Швейцарияның Ленцбург қаласы: Тарих, география және экономикасы

Lenzburg is a town in the central region of the Swiss canton of Aargau and is the capital of the Lenzburg District. The town, founded in the Middle Ages, lies in the Seetal valley, about 3 kilometres south of the Aare river. Lenzburg and the neighbouring municipalities of Niederlenz and Staufen have grown together in an agglomeration.

A Neolithic grave field of the Cortaillod culture has been discovered on the Goffersberg (close to the Lenzburg Castle) dating from 4300 3500 BCE. Lenzburg transformed into the economic centre of the region in the second half of the 19th century. On 23 June 1874, Lenzburg was connected to the Aargauische Südbahn railway. On 6 September 1877 the Schweizerische Nationalbahn opened a line from Wettingen to Zofingen as part of a plan to connect Singen, Germany and Lake Geneva in competition with the established railway companies. The line went bankrupt in 1878 and was taken over by the Schweizerische Nordostbahn. The bankruptcy of the Nationalbahn brought Lenzburg to the brink of economic ruin, as the city itself was heavily involved in financing it. Paying back the city's debt took half a century. The castle changed hands several times in the 19th and 20th century. In 1860, it was bought by Frank Wedekind, a poet from Germany. In 1893, it was purchased by Americans and renovated. Finally, in 1956, it was bought by the canton and since been used to house a museum.

Lenzburg lies on the small river Aabach, at the northern edge of the Seetal. It lies 30 km west of Zürich. Lenzburg has an area, as of 2009, of Of this area, or 21.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 49.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 28.2% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.5% is either rivers or lakes. Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 4.9% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 12.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 7.4%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.9% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 1.7%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 15.2% is used for growing crops and 6.0% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is in rivers and streams.

Lenzburg has a population of as of 2009, 27.6% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 6.3%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (78.0%), with Italian being second most common ( 8.7%) and Albanian being third ( 2.1%). The age distribution, as of 2008, in Lenzburg is; 731 children or 9.1% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 845 teenagers or 10.5% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 1,235 people or 15.4% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 1,131 people or 14.1% are between 30 and 39, 1,245 people or 15.5% are between 40 and 49, and 1,016 people or 12.7% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 777 people or 9.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 611 people or 7.6% are between 70 and 79, there are 345 people or 4.3% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 78 people or 1.0% who are 90 and older. as of 2000 the average number of residents per living room was 0.56 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.57 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 36.2% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage or a rent to own agreement). as of 2000, there were 495 homes with 1 or 2 persons in the household, 1,788 homes with 3 or 4 persons in the household, and 921 homes with 5 or more persons in the household. There were a total of 19 empty apartments for a 0.5% vacancy rate.

Lenzburg is an important economic centre, containing over 600 enterprises, of which about 80% in the service sector. The majority of businesses are in the small and medium enterprise bracket, but a number of international companies are established in Lenzburg, such as the multinational ABB and the meat processing plant Traitafina. Lenzburg has a total workforce of around 6,000.

as of 2007, Lenzburg had an unemployment rate of 2.43%. as of 2005, there were 74 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 16 businesses involved in this sector. 2,160 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 95 businesses in this sector. 4,014 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 453 businesses in this sector. Of the working population, 19.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 39.6% used a private car.

In Lenzburg about 66.7% of the population (between age 25 64) have completed either non mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).

For over 400 years the youth celebration is the largest event in Lenzburg, taking place every year on the second Friday of July. In August the Gauklerfestival takes place in the streets of the old part of town with international entertainers.