in other freight traffic caused by the 2008 recession, which reduced the number of trains, many carrying rock aggregate used in construction, from about 20 to 14 per day. There is also a plan to start a passenger service connecting Jacksonville to Miami using the FECR mainline, with stops at popular tourist attractions. The State of Florida has provided $116 million of the $268 million needed to fund that project. The remaining funding for the passenger line is expected to come from a federal grant, and the remaining funding to fix the local freight line from the Port to Hialeah is supposed to come from the Florida East Coast Railroad (FEC) at $10.9 million, the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) at $10.9 million, with the PortMiami itself On July 15, 2011, a ground breaking ceremony marking the beginning of the rail link project, which is expected to create over 800 jobs and generate $33.38 million in wages, was performed by US Senator Bill Nelson, Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood, Miami Dade Mayor Carlos Giménez, and Miami city mayor Tomás Regalado. The project has been named the PortMiami Intermodal and Rail Reconnection Project. In 2019, Brightline announced plans to construct a station at PortMiami.